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1

Prototype Stand for Determining Quantities of Gasification Products of Polystyrene Model

Jureczko Michał, Bartocha D.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, iss. 4

15--20

EN

Disposable foundry models constitute an increasingly important role in a unitary large-size foundry. These models have many benefits, but technologies using such materials require an understanding of degradation kinetics at the time of filling. The studies presented in the article determine the size of the polystyrene combustion products used for disposable foundry models. The results were obtained by carrying out the combustion process of the polystyrene model in a special combustion chamber, in different configurations. The pressures generated during thermal degradation vary depending on process parameters such as model density or the use of an additional adhesive binder. The results of laboratory tests may suggest what values of pressure are generated when filling in full-mold and lost foam technologies. The studies provide a prelude to further analysis of materials used for disposable foundry models and quantitative evaluation of their thermal degradation products for computer simulation.

2

Casting of Al-Si alloys in the full-mould technology. Process conditions

Mocek J., Zych J., Krubnik Ł.

Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 40, no. 3

161--174

EN

A review of various technologies using expendable casting patterns made of expanded polystyrene isgiven in the paper.The resultsof our own investigations on implementing this technology at the pilot-plant scale - for the art castings series - were presented. The results of tests of materials and moulds applied in the full-mould technology were shown. Gas evolution tendencies of expanded polystyrenes and protective coatings were estimated. Gas evolutions were described as functions of the polystyrene heating temperature. The tests of protective coatings used in this technology were performed and strength (Rm), permeability (P), and gas evolution tendency of these coatings assessed. New solutions developed by the team of researchers were applied in testing coating strength, permeability, and the gas evolution tendency of expanded polystyrene. A good correlation between the results of coating properties and the obtained casting quality was found. Coatings, which were characterised by higher strengths and better permeability, allowed us to produce castings without surface or inner faults.

PL

Dynamiczny rozwój produkcji odlewów w technologii „pełnej formy" wymaga szybkiej optymalizacji procesu technologicznego dla nowych kształtów odlewów. Wykonanie dobrych odlewów wymaga starannego doboru odpowiednich materiałów formierskich. W tym celu zaproponowano metodykę pomiarową dla wybranych, podstawowych parametrów materiałów formierskich. Określono wytrzymałość powłokochronnych Rm, przepuszczalność powłok i gazotwórczość styropianu, jak również zaproponowano zmodyfikowaną wersję badań gazotwórczości materiałów dla modeli stosowanych w technologii„lost foam". Określono kinetykę wydzielania gazów w funkcji temperatury dla wybranej grupy spienionych polistyrenów. Stwierdzono dobrą korelację pomiędzy wytrzymałością i przepuszczalnością a uzyskiwaniem dobrych („zdrowych") odlewów. Powłoki cechujące się wysoką wytrzymałością i przepuszczalnością pozwalają na produkcję odlewów bez wad. Potwierdzono to, wykonując serię próbnych odlewów ze stopu Al-SI.

3

Gas Atmosphere Formed in Casting by Full Mold Process

Mocek J., Chojecki A.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2014

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Vol. 59, iss. 3

1045--1049

EN

A test mold was designed to investigate the full mold process. Pressure changes in a gap developing between the pattern made of foamed polystyrene and the raising column of liquid alloy were determined. Studies were conducted pouring molds with cast iron and with AK11 silumin. It was found that pressure is significantly higher in the case of cast iron, due to a higher rate of pattern decomposition and more advanced dissociation of hydrocarbons. The increase in pressure was observed to have no significant effect on changes in the pouring rate as it was compensated by higher metallostatic pressure. The increase of pressure occurs immediately after the start of pouring, it reaches a maximum and then stabilizes or decreases smoothly as a result of the drop in metallostatic pressure. The temperature of pouring has a significant effect on the decomposition rate of hydrocarbons evolving from the metal. During pouring of cast iron, the presence of hydrogen was revealed. It was particularly evident across the gas-permeable coating, where the concentration has exceeded 40%. Hydrogen precipitation was accompanied by an evolution on the casting surface of considerable amounts of pyrolytic carbon. It was found that gases forming in the gap were totally free from oxygen.

PL

Zaprojektowano próbną formę do badania procesu full mold. Określono zmiany ciśnienia w szczelinie powstającej pomiędzy styrodurowym modelem a podnoszącym się ciekłym stopem. Badania prowadzono przy zalewaniu form żeliwem oraz siluminem AK11. Stwierdzono, że ciśnienie to jest znacznie wyższe w przypadku żeliwa, co wynika z większej szybkości rozpadu modelu i dalej posuniętej dysocjacji węglowodorów. Wzrost ciśnienia nie powoduje jednak istotnej zmiany szybkości zalewania, ponieważ jest on kompensowany wyższym ciśnieniem metalostatycznym. Wzrost ciśnienia następuje bezpośrednio po rozpoczęciu zalewania, osiąga ono maksimum poczem stabilizuje się lub łagodnie maleje w wyniku zmniejszania ciśnienia metalostatycznego. Temperatura zalewania ma istotny wpływ na stopień rozpadu, wydzielających się z modelu węglowodorów. Przy zalewaniu żeliwa stwierdzono obecność wodoru. Jest ona widoczna zwłaszcza po drugiej stronie powłoki gazoprzepuszczalnej gdzie stężenie sięga powyżej 40%. Wydzielaniu wodoru towarzyszy wydzielanie się na powierzchni odlewu, znacznych ilości pyrolitycznego węgla. Stwierdzono, że gazy tworzące szczelinę są całkowicie wolne od tlenu.

4

The lost foam process in pilot castings plattes

Żółkiewicz Z., Żółkiewicz M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 9, iss. 2

143-146

EN

The paper discusses the process of thermal evaporation of a foundry pattern. At several research-development centres, studies have been carried out to examine the physico-chemical phenomena that take place in foundry mould filled with polystyrene pattern when it is poured with molten metal. In the technique of evaporative patterns, the process of mould filling with molten metal (the said mould holding inside a polystyrene pattern) is interrelated with the process of thermal decomposition of this pattern. The process of polystyrene pattern evaporation in foundry mould under the effect of molten metal is of a very complex nature and depends on many different factors, still not fully investigated. The technology of evaporative patterns was used in manufacture of pilot castings of the high abrasion resistance plates. The material and the properties of the resultant castings were determined by the customer (patent protection). At the beginning of the studies, the properties of the pattern material were determined, patterns were assembled, the properties of the ceramic layer were determined as well as the technique of its preparation and application. The technique of molten metal feeding to the mould cavity was examined along with the parameters of the gating and feeding system, and casting cooling and solidification conditions (large contraction, shrinkage cavities and depressions).