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1

Selected vehicle emission assessment issues in passenger transport services

Pryciński Piotr, Wawryszczuk Róża, Korzeb Jarosław, Pielecha Piotr, Murawski Jakub

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 4

14--22

EN

The paper presents an analytical method for determining the pollutant emission of transport modes, based on emission indicators for various vehicle types and statistical data. The method developed enables the determination of the emission of various vehicle types without the need to carry out tests on real vehicles. The purpose of this paper is to compare the vehicle emission results obtained using the developed analytical method with the real-world results obtained in RDE tests based on a case study, i.e. an analysis of the emission of passenger transport modes in Warsaw. The paper contains a summary of the results of measurements and calculations, as well as an analysis of potential areas of application for the developed analytical method.

2

Reduction of CO2 emission as a result of the use of 48-volt electrical installationsin passenger cars

Kozyra Jacek, Łukasik Zbigniew, Kuśmińska-Fijałkowska Aldona, Janota Aleš

Archives of Transport

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2023

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Vol. 66, iss. 2

7--20

EN

The introduction of a new standard of 48-volt electrical systems in cars comes at an additional cost to the vehicle. Acceptance of these costs is justified because it becomes a way to achieve lower CO2 emissions and lower fuel consumption. An important factor in favor of adopting 48-volt systems is the reduction in CO2 due to the use of a highly efficient 48-volt motor-generator unit coupled to a DC/DC converter. A methodology for testing new solutions to quantify CO2 savings and reductions therefore becomes crucial. This methodology must be capable of demonstrating the CO2 benefits primarily of the innovative technology proven in real-world driving conditions and with a large amount of realistic statistical data. The introduction of new eco-innovations must take into account the linkage and impact on other environmentally oriented ecoinnovative solutions. When implementing new technical solutions, a necessary aspect is the interaction with other innovations installed in vehicles with new electrical installation standards. Therefore, for the expected synergy of solutions to occur, two or more innovative technologies must be installed. Then the combined savings from one of them will affect the performance of the other technologies, and vice versa. The new technology of a high-efficiency 48-volt motor-generator unit cooperating with a 48V/12V DC/DC converter fits very well in creating interactions with other implemented solutions aimed at reducing CO2 emissions. The article discusses the problems of the introduced new technology of a high-efficiency 48-volt motor-generator unit cooperating with a 48V/12V DC/DC converter. The publication analyzes the impact of in creasing the voltage rating of current passenger car installations to 48V. Based on the methodology for determining the reduction of CO2 emissions of a vehicle with a 48V/12V DC/DC voltage converter installed, the mass of fuel per unit of engine operation time was determined. The amount of fuel saved was determined, and CO2 emission reductions were calculated for the three adopted passenger vehicles tested.

3

Identification of factors that differentiate motor vehicles that have experienced wear or failure of brake system components during the warranty service period

Sliż Piotr, Wycinka Ewa

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2021

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Vol. 23, no. 3

430--442

EN

The paper focuses on issues related to selected automotive brakes with the aim of applying the proposed methodology to other structural systems of this type. The main aim of the paper is to identify the factors that differentiate the course of wear and occurrence of a fault in brake system components of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles during the warranty service period. The following methods were used in this study: systematic literature review, process analysis, and descriptive and inferential statistics, including analysis of variance and multiple classification analysis. As a result of an analysis of 295 brake system repairs, six differentiating factors that allowed for ex post analysis of the repairs were identified. An analysis of the interaction of these factors made it possible to distinguish three groups of motor vehicles depending on the cause of failure of the braking system. Based on the data generated in the warranty process, it is possible to determine the factors that differentiate the occurrence of a fault and the course of brake disc and pad wear.

4

Influence of the Size and Distribution of Load on the Damping Coefficient of Shock Absorbers in Passenger Vehicles

Gonera Jarosław

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2020

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Vol. 14, no 4

185--194

EN

This paper analyses the changes in the values of the damping coefficient of shock absorbers, depending on the size and distribution of loads in passenger vehicles. The tests were conducted in two stages. During the first stage, the influence of the size of a load in vehicles, and changes in the tyre pressure values on the damping coefficient of shock absorbers was defined. During the second stage, the influence of the changes of the damping coefficient of shock absorbers was researched, depending on the size and distribution of load in passenger vehicles with various suspension systems of front and rear axles, different kerb weights, lengths and wheel bases. Eight variants of load distribution in vehicles were tested. The evaluation of the damping coefficient of shock absorbers was conducted with the EUSAMA method. This paper identified the sizes and distribution of loads in the vehicles of varied structural parameters and tyre pressures on the damping coefficient values of shock absorbers. The test results indicate that when using a vehicle under varied load conditions, there are changes in the damping coefficient of shock absorbers. This may translate directly into the traction characteristics and stability of a vehicle while travelling, and this, in turn, is connected with the vehicle safety. This paper shows the considerable influence of the tyre pressure on the EUSAMA coefficient. The changes in the vehicle loads also influenced the values of the damping coefficient of shock absorbers. The changes in the damping coefficient of shock absorbers were also influenced by the size and distribution of loads in vehicles.

5

Characteristics of unit emissions "e j" of toxic compounds in vehicles

Ubysz A.

Journal of KONES

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2010

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Vol. 17, No. 4

537-546

EN

This study presents the proposal for calculations of overall characteristics of unit HC emissions from passenger whicles. Inspiration for the project was derived from the author 's own research and the research works by the selected centres, both in Poland and abroad. Overall, (static) characteristics, with maps of unit emissions of HC, CO and NOx were employed as a basis. This assumption is based on different profiles of fuel consumption and emissions in driving and non-driving phases. In calculations for driving conditions, static overall characteristics of unit emissions were complemented with characteristics of changes in DeltaHC, DeltaCO and DeltaNOx for non-stationary engine working conditions. The author based on the results obtained by other authors has already developed these partial characteristics. Development of reliable characteristics requires implementation of expensive research program (in cooperation with main research centres in Poland), which will require changes in a leading control parameter. In particular, uncorrected, corrected, dynamic correction maps for emissions of HC, examples of dynamic characteristics for emissions from vehicles, characteristics of HC emissions for 5 run-up phases in higher gears and engine braking, numbers for vehicle driving and non-driving phases considered in calculations, coverage of operation field for the engine, static overall characteristics of unit HC emissions, effect of equivalence ratio on performance of three-way catalytic exhaust converter are presented in the paper.

6

Trends in the european legislation on LDV pollutant emissions

Merkisz J., Radzimirski S.

Silniki Spalinowe

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2008

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R. 47, nr 3

13-23

EN

The article presents current European homologation legislation regarding LDV emissions (as of 31.10.2008). New legislation of the European Union: Euro 5 and Euro 6, that will be implemented in years to come, is also presented. The system of emission compliance supervision, permissible values and measurement methodology have been discussed. Trends in the development of the above legislations in Europe have been presented.

PL

W artykule omówiono obecnie obowiązujące przepisy homologacyjne dotyczące emisji zanieczyszczeń z samochodów osobowych i dostawczych w Europie (według stanu na 31.10.2008 r.). Przedstawiono także nowe przepisy Unii Europejskiej: Euro 5 i Euro 6, które będą stopniowo wprowadzane w najbliższych latach. Omówiono system kontroli zgodności z wymaganiami w zakresie emisji zanieczyszczeń, wartości dopuszczalne oraz metody pomiarów. Przedstawiono tendencje rozwoju tych przepisów w Europie.