Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Effect of fibre content on the geotechnical properties of peat

Chmielewska Iwona

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

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2023

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Vol. 45, nr 2

133-143

EN

The purpose of the study was to determine the geotechnical properties of peat and relate them to the fibre content. Peat soil tested in this study was collected from the peatland in the north-eastern Poland, 250 km north-east of Warsaw. Peat samples were taken from eight different depths below the ground surface over an area of approximately 2500 m2. The research programme consisted of laboratory tests of the physical properties of peat and compressibility tests conducted in oedometers. Tests were performed in accordance with the current international and European standards using specialised research equipment. Based on the degree of decomposition, peat was divided into fibric (with more than 66% of fibres), hemic (fibre content from 33% to 66%) and sapric (less than 33% of plant fibres). The bulk and particle densities, natural water content, organic content, initial void ratio and the degree of decomposition were investigated as the physical properties of peat. Based on the oedometer tests, the constrained modulus, compression and secondary compression indexes were determined. It was concluded that the fibric peat is characterised by the lowest bulk and particle densities, the highest water and organic contents, void ratio and compressibility in comparison to hemic and sapric peat. The characteristics of peat have been related to the results presented in the literature.

2

Problematyka koncesjonowania wydobycia kopalin energetycznych w Polsce

Harat Andrzej, Jaguś Andrzej

Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 5 (25)

1--13

EN

The extraction of minerals, including fossil fuels, is a licensed activity. In the case of strategic fossil fuels owned by the state, such as hard coal, lignite, crude oil, natural gas, a license is issued by the minister responsible for the environment. The minister also signs a mining lease agreement, that is the right to use a mining area, with the entity to which they grant the licence. In the case of resources that are not covered by mining lease, but are subject to land property ownership, such as rock or peat, the licensing authority is the staroste or voivodship governor (depending on the area of the deposit or the volume of the mineral to be extracted). The licensing procedure requires the preparation and completion of extensive documentation presenting the interested entity and the activity it is going to undertake. In the case of licences granted by the minister or governor, the submitted documentation is required to contain a de-posit development plan. The licensing procedure consists in examining the license application along with the attached documentation by the competent authority, as well as conducting ar-rangements with the interested institutions and supervisory authorities. Commencement of the licensing procedure for the extraction of coal or peat is not limited in time, whereas the granting of licences for the exploration, identification and extraction of hydrocarbon deposits begins only in the form of a time-limited tender. After the licence has been granted, the area covered by its provisions is entered in the register of mining areas. Licences are granted for a specified period of time. An important element to be included in their contents is indication of the requirements for conducting a business in a way that minimizes the negative impact on the environment.

3

Wybrane właściwości gruntowych materiałów kompozytowych jako materiału konstrukcyjnego do budowy niskich nasypów obwałowań przeciwpowodziowych

Brzeziński Bartłomiej, Olchawa Andrzej, Wierzbicka Marianna

Materiały Budowlane

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2023

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nr 6

32--36

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań laboratoryjnych właściwości fizycznych i mechanicznych (zagęszczalności, ściśliwości, przewodności hydraulicznej oraz wytrzymałości na ścinanie) gruntowych materiałów kompozytowych stanowiących mieszaninę torfu, popiołu lotnego i wapna hydratyzowanego. W świetle uzyskanych wyników, parametry geotechniczne wszystkich kompozytów są porównywalne, co stanowi, że o przydatności materiału może decydować kryterium roboczego przedziału wilgotności.

EN

The paper presents the results of laboratory tests of physical and mechanical properties (compaction, compressibility, hydraulic conductivity, and shear strength) of ground composite materials made of peat, fly ash and hydrated lime. The results showed that the geotechnical parameters of the all composites are comparable. Given to these properties it may be accepted that range of working moisture is most usefulness parameter to assessment of composite as an embankment construction material.

