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The growth and yielding of peach trees cultivated in ridges in irrigation conditions

Gudarowska E., Szewczuk A., Czaplicka-Pędzich M.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

2017

nr II/1

567--576

The aim of the research conducted in the conditions of Lower Silesia in the years 2012-2016 was to evaluate the growth and yielding of young peach trees cultivated in ridges with drip irrigation. The experiment concerned the flat-fruit peach trees, cultivar Saturn on the Manchurian peach tree seedling, planted in the spring of 2012 in the spacing 4.0 x 1.5 m. In each year the shortage of rainfall was observed, as compared to the years 1997-2000. During the vegetation period, the deficiencies were from - 7.3 mm up to - 221.7 mm. The insufficient amount of rainfall was accompanied by the rise of the mean air temperature in the vegetation period by 0.5 - 1.7°C. In the orchard, the drip irrigation in the form of stippling tape T-Tape TSX515-50-380 was applied, with the emitters every 50 cm and the expenditure of 3.8 l per metre in 1 hour. The humidity measurements were being taken from the beginning of May until the end of July with the use of Watermark probes, testing the sucking power of soil at the depth of 20 cm. The irrigation started when the water potential of soil was 30 kPa. During the 4 years, the total yield per hectare from the irrigated trees was by 5 t bigger than in the case of the trees that had not been irrigated. The irrigated trees cultivated in ridges had a tendency to more intensive radial growth. As far as the radial increase is concerned, statistically significant differences were noticed between the autumn of 2012 and the autumn of 2016. The application of irrigation also stimulated the elongation but only in the first two years of cultivation. The mean rate of proliferacy for the 4 years of fruiting was higher in the case of irrigated trees.

Effect of the forecast climate change on the peach tree water requirements in the Bydgoszcz region

Rolbiecki S., Piszczek P.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

2016

nr IV/3

1499--1508

The aim of the present research has been an attempt at evaluating the water requirements of peach trees over 2016-2050 in the Bydgoszcz region drawing on the forecast changes in temperature. The paper draws on the forecasting of mean monthly temperature for the Bydgoszcz region in 2011-2050 according to the climate change scenario for Poland SRES: A1B (Bąk, Łabędzki 2014). The water requirements of the peach tree have been determined based on the indispensable precipitation determined by Kemmer and Schulz. The water requirements were calculated for the period January through December and May through September for each year in the 35-year period (2016-2050). The reference period was made up by a 35-year period immediately preceding it (1981-2015). In 2016-2050 in the Bydgoszcz region, in the light of the forecast scenarios of changes in temperature, one should expect an increase in water requirements of the peach tree. Determined according to the Kemmer and Schulz method, the required optimal annual (January-December) precipitation will increase for peach from 486 mm to 612 mm (by 126 mm, which accounts for 26%). The optimal precipitation time variation trend equations show that in the reference period (1981-2015), calculated based on the Kemmer and Schulz number, the optimal annual precipitation was increasing in the peach tree in each pentad by 4.4-4.8 mm. In the forecast period (2016-2050) the water requirements of the peach tree will be increasing in each pentad in a greater range - from 6.4 to 7.2 mm. In the summer period (May-September) determined by Kemmer and Schulz, expressing water requirements, the total precipitation optimal for the peach tree in 2016-2050 will increase by 63 mm.