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Design and application of facial expression analysis system in empathy ability of children with autism spectrum disorder

Guo Chen, Zhang Kun, Chen Jingying, Xu Ruyi, Gao Lei

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2021

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Vol. 25

319--325

EN

Empathy is an important social ability in early childhood development. One of the significant characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is their lack of empathy, which makes it difficult for them to understand other's emotions and to judge other's behavioral intentions, leading to social disorders. This research designed and implemented a facial expression analysis system that could obtain and analyze the real-time expressions of children when viewing stimulus, and evaluate the empathy differences between ASD children and typical development children. The research results provided new ideas for evaluation of ASD children, and helped to develop empathy intervention plans.

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Wileńska pediatria (1919-1939)

Urbanek Bożena

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2020

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T. 65, nr 4

67--79

EN

The article aims to show the development of pediatrics in Vilnius (Wilno) in the Borderlands of the Second Polish Republic in the interwar period. The text presents the beginnings of the organizational, scientific and staffing process, and it employs the sources from the Lithuanian Central State Archives (Lietuvos centrinis valstybės archyvas), as well as address lists and medical journals from the period.

3

Modern material solutions applied in pediatric facilities

Gębczyńska-Janowicz A., Konarzewska B.

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2018

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Vol. 11, no. 2

13--24

EN

New tendencies in forming of the health services functional buildings’ systems shaped along with the emergence of caring for patient’s mental condition in medical sciences. The interior design harmonized with the medical function became an incredibly important feature. This opened up new opportunities for the architecture of health care facilities. A positive architecture’s impact on the user’s well-being is remarkably important in the case of medical care units for youngest patients. For children contacts with clinics and hospitals implies the stress of separation from family and home environment as well as the fear of medical procedures that cause pain. Properly shaped space allows for the reduction of negative experiences linked with staying in a medical institution. It is worth looking at the contemporary material solutions that allow for the fulfillment of the required sanitary and hygienic standards, enabling at the same time to realize bold visions of pediatric medical facilities’ designers.

PL

Wraz z pojawieniem się w naukach medycznych dbałości o kondycję psychiczną pacjenta ukształtowały się nowe tendencje w formowaniu układów funkcjonalnych budynków służby zdrowia. Bardzo ważną cechą staje się aranżacja wnętrz współgrająca z funkcją medyczną. Otwiera to nowe możliwości dla architektury obiektów ochrony zdrowia. Pozytywny wpływ architektury na samopoczucie użytkownika jest bardzo istotny w przypadku medycznych jednostek zajmujących się opieką nad najmłodszymi pacjentami. Dla dzieci kontakt z przychodniami i szpitalami oznacza stres związany z separacją od rodziny i środowiska domowego oraz strach przed procedurami medycznymi, które powodują ból. Odpowiednio ukształtowana przestrzeń umożliwia redukcję negatywnych przeżyć związanych z przebywaniem w placówce leczniczej. Warto przyjrzeć się architekturze szpitali dla dzieci oraz oferowanym współcześnie rozwiązaniom materiałowym, które umożliwiając spełnienie wymaganych norm higieniczno-sanitarnych, jednocześnie pozwalają na realizację śmiałych wizji projektantów pediatrycznych placówek medycznych.

4

Repurposing existing virtual patients; an Anglo-German case study

Balasubramaniam C., Poulton T., Huwendiek S.

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

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2009

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Vol. 5, no. 9

91--98

EN

Virtual Patients (VPs) are expensive to make from scratch. An attractive solution is to take those from one institution and transfer them to another. However, is it educationally feasible to simply translate the language of a VP from one country to another? The Repurposing Existing Virtual Patients (REViP) project between St George's, University of London and the University of Heidelberg has repurposed and content-enriched existing German VPs to English language, culture and pedagogy. These VPs were then embedded, tested and evaluated as core components within the paediatrics module and then ultimately made open to the wider community for free. The project has confirmed that repurposing and enriching is an effective way to share and reuse VPs as opposed to creating from scratch. However, much care should be taken to make the VPs suitable for the educational needs of the student, in their local context. This case study explores how the project was implemented and highlights the key outputs and conclusions.

5

Independent lung ventilation as a protective strategy in unilateral lung disease in children

Luchetti M., Marraro G. A., Galassini E. M.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2003

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Vol. 23, no. 2

77-87

EN

Independent Lung Ventilation (ILV) may be viewed as a lung protective ventilation strategy, since it avoids the overinflation of the healthy lung and allows adequate ventilation of the diseased lung. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of ILV as a protective strategy for the treatment of pediatric respiratory failure due to unilateral lung disease. An analysis of the literature regarding ventilator-associated lung injury, pathophysiology of unilateral lung disease and the efficacy of independent lung ventilation in the pediatric population was carried out. After an overview of unilateral lung disease and initial experience with ILV, the following topical areas are addressed: technique of selective bronchial intubation, mechanical ventilation and ventilator setting, and speculations about the future. Unilateral lung diseases can be treated successfully using SILV. In addition, SILV allows to selectively instilling into the lung medications such as surfactant. Despite its attractive characteristics, ILV has some drawbacks that still limit its use. Investigation in under way trying to simplify the technique and make it more accessible.