4

Drying of composite raw material based on peat solid residue after extraction of humic fertilizers and corn crop residues

Sniezhkin Yurii, Petrova Zhanna, Vorobiov Leonid, Petrov Anton, Novikova Yuliia

Journal of New Technologies in Environmental Science

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2023

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Vol. 7, nr 3

99--102

EN

The article presents studies of the drying kinetics of composite raw materials based on solid peat residues after extraction of the humus component and corn harvesting residues. The resulting heat of combustion of composite raw materials is 1.2-1.4 times higher than that of peat in its native state. Moreover, their fairly high calorific value allows them to be used as an alternative fuel in domestic and municipal energy.

5

Eco-Friendly Principles on the Extraction of Humic Acids Intensification from Biosubstrates

Malyushevskaya Antonina, Koszelnik Piotr, Yushchishina Anna, Mitryasova Olena, Mats Andrii, Gruca-Rokosz Renata

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

317--327

EN

It is necessary to find innovative ways to improve the environmental performance of production processes and products. The technology of extracting valuable components from raw materials of plant origin is often used in technological processes of the food, pharmaceutical, chemical and other industries. Extraction is the most energy intensive step. The factors contributing to the extraction of humic acids from plant substrates under the action of electric discharge were studied. The purpose of the work was to study the efficiency of humic acids extraction from the biosubstrate under the action of electric discharges. The physical experiment showed that the main factor influencing the intensity of extraction is the degree of grinding of the solid phase of the biosubstrate-water suspension. The efficiency of electric discharge grinding depends on the pressure amplitude at the distance of the inner radius of the chamber and the number of discharge pulses. It was established that the number of chemical reagents (alkalis), usually used in the process of extracting humic acids from peat, can be reduced many times due to the appearance of radicals and peroxide compounds in the peat-water suspension resulting from the action of an electric discharge. The prospects of the non-thermal electric discharge method of intensification of the extraction of humic acids from biosubstrates were determined.

6

Rekultywacja terenów po eksploatacji złoża torfu

Cudera Joanna, Wysocki Karol

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2023

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nr 10

19--22

EN

The final stage of mining activity, which undoubtedly changes (sometimes irreversibly) the character of the project area, is the remediation of post-mining areas. The mining company's obligation to perform it arises not only from the provisions of the applicable law, but also from the principles of rational management of environmental resources. In the case of areas transformed after peat extraction, one way of restoring the land's use value is to use natural renaturisation processes, i.e. the spontaneous encroachment of plant and animal communities. The success of the method under discussion depends on a number of factors and must be preceded by a series of treatments to allow peat-forming vegetation to develop. As a result, post-mining areas cease to be associated with mining activities over time and become attractive in terms of landscape and nature.

PL

W artykule omówiono prawne oraz praktyczno-techniczne aspekty prowadzenia rekultywacji terenów po eksploatacji torfowisk wysokich w kierunku renaturyzacji. W procesie tym zwraca się uwagę na ważną rolę działań naprawczych podejmowanych przez przedsiębiorców po zakończeniu działalności górniczej, zmierzających do stworzenia nowych siedlisk dla fauny i flory, a także terenów rekreacyjno-wypoczynkowych.

7

Removal of Direct Orange 26 azo dye from water using natural carbonaceous materials

