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1
Content available A global performance index of international humanitarian NGOs. A proposal for a measurement instrument
Couprie Sonia, Godek-Brunel Magdalena, Sibińska Anna
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
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2024
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z. 192
111--124
EN
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to propose a Global Performance Index for humanitarian NGOs that operate on a global basis The proposed index also includes a list of indicators for measuring the performance’s effectiveness in the economic, operational, and social areas. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis of existing theoretical concepts of performance measurement contributed to the development of a model of NGO organizational performance and three key elements emerged: 1. operational effectiveness, 2. economic effectiveness, and 3. social effectiveness. Based on the credit scoring method the list of indicators developed a proposal for a Global Performance Index for humanitarian NGOs operating globally. Conclusions: The Global Performance Index, together with a proposal of indicators, allows the measurement of NGO performance. It also takes into account specific aspects of international humanitarian NGOs in areas such as their non-profit purpose, their field of activity (emergency relief and development), and their necessary effectiveness and efficiency to gain legitimacy from public and private donors. Research limitations/conclusions: The limitations of the concept adopted relate to the choice and weighting of measurement criteria. Even if we take into account the actual historical data of the organization, as well as documents specific to the donors or the organizations themselves, there remains a bias of subjectivity that needs to be reduced by specific applications. This would allow testing both the validity of the selected criteria and their relative importance in measuring performance. Such application would benefit from being complemented by analyses of failure situations and stakeholder consultation. Practical implications: This index of NGO performance indicators may become a tool for potential investors or donors who would like to assess the health of such organizations. Originality/value: The methodological approach adopted in the article for assessing the performance of NGOs, the model developed and the list of indicators is novel and may, in further research, form the basis for creating comprehensive performance measurement indices for NGOs.
2
Precyzyjność pomiaru przepływności IP w sieci LTE z funkcją dual connectivity
Zięba Arkadiusz, Sadowski Jarosław, Kollar Martin, Tatarczyk Krzysztof
Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne
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2023
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nr 4
260--264
PL
Przepływność protokołu IP zdefiniowana na podstawie 3GPP TS 36.314 jest jednym z najważniejszych wskaźników Quality of Service (QoS). Jednakże specyfika sieci komórkowych w architekturze rozproszonej uniemożliwia precyzyjność jej pomiaru. Artykuł ten przedstawia porównanie klasycznej architektury Long Term Evolution (LTE) w porównaniu do systemu Dual Connectivity (DC) i skupia się na nowatorskiej metodzie rozwiązania problemu bieżącej estymacji przepływności dla terminala realizującego usługę transmisji danych jednocześnie przez dwie stacje bazowe.
EN
IP scheduled throughput defined according to 3GPP TS 36.314 is one of the most important indicators for monitoring of Quality of Service (QoS). However, the nature of networks built on a distributed architecture prevents it from being accurately measured. This paper gives an overview of the classical Long Term Evolution (LTE) architecture as opposed to Dual Connectivity (DC) system and focuses on a novel method of solving the issue of current throughput estimation for UE providing the data transmission service simultaneously through two base stations.
3
Minimum energy control of degenerate Cauchy problem with skew-Hermitian pencil
Benaoued Meriem, Bouagada Djillali
Journal of Applied Analysis
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2022
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Vol. 28, nr 2
251--261
EN
The present research paper deals with the effectiveness of the control of an infinite-dimensional degenerate Cauchy problem with variable operator coefficients, skew-Hermitian pencil and bounded input condition. This study explores the minimum energy control problem. The investigation follows a set of methods to examine the procedure for developing a new result to solve the problem. Indeed, by the use of decomposition transformation of the considered system and the application of the Gramian operator, the formula of the process for controlling the system with minimum energy is obtained. Afterwards, a procedure to compute the optimal input for minimizing the performance index is then proposed. In a nutshell, the obtained results indicate that optimal control for minimizing the performance index ensures the solution of the minimum energy control of an infinite-dimensional degenerate Cauchy problem.
