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An Overview of Particle Agglomeration Techniques to Waste Utilization

Borowski Gabriel

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2021

Vol. 22, nr 9

263--271

Particulate materials and waste from industrial processes are troublesome in storage, transport and utilization, mainly due to their large volume and dusting. Therefore, originally the main reason for developing the agglomeration processes was to eliminate the afore-mentioned disadvantages. However, the modifications introduced to the merging processes of materials enabled obtaining a new type of products widely used in various applications. For the agglomeration of the inorganic materials, often containing hazardous substances, the disposal and transformation technologies are available for the safe products that can be used, for example, in civil engineering and construction. In turn, the agglomeration of the materials containing organic substances or fine coal, producing alternative fuels for energy recovery. Obviously, the combustion of these fuels results in a subsequent generation of waste in the form of bottom and fly ash, but they can be successfully further agglomerated to produce more valuable products. The numerous examples of the use of various agglomeration techniques to complete utilization of fine grains was shown. An additional effect of the agglomeration processes was also the fulfilment of the economy criteria, which matches with the principles of sustainable development of the environment. Supporting by worldwide literature, the selected agglomeration techniques were discussed, such as: solidification, granulation, extrusion, briquetting, as well as post-agglomeration high-temperature processing.

Submicron particles emission control by electrostatic agglomeration

Krupa A., Jaworek A., Marchewicz A., Sobczyk A. T., Czech T., Antes T., Śliwiński Ł., Ottawa A., Szudyga M., Charcalis A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

2017

R. 93, nr 2

237--241

Electrostatic precharger/agglomerator based on AC electric field charging principle is presented in this paper. The device is formed by a set of two discharge electrodes separated by a set of two parallel grids placed at both sides of each discharge electrode. The particles are charged by ionic current emitted by the discharge electrodes and flow in transversal alternating electric field generated by the grids. Because of oscillatory motion of the particles, particles of different mobilities can collide and coagulate. Number collection efficiency of PM2.5 particles was higher than 93%.

W artykule przedstawiono elektryzator/aglomerator zbudowany na bazie elektryzatora przemiennonapięciowego. Urządzenie składa się z dwóch zestawów elektrod wyładowczych oddzielonych dwiema równoległymi siatkami umieszczonymi po obu stronach elektrod wyładowczych. Przepływające cząstki są ładowane prądem jonowym emitowanym z elektrod wyładowczych w poprzecznym zmiennym polu elektrycznym. Cząstki poruszające się ruchem oscylacyjnym zderzają się i koagulują. Skuteczność oczyszczania cząstek PM 2.5 jest większa od 93%

Particle agglomeration in flow modelled with molecular dynamics coupled to a thermal Lattice Boltzmann code

Jiménez J. F. C.

TASK Quarterly : scientific bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk

2013

Vol. 17, No 3-4

181--213

Particle agglomeration can arise naturally (e.g. dust, salt) or as a result of industrial activities and/or combustion processes (e.g. spray drying, particle flame synthesis). The process itself and its mechanisms are important for many applications since the physical properties of the final structures are mainly determined by the composition, number, diameter and geometric arrangement of their constituent primary particles. Thus, knowing and controlling the extent of agglomeration meets a growing interest in environmental and industrial concerns. The objective of the paper is to develop a simulation model of particles suspended in a flowing fluid using MD simulations coupled to a Lattice Boltzmann (LB) solver. These simulations allowed determining the agglomerate transport and deposition rates depending on the flow conditions and agglomerate structure and understanding the relationship between agglomerate characteristics (i.e. growth kinetics and morphology) and their behavior in a flow field. Two systems of 2000 and 1000 particles were simulated at 300 K and 600 K both of them in a known fluid. Simulations using a Langevin thermostat were also performed to compare with the LB thermostat. This allowed quantifying the influence of the fluid flow on the agglomeration process and agglomerate properties. In further applications, this will help to a priori tailor the flow conditions to achieve a desired aggregate morphology. As a result, reasonable aggregate morphologies were achieved. One of the main conclusions is that taking into account the fluid flow (LB solver) the agglomeration process of the particles is notably accelerated in comparison to the Langevin simulations. One of the main implications of this work could be the possibility of using a known fluid to accelerate an aglomeration process given a suitable fluid and to find a desirable configuration of agglomerates. Another conclusion is that the agglomeration process is sensitive to the temperature variation and that the number of particles in the system influences the final configuration of agglomerates in LB simulations.