Kuśmierek Krzysztof, Dąbek Lidia, Świątkowski Andrzej

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2023

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Vol. 49, no 1

47--56

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of using natural carbonaceous materials such as peat, lignite, and hard coal as low-cost sorbents for the removal of Direct Orange 26 azo dye from an aqueous solution. The adsorption kinetics and the influence of experimental conditions were investigated. The following materials were used in the research: azo dye Direct Orange 26, Spill-Sorb “Fison” peat (Alberta, Canada), lignite (Bełchatów, Poland), and hard coal (“Zofiówka” mine, Poland). The morphology and porous structure of the absorbents were tested. Dye sorption was carried out under static conditions, with different doses of sorbents, pH of the solution, and ionic strength. It was observed that the adsorption of Direct Orange 26 dye on all three adsorbents was strongly dependent on the pH of the solution, while the ionic strength of the solution did not affect the adsorption efficiency. The adsorption kinetics were consistent with the pseudo-second-order reaction model. The stage which determines the rate of adsorption is the diffusion of the dye in the near-surface layer. The process of equilibrium adsorption of Direct Orange 26 dye on all tested adsorbents is best described by the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity for peat, brown coal and hard coal was 17.7, 15.1 and 13.8 mg/g, respectively. The results indicate that peat, lignite, and hard coal can be considered as alternative adsorbents for removing azo dyes from aqueous solutions.

PL

Celem pracy była ocena możliwości wykorzystania naturalnych materiałów węglowych takich jak torf, węgiel brunatny i węgiel kamienny jako niskokosztowych sorbentów do w usuwaniu barwnika azowego Direct Orange 26 z roztworu wodnego. Zbadano kinetykę adsorpcji oraz wpływ dawki sorbentu, pH roztworu oraz siły jonowej na skuteczność sorpcji. W badaniach wykorzystano barwnik azowy Direct Orange 26, torf Spill-Sorb „Fison” (Alberta, Kanada), węgiel brunatny (Bełchatów,Polska) oraz węgiel kamienny („Zofiówka”, Polska). Wykonano badania morfologii oraz struktury porowatej absorbentów. Sorpcję barwnika prowadzono w warunkach statycznych, przy różnych dawkach sorbentów, pH roztworu i sile jonowej. Zaobserwowano, że adsorpcja barwnika Direct Orange 26 na wszystkich trzech adsorbentach była silnie zależna od pH roztworu, natomiast siła jonowa roztworu nie wpływała na efektywność adsorpcji. Kinetyka adsorpcji była zgodna z modelem reakcji pseudo-drugiego rzędu. Etapem decydującym o szybkości adsorpcji jest dyfuzja barwnika w warstwie przypowierzchniowej. Proces adsorpcji równowagowej barwnika Direct Orange 26 na wszystkich badanych adsorbentach najlepiej opisuje izoterma Langmuira. Maksymalne zdolności adsorpcyjne dla torfu, węgla brunatnego i węgla kamiennego wynosiły odpowiednio 17,7, 15,1 i 13,8 mg/g. Wyniki wskazują, że torf, węgiel brunatny i węgiel kamienny mogą być rozważane jako alternatywne adsorbenty do usuwania barwników azowych z roztworów wodnych.

8

Analysis of using the empirical model of organic soil consolidation to predict settlement

Meyer Zygmunt, Olszewska Magdalena A.

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2023

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Vol. 16, no. 2

111--117

EN

The paper describes two models for determining the constrained elasticity modulus of organic soils based on the settlement of an overloading embankment. In these methods, based on the settlement of the embankment of the load exerted on the subsoil, using the inverse problem, it is possible to determine the constrained modulus. A parameter determined in this way can also be determined during consolidation. Changes in the settlement at successive stages of consolidation can be used to determine the constrained modulus of the organic soil at a given point in time. Assuming a “temporarily stable” (quasi-stationary) state at each analysed stage of consolidation. The constrained elasticity modulus was determined for the settling at a given moment. constrained modulus tests of organic soils were carried out for two embankments previously described in the literature. In this case, the modulus was also analysed during consolidation. These embankments are founded on peat and peat-gyttja substrates. In both cases, the layer of organic soil was 4 m. The presented methods with the assumption of a one-dimensional state of deformation, despite the state of spatial stress, can be used during construction using the “design and build” technology. The constrained modulus determined from the embankment overload will represent the actual deformations – volumetric deformations (including other deformations that actually occurred) during the consolidation period. The paper was concluded with several conclusions.