4
Content available Optimisation of the performance of a pyrolysis reactor for G50 chips
Dhaundiyal Alok, Singh Suraj
Archives of Thermodynamics
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2020
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Vol. 41, no 1
245--263
EN
The aim of any industrial plant, which is dealing in the energy sector, is to maximise the revenue generation at the lowest production cost. It can be carried out either by optimizing the manpower or by improving the performance index of the overall unit. This paper focuses on the optimisation of a biomass power plant which is powered by G50 hardwood chips (Austrian standard for biomass chips). The experiments are conducted at different operating conditions. The overall effect of the enhanced abilities of a reactor on the power generation is examined. The output enthalpy of a generated gas, the gas yield of a reactor and the driving mechanism of the pyrolysis are examined in this analysis. The thermal efficiency of the plant is found to vary from 44 to 47% at 400°C, whereas it is 44 to 48% for running the same unit at 600°C. The transient thermal condition is solved with the help of the lumped capacitance method. The thermal efficiency of the same design, within the constraint limit, is enhanced by 5.5%, whereas the enthalpy of the produced gas is magnified by 49.49% through nonlinear optimisation. The temperature of biomass should be homogenous, and the ramping rate must be very high. The 16% rise in temperature of the reactor is required to reduce the mass yield by 20.17%. The gas yield of the reactor is increased by up to 85%. The thermal assessment indicates that the bed is thermally thin, thus the exterior heat transfer rate is a deciding factor of the pyrolysis in the reactor.
5
Content available Evaluation of a high-precision digital multimeter by the laboratory of calibration of multifunction electrical instruments of INRIM
Galliana Flavio, Lanzillotti Marco
Metrology and Measurement Systems
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2019
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Vol. 26, nr 2
283--296
EN
A metrological verification of a high precision digital multimeter was made by the laboratory of calibration of programmable electrical multifunction instruments of the National Institute of Metrological Research (INRIM) in order to verify its accuracy and stability. The instrument had been tested for a period of six months for five low-frequency electrical quantities (DC and AC Voltage and Current and DC Resistance). Its stability and precision were compared with the accuracy specifications of the manufacturer. As a new approach, a performance index of the DMM was introduced and evaluated for each examined measurement point. The DMM showed a satisfactory agreement with its specifications to be considered at the level of other top-class DMMs and even better in some measurements points.
6
Content available remote Evaluation of ecological concrete using multi-criteria ecological index and performance index approach
Kubissa Wojciech, Jaskulski Roman, Chen Jiajian, Ng Pui-Lam, Godlewska Wioletta, Reiterman Pavel
Architecture Civil Engineering Environment
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2019
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Vol. 12, no. 1
97--107
EN
This paper proposes a new method of rational and quantitative assessment of ecological concrete in terms of the ecological impact and engineering performance. The concrete mix is evaluated through the multi-criteria Ecological Index (EI) and Performance Index (PI) approach. The EI accounts for the impact of the concrete on environment including the carbon emission and raw materials usage, whereas the PI accounts for the engineering performance of the concrete such as compressive strength and water sorptivity. Depending on the applications of the concrete, different criteria may be chosen for the evaluation. Concrete mixes reported in the literature comprising different types of cement, supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates are analyzed to illustrate the applicability of the proposed multi-criteria assessment method. It is shown that the proposed method is able to effectively reflect the concurrent ecological impact and engineering performance of concrete mixes, and hence facilitate rational design of ecological concrete to suit practical engineering applications.
7
Content available remote Performance evaluation based fault tolerant control with actuator saturation avoidance
Boussaid B., Aubrun C., Abdelkrim M. N., Ben Gayed M. K.
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
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2011
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Vol. 21, no 3
457-466
EN
In this paper, a new approach regarding a reconfigured system is proposed to improve the performance of an active fault tolerant control system. The system performance is evaluated with an intelligent index of performance. The reconfiguration mechanism is based on a model predictive controller and reference trajectory management techniques. When an actuator fault occurs in the system, a new degraded reference trajectory is generated and the controller calculates new admissible controls. A constraint set and cost function are established to avoid actuator saturation and reduce the control energy spent in closed loop dynamics. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated using a hydrothermal system subject to actuator faults and constraints on actuator dynamic ranges.
8
Content available A graphical interpretation of a fractional-order backward-difference/Sum
Ostalczyk P.
