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Radiocarbon dating of organic-rich deposits: Difficulties of paleogeographical interpretations in highlands of Russian Altai

Nepop R.K., Agatova A.R., Bronnikova M.A., Zazovskaya E.P., Ovchinnikov I.YU., Moska P.

Geochronometria

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2020

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Vol. 47, no.1

138--153

EN

The high mountainous southeastern part of Russian Altai is characterized by complicated sedimentation history. As a result of tectonic movements, Paleogene, Neogene, and even more old Carboniferous and Jurassic organicrich deposits had been partly uplifted and exhumed on the ridge’s slopes, where during the Pleistocene, they were affected by various exogenous processes including glaciation, glacio-fluvial erosion, winnowing activity of ice-dammed lakes, sliding during lake-draining events, followed by further intensive Holocene erosion, pedogenesis, and permafrost formation/degradation. Remobilized ancient organic matter had been involved into geomorphic and pedogenesis processes and affected the results of radiocarbon dating. Numerous radiocarbon ages obtained revealed several typical problems in interpretation of dating results, which was confirmed by multidisciplinary investigations of associated sediments in a wider regional context. This article presents a discussion on obtained apparent radiocarbon dates of organic material from ten sections of the SE Altai. In addition to radiocarbon analysis, in each case multidisciplinary study was carried out in order to properly interpret obtained dates, as well as to explain the inability of directly using apparent 14C ages as a geochronological basis for paleogeographical reconstruction. The analysis presented is of vital importance for establishing the chronology of formation of large ice-dammed lakes and their cataclysmic draining; revealing chronology and paleoenvironmental conditions of pedogenesis in the highlands of the SE Altai; and estimating the range and magnitude of the tectonically driven topography rebuilding in the post-Neogene time.

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Morphological and Physical Properties of Dehydrated Holocene Carbonate Limnic Deposits in Post-Bog Areas of NW Poland

Jarnuszewski G., Meller E.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 1

136--142

EN

Holocene limnic deposits characteristic of the average latitudes have partially outcropped as a result of young glacial sculpture aging. The change of the environment from limnic to telmatic and often the interference of a man associated with the regulation of water relations led to the emergence of limnic deposits that underwent the process of pedogenesis. In this work, 137 samples of carbonate deposits from 6 sites in NW Poland were analyzed in terms of their physical properties. Carbonate sediments were subject to determination of specific and bulk densities, total porosity and air porosity, current and capillary water capacity. On the basis of CaCO3 content, combustion loss, and non-lime mineral content, the studied sediments were classified into three groups: lacustrine chalk, calcareous gyttja, and clay-calcareous gyttja. Studies have shown that the sediments subject to pedogenesis in the top levels have characteristic morphological features in the form of cracks and numerous channels and iron fills in the form of spotted, streaked or marbled mosaic. The top levels of sediments, as a result of dehydration, clearly increase their bulk density. Properties of the lake chalk were formed mainly by the proportion of organic matter and CaCO3, while in the case of carbonate gyttja, the influence of mineral parts of the non-lime substances is also highlighted. In the top of carbonate sediments, there is a decrease in general and capillary porosity and an increase in the share of macropores.

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Pedogenic and lacustrine features of the Brushy Basin Member of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation in western Colorado: Reassessing the paleoclimatic interpretations

Tanner L., Galli K., Lucas S.

Volumina Jurassica

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2014

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Vol. 12, no. 2

115--130

EN

Study of the pedogenic features of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation in western Colorado, USA, shows a clear difference in the types of paleosols between the strata of the lower and upper Brushy Basin Member. Lower Brushy Basin paleosols are mostly calcareous Aridisols with Stage I through Stage III calcrete Bk horizons, abundant root traces, occasional vertic features, but only rarely with ochric epipedons. Upper Brushy Basin paleosols are mainly thicker and commonly display ochric epipedons and well-developed Bt and Bw horizons. We assign these paleosols to the order Inceptisol. Limestones occur in the Brushy Basin Member and include both uniformly micritic limestones and limestones with strongly brecciated textures. The former contain sparse body fossils and charophyte debris, while the latter are characterized by clotted-peloidal fabrics with circumgranular cracking and silica replacement. We interpret these limestones as the deposits of carbonate in small water bodies on a low-gradient flood plain, with the textures resulting from pedogenic reworking of the carbonate sediment. We find no evidence for the presence of extensive lacustrine or wetlands (Lake T’oo’dichi’) deposits in the study area. The paleoclimate suggested by all of these features is strongly seasonal, but subject to variations on orbital (precessional and higher) timescales causing intervals of semi-aridity during weaker monsoons, to alternate with sub-humid periods during stronger monsoons. The apparent long-term change in climate during Brushy Basin deposition potentially resulted from northward drift of North America.

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Genetic interpretation of micromorphological features of gully less - soil deposits (case study : Kolonia Celejów, E Poland)

Mroczek P., Rodzik J.

Landform Analysis

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2011

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Vol. 17

125-130

EN

Five complex soil profiles in gully system on Nałeczów Plateau (E Poland) were examined. They represent the loess sediments modified by soil processes and postpedogenic transformations. Two examined profiles represent natural and mature Luvisols with diagnostic illuvial horizon (Bt argillic) developed on the edge of plateau geomorphologic level and in the relict valley bottom. The other soil profiles reflects postpedogenic soil degradation, redeposition and secondary accumulation (deluvia, colluvia and/or proluvia). Record of these processes are the micromorphological features created by lithological processes (=primary loess and secondary pedoliths) or by pedogenesis (mainly bioturbation, illuviation, de- and recalcification). The important group of microfeatures are pedorelicts which clearly confirm genetic dependences of pedoliths (deluvia and proluvia) and soils developed in situ and located in higher hypsometric levels in the catchment.

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Trace elements in soils of various ecosystems of the Siedlce Upland

Raczuk J., Deska J.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2000

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Vol. 7, nr 11

1229-1236

EN

The total content and distribution orMo, Zn, Co, Pb, Ni, Cr in soils of various ecosystems of the Siedlce upland was investigated. The study was condueted on 6 profiles exhibiting different physico-chemical properties. The mean content of Mn, Zn, Pb, Cr, Co, Ni in the investigated soils are: 227; 30.8; 17.9; 12.2; 9.0; 5.9 mg/kg d.m. respectively. The highest level of enrichment in Mn, Zn, Pb and Cu in relation to their contenIs in the parent rocks displayed humus horizons of the meadow black earths. The contents and distribution of the trace elements in the soil horizons are connected with the lithogenesis and pedogenesis as well as, in case of Pb, to some extent with anthropogenesis.

PL

Badano zawartość Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr w glebach ekosystemów leśnych, łąkowych i pól uprawnych Wysoczyzny Siedleckiej. Badaniami objęto 6 profilów glebowych charakteryzujących się zróżnicowanymi właściwościami fizykochemicznymi. Średnia zawartość Mn, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu i Ni w badanych glebach wynosiła odpowiednio: 227; 30,8; 17,9; 12,2; 9,0 oraz 5,9 mg/kg s.m. Największe wzbogacenie w Mn, Zn, Pb, i Cu w stosunku do ich zawartości w skale macierzystej wykazują poziomy próchniczne gleb ekosystemów łąkowych. Stwierdzono, że na zawartość pierwiastków śladowych w analizowanych glebach wpłynęła litogeneza, pedogeneza oraz w przypadku Pb antropogeneza. Słowa kluczowe: gleby płowe, brunatne, gruntowo-glejowe, czarne ziemie, części spławialne, pedogeneza, litogeneza, antropogeneza