9

Torrefaction of composite biofuel in the atmosphere of its own gaseous environment

Mykhailyk Viacheslav, Korinchevska Tetіana, Dakhnenko Valery

Journal of New Technologies in Environmental Science

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2022

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Vol. 6, nr 2

75--82

EN

Torrefied pellets of composite fuel made from a mixture (1:1) of pine wood with lowland peat and pine wood were studied by TGA and DTA methods. Torrefaction was carried out at atmospheric pressure in a gaseous environment, which was formed in a limited space during the partial thermal decomposition of organic substances of fuel. An increase in the torrefaction temperature from 250°C to 290°C leads to an increase in the degree and temperature range of fuel decomposition. The presence of wood in the composite fuel has a positive effect on the results of torrefaction: the heat of thermal decomposition increases, ash content and hydrophilicity decrease. The method of torrefaction without the use of inert gases has shown its effectiveness and the possibility of application in the production of torrefied fuel.

10

The latest technology for obtaining composite biofuel and fertilizers

Sniezhkin Yurii, Petrova Zhanna, Paziuk Vadim, Petrov Anton, Novikova Yuliia

Journal of New Technologies in Environmental Science

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2022

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Vol. 6, nr 1

41--50

EN

One of the main problems of the modern world is the search for and supply of renewable energy resources that could compete with oil and natural gas. In recent years, the world is entering the era of biotechnology, which uses renewable raw materials to produce energy and materials. One of the sources of alternative types of fuel is peat, which is the cheapest type of fuel for the population, raw material for nutritious soils and organic-mineral fertilizers. The purpose of the work is to create the latest technology for obtaining composite fuel and fertilizers. The article examines the study of drying kinetics on a convective drying stand with an automatic system for collecting experimental data and their processing. The optimal modes of drying the composite mixture based on the solid residue of peat after the extraction of the humic component with crushed corn residues have been determined. According to the methods, the kinetics of heat-moisture exchange during drying of the composite mixture was calculated and it was determined that the generalized drying curves of the composite mixture coincide with the obtained experimental curves. The technology for obtaining humic substances and biofuel from peat and nutritious corn residues has been developed. Biofuel obtained by the technology on the basis of solid residue after extraction of humic substances from peat and nutritious residues of corn meets the standards of quality fuel and is 12.3 MJ/kg.

11

Heat and mass exchange processes during drying of composite mixture from peat waste and corn stalk

Petrova Zanna, Paziuk Vadim, Petrov Anton, Novikova Yuliia

Journal of New Technologies in Environmental Science

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2022

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Vol. 6, nr 4

115--118

EN

This paper presents a study of the heat and mass exchange processes of drying composite raw materials based on the solid residue after the extraction of humic substances from peat and nutritious corn stalk. A study of the drying kinetics of the composite mixture was conducted and energy-efficient modes were determined. The kinetics of heat-moisture exchange during drying of the composite mixture was calculated, and the kinetic regularities of drying were determined and summarized.

12

Deep neural network and ANN ensemble for slope stability prediction

Gupta A., Aggarwal Y., Aggarwal P.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 116, nr 1