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
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2010
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R. 56, nr 5
418-422
EN
In this paper an attempt to formulate a graphical interpretation of a fractional-order backward difference/sum (FOBD/S) is presented. The FOBD/S is a very important mathematical tool in dynamical systems identification and control strategies synthesis. A good understanding of the FOBD/S operation may lead to a definition of new performance indices grounded on FOBSs preserving desired transients.
PL
Artykuł jest próbą określenia graficznej interpretacji różnicy i sumy wstecznej niecałkowitego rządu (R/SNCR). R/SNCR staje się ważnym narzędziem matematycznym wykorzystywanym w identyfikacji oraz sterowania obiektami dynamicznymi. Dobre zrozumienie operacji R/SNCR, analogiczne do graficznej interpretacji sumy i różnicy wstecznej pierwszego rzędu, w oczywisty sposób zwiększy obszar zastosowań R/SNCR. W niniejszej pracy pojęcie SNCR pozwoliło sformułować definicję nowych całkowych wskaźników jakości, w których rząd całkowania reprezentuje tzw. funkcje wagi (kary) stosowane w całkowych wskaźnikach jakości regulacji. Odpowiedni dobór rzędu całkowania (numerycznego sumowania) całkowego wskaźnika jakości pozwoli zaprojektować regulator zapewniający wymagane przebiegi przejściowe zamkniętych układów regulacji. Rozważania zilustrowane zostały doborem optymalnego, względem przyjętego kryterium, klasycznego regulatora PI w liniowym układzie regulacji.
9
Content available remote Uogólniony wskaźnik jakości dla układów regulacji cyfrowej
Mitkowski W., Oprzędkiewicz K.
Automatyka / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie
|
2003
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T. 7, z. 1-2
165-172
PL
W pracy omówiono propozycję nowego uogólnionego wskaźnika jakości dla układów regulacji cyfrowej. Proponowany wskaźnik jakości łączy w sobie dwa różne i często sprzeczne czynniki, które muszą zawsze być uwzględniane podczas syntezy algorytmu sterowania. Pierwszym z nich jest jakość regulacji oceniana na podstawie klasycznych wskaźników jakości (np. czas regulacji lub wskaźniki całkowe). Drugim czynnikiem jest czynnik uwzględniający aspekt ekonomiczny realizacji algorytmu. W prezentowanej pracy czynnik ekonomiczny został powiązany ze złożonością obliczeniową algorytmu. Z kolei złożoność obliczeniowa algorytmu jest zależna od modelu matematycznego algorytmu sterowania, opisanego dyskretnym równaniem stanu lub transmitancją dyskretną. Jako przykład rozważono syntezę układu regulacji z predyktorem Smitha dla obiektu o parametrach rozłożonych. Zastosowanie proponowanego wskaźnika jakości pozwoliło w tym wypadku na wyznaczenie najważniejszego parametru dyskretnego układu regulacji, jakim jest okres próbkowania algorytmu.
EN
In paper the proposition of a new general performance index for digital control systems is discussed. The proposed performance index covers two different and often contradictory factors, which have always to be considered during construction of the real digital control system. The first is the control performance estimated with the typical performance indexes use (for example: the settling time, the integral square performance indexes, u.a.). The second is the factor considering the economic aspect of control algorithm's realisation. In presented paper as the economic factor was connected with the computational complexity of the control algorithm. Further, the algorithm's complexity depends on it's mathematical model described by the discrete state-space equation or by the discrete transfer function. As an example the synthesis of the digital Smith predictor for the distributed parameter object was considered. The use of the proposed general performance index allowed us to assign the optimal sample time, which is the most important parameter of digital control system.
10
Content available Control system with the specific performance index for an evaporator
Świtalski S.
Control and Cybernetics
|
1999
|
Vol. 28, no 2
315--329
EN
In some cases the classical performance indexes are not adequate for the performance evaluation of the concentration control systems. Therefore, the specific performance index is proposed in this paper. This index depends on the product of the product flow rate and some function of the deviation of the product concentration from the set point. In order to minimize this performance index the special control system is proposed. This special control system used to the forced circulation evaporator is studied using simulation techniques. The simulation results show that the system described in this paper produces the performance index less than classical control system.
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