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The condition of participatory planning in Serbia and how it can be improved

Vajović M.

Challenges of Modern Technology

2017

Vol. 8, no. 3

8--12

Participatory planning theory, as a system of planning which is sensitive to the aspirations of citizens and protects public interest and values, is present in Serbian planning practice for more than a decade. It has legal basis and methodology modeled on global experience, but it is still very much reactionary model - thus it failed to fulfil its primary purpose, which is to include the citizens in the planning process from the very beginning. This article will address the current overview of the planning process in Serbia. It will briefly explain the legislative framework of public participation in spatial development, the steps in plan drafting process in which citizens are included and the political background of this process. It is important to mention the existing models of informing citizens and show why they work so poorly. It will also give a brief overview on the structure and work of the committee for approval of the plans. This summarizing of the current situation will show the problem of indifference of citizens to engage in the planning process as a coherent group with problems, visions and goals about their city. It will also address inadequate models of informing the citizens and almost non-existing models of active participation of citizens in the planning process. Besides the review of the current state, this article will feature a description of participation techniques from a literature review on the subject of participatory planning that can be applied in Serbia. Shifting the scale from national to municipality level, this article will also depict the opportunities and administrative constraints when it comes to drafting a spatial plan on a local scale, on the example of municipality of Požega. This is one of the rare examples of good practice when it comes to the communication of municipality and its inhabitants involved in the planning process.

Urban Mentoring jako nowa technika współpracy w procesie planowania partycypacyjnego

Rembarz G., Martyniuk-Pęczek J.

Biuletyn Komitetu Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN

2016

No 264

119--146

Planowanie partycypacyjne uznaje się, zgodnie ze współczesnym paradygmatem rozwoju miast europejskich, za istotne narzędzie zarządzania, którego głównym celem jest generowanie endogenicznych potencjałów wzrostu społeczno-gospodarczego. Temat poprawy jakości przestrzeni publicznej w czterech dzielnicach Gdańska, posłużył jako wyzwanie dla próby przełamania nieefektywnej, polskiej praktyki w partycypacyjnym