14--27

EN

Purpose: Application of deep neural networks (DNN) and ensemble of ANN with bagging for estimating of factor of safety (FOS) of soil stability with a comparative performance analysis done for all techniques. Design/methodology/approach: 1000 cases with different geotechnical and similar Geometrical properties were collected and analysed using the Limit Equilibrium based Morgenstern-Price Method with input variables as the strength parameters of the soil layers, i.e., Su (Upper Clay), Su (Lower Clay), Su (Peat), angle of internal friction (φ), Su (Embankment) with the factor of safety (FOS) as output. The evaluation and comparison of the performance of predicted models with cross-validation having ten folds were made based on correlation-coefficient (CC), Nash-Sutcliffe-model efficiency-coefficient (NSE), root-mean-square-error (RMSE), mean-absolute-error (MAE) and scattering-index (S.I.). Sensitivity analysis was conducted for the effects of input variables on FOS of soil stability based on their importance. Findings: The results showed that these techniques have great capability and reflect that the proposed model by DNN can enhance performance of the model, surpassing ensemble in prediction. The Sensitivity analysis outcome demonstrated that Su (Lower Clay) significantly affected the factor of safety (FOS), trailed by Su (Peat). Research limitations/implications: This paper sets sight on use of deep neural network (DNN) and ensemble of ANN with bagging for estimating of factor of safety (FOS) of soil stability. The current approach helps to understand the tangled relationship of various inputs to estimate the factor of safety of soil stability using DNN and ensemble of ANN with bagging. Practical implications: A dependable prediction tool is provided, which suggests that model can help scientists and engineers optimise FOS of soil stability. Originality/value: Recently, DNN and ensemble of ANN with bagging have been used in various civil engineering problems as reported by several studies and has also been observed to be outperforming the current prevalent modelling techniques. DNN can signify extremely changing and intricate high-dimensional functions in correlation to conventional neural networks. But on a detailed literature review, the application of these techniques to estimate factor of safety of soil stability has not been observed.

13

Heavy Metals and Metalloids Leachability from Composite Ground Materials Peat – Fly Ash – Lime

Brzeziński Bartłomiej, Iskra-Świercz Dominika

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2021

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Tom 23

513--523

EN

This publication presents the test results of heavy metals and metalloids leachability from ground composite materials. The components of the obtained composites are peat and stabilizing binders in the form of fly ash and hydrated lime. The composites were designed to be used to stabilize low-bearing organic soil in the Lake Druzno basin in the area of Żuławy Elbląskie. The results of the leachability studies show that as the lime hydrated in the composition of the composite increases, the leachability of heavy metals and metalloids decreases. The decrease in the leachability of these elements is also influenced by the increase in the pH value. The results of heavy metals and metalloids leachability from composites as well as the obtained pH values make it possible to conclude that they are neutral to the ground environment and can be used in engineering practice under specific conditions in the area of Żuławy Elbląskie.

14

Zmienność parametrów fizykochemicznych torfów w strefie przypowierzchniowej torfowiska w dolinie Strugi Wodnej (Wysoczyzna Lubartowska)

Rydelek Paweł

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 12

867--872

EN

The paper presents the results of research on variability of basic physical and chemical parameters of peats from a small fen in the Struga Wodna valley on the Lubartów Plateau. The variability of organic matter content, moisture content, pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) was analysed. Apart from descriptive statistics, geostatistical methods were also used, including the analysis of semivariograms. All determined parameters showed high variability, including spatial variability. The analysis of the semivariograms showed that for each of the parameters there is a nugget effect, indicating high local variability. The statistically highest variability, expressed by the coefficient of variation, was shown by peat moisture content, while the moisture content showed the highest spatial autocorrelation. The use of geostatistical methods allowed identifying zones with different properties within the fen, and describing the spatial autocorrelation of individual parameters.

15

Developmental features of non-urban areas using local peat resources in a sustainable way

Semin Alexander N., Grevtsev Nikolay V., Antoninova Natalya Yu.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 50

79--84

EN

The article discusses the spatial development of non-urban areas based on the use of local peat resources. Creating a methodology for the advanced spatial development of non-urban areas has peat resources based on multi-criteria optimisation of production and social infrastructures. The industrial and social infrastructure of the non-urban areas having reserves of peat, associated mineral, and industrial raw materials. Regularities, trends, and features of formation and functioning of the productive and social infrastructure of the natural and man-made complex in the development of peat reserves, associated mineral, and industrial raw materials. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to conduct interdisciplinary research and solve the following specific objectives: (1) the scientific justification of new technological processes and equipment for peat and mineral raw materials processing for obtaining new composite materials for multiple purposes; (2) the feature analysis of the use of local peat resources to provide the development of non-urban areas based on a set of scientific approaches; (3) the development of the methodology for project management of the natural and man-made complex to ensure multi-criteria optimisation of productive and social infrastructure. The example of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra development selected results of confronting the existing “big grand” and national challenges through the mechanisms of rational use of local peat resources non-urban areas are illustrated. The results indicated that by 2030 there would be a 3.8-fold increase in mineral extraction and a 5.9-fold increase in processing industries.

