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Rola dolin rzecznych w średniowiecznym paśmie obronnym Jury Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej

Uruszczak M.

Architektura Krajobrazu

2010

nr 1

50--54

Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska constitutes one of the greatest centres of stronghold buildings in Poland. Such objects appeared in this area from the beginning of human settlement. Proof of that can be seen in fortification traces in Murek Cave, on Gotebiec Rock or in walls of a dwelling from the Lusatian culture in Udorz. The landscape, of huge differences in relative heights and water meadows, which occurs in many regions, is conducive to creating fortified buildings which, situated in naturally defensive places, apart from giving active protection were also efficient in passive protection. Medieval times prove by their remains that commonness of militaris architecture is one of the characteristics which distinguish them. Constant threat to the borders and frequent political, social and technical changes bought about perfection in borderland protection. The king who hugely administered to the increased protection of the Polish borders was Casimir III the Great. Within limits of military strategy, he personally founded many castles and watchtowers that were mentioned by the chronicler Jan Dtugosz. Many of Jura's objects are not only extremely valuable but also very picturesque examples of Polish architecture. The castle in Pieskowa Skała, in Podzamcze or Wawel - the royal castle in Cracow - are called icons and pearls of Polish architecture. The Jura area, as a pioneering one, was included into a programme of natural and landscape values protection, in reserves like for example Dolina Ojcowska, or protection of singular elements in the form of nature monuments.