16

Investigation of the Kinetics of the Drying Process of Composite Pellets on a Convective Drying Stand

Petrova Zhanna, Sniezhkin Yurii, Paziuk Vadym, Novikova Yuliia, Petrov Anton

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 6

159--166

EN

In Ukraine, the problem of processing and utilization of sludge deposits that are formed during the treatment process at wastewater treatment plants is relevant. Unprocessed sewage sludge merges into overcrowded sludge sites every year, which leads to a deterioration of the environment and living conditions in Ukraine. Therefore, the aim of the work was to study the processing of sludge, the creation of pellets based on their composition with peat and biomass and their drying. The article presents the studies of drying kinetics of composite pellets based on peat, obsolete sludge and biomass on an experimental convective drying stand. The influence of the proportions of the components of the composition on the drying time was determined and the ratio at which the drying time of the pellets is shorter and the pellets are of better quality was selected. A comparison of the drying time of the sludgepeat composition and its components was performed, which shows that during the drying of the composite pellets, the intensification of the drying process is observed. The study related to the effect of the diameter of the pellets on the duration of drying showed that the duration of drying increases along with diameter. The presented comparison of drying kinetics of twoand three-component pellets shows the same nature of the drying curves and the drying time is in the range of 17-18 minutes. The optimal ratio of components for quality granulation was selected. The effective drying regimes of composite pellets based on silt deposits, peat and biomass were determined.

17

Efficiency of Sorbents Application for the Decrease of the Residual Content of Oil Products in the Industrial Waste

Tarasova Svetlana, Gaevaya Elena, Bytsko Anastasia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 1

36--40

EN

Well drilling involves the formation of the bore mud in a form of drilled solids with waste drilling mud, containing oil products in its structure. Nowadays, the widely used methods such as thermal, physical and biological ones cannot be considered as complex approach to the solution of the problem of the oil refinery wastes handling. Introduction of the peat and natural mineral sorbents into the bore mud allows decreasing the residual content of the oil products, and, thus, decreasing the level of negative influence on the environment. On the basis of the conducted studies, it was revealed that different norms of sorbents and peat introduction into the bore mud decreased the concentration of oil products equally well; therefore, the recommended dosage of sorbents and peat at the low initial values of oil products can be 3–5%. When introducing glauconite in a form of flour and grain there it noted that the size of grain particles of the sorbent influenced insignificantly the decrease of oil products concentration in the bore mud. The use of natural mineral sorbents and peat favorably influences the development of plants. At the same time, the formation of viable phytocenosis with high value of phytomass of vegetative over-ground sprouts takes place.

18

Wykorzystanie komponentów nawozowych do ekstrakcji substancji humusowych

Huculak-Mączka Marta, Nieweś Dominik, Braun-Giwerska Magdalena, Porwoł Marta, Marecka Kinga, Hoffmann Józef

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2020

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Vol. 14, No. 1

89--95

PL

Coraz częstsze wykorzystywanie substancji humusowych w rolnictwie, kosmetyce, suplementach diety i innych gałęziach przemysłu wymusza opracowanie najbardziej wydatnych metod pozyskiwania tych związków organicznych. Ich zawartość w gruntach rolnych jest istotnym elementem gwarantującym urodzajność gleb. Okazuje się bowiem, że stosowanie wyłącznie nawozów mineralnych na gruntach o niskiej zawartości substancji humusowych może być niewystarczające do uzyskania satysfakcjonujących plonów. Z uwagi na zasadność wzbogacania gleb w związki humusowe interesujące wydaje się uzyskanie preparatów zawierających nie tylko te organiczne struktury, ale też podstawowe makroelementy wykorzystywane przez rośliny. Przeprowadzono badania nad skutecznością ekstrakcji substancji humusowych z torfu z użyciem roztworów podstawowych składników odżywczych (NPK). Celem badań było określenie wydajności pozyskiwania frakcji kwasów huminowych z torfu, pochodzącego z północnej części Polski, w zależności od temperatury, czasu prowadzenia procesu, a także stężenia zastosowanego ekstrahenta. Modyfikacja metody zaproponowanej przez IHSS pozwala na wzbogacenie substancji humusowych w składniki nawozowe już na etapie technologii ich wytwarzania, jednocześnie eliminując wprowadzanie do gleb związków sodu i chloru.

EN

The increasing use of humic substances (HS) in agriculture, cosmetics, dietary supplements and other industries enforce using new methods of humic substances obtaining. The amount of HS in soils have an important role of their fertility. Using only mineral fertilizers for soils with low content of humic substances may be not sufficient for high yield obtaining. Due to the soils improvement with humic substances it is preferable to obtain soils improvers, that have not only humic substances but also fertilizers components. Studies about humic substances extraction using some fertilizers components solutions (NPK solutions) as extractants were done. The aim of that studies was to determine the efficiency of humic acids (HAs) extraction from peat, that was mined in the north Poland. Dependencies between efficiency of HAs obtaining and process parameters were defined. Using modification for the IHSS method of humic acids obtaining allows add fertilizers nutrients into humic substances extract at the stage of HS extraction. Due to that it is also possible to limit sodium and chlorine components introduced into the environment.

19

The Ability of Peat in Adsorption of Biogenic Elements from Water Environment

Matsuska Oksana, Suchorska Olga, Gumnitsky Jaroslaw

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 4

224--230

EN

The possibilities of using a natural sorbent – peat for the wastewater treatment of ammonium ions and phosphates discharged from runoff into natural reservoirs at high concentrations were investigated. The peat of from the Vereshchytsya-Yanovske deposit of Ukraine of two depths: lowland and upland, was studied. It was established that the lowland samples of peat have higher sorption properties to the investigated pollutants from the aquatic environment than the upland ones. A greater moisture loss in the lowland peat species was observed, as well as the major part of the plant fibers in its structure, which explains its sorption properties. Due to the high content of humic substances, the extraction of cations from the water by peat can occur due to the ion exchange. The adsorption isotherms of both ammonium and phosphate ions on the top and lowland peat species of the Vereshchytsya-Yanovske deposit were constructed and presented. The adsorption isotherm obtained in the experimental studies was used to mathematically establish the isotherm equation, using the Langmuir and Freundlich models to describe the equilibrium of the sorption processes under study. The degree of appropriation of linear equations to the experimental data was evaluated on the basis of the deterministic coefficient, which enabled to determine that in each case the Langmuir equations describe the adsorption isotherms more adequately.

20

Assessment of the efficiency of humic acids extractions with fertilizer components

Huculak-Mączka Marta, Nieweś Dominik, Braun-Giwerska Magdalena, Szopa Daniel, Tyc Aleksandra, Hoffmann Józef

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2020

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Vol. 27, nr 1-2

1--9

EN

Humic substances are widely applied in many branches of the industry. Their most well-known usage are agricultural and horticultural markets. A popular method of obtaining of mentioned compounds with satisfactory efficiency is an alkaline extraction of them from organic raw materials like peat, leonardite or lignite. The growing use of humic acids preparations is conditioned by improvement of physical, chemical and biological properties of soils. Despite that fact, the use of mineral fertilizers still dominates. Therefore, it seems interesting to produce agents containing both humic substances and traditional fertilizing elements. Such products could be applied as soil improvers. For that reason we have modified the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) method of humic substances extraction by changing types of extractants and other solutions into solutions of main macroelements (NPK) for plants. The aim of this research was to determine the efficiency of humic acids extraction from polish peat depending on process temperature, its duration and concentration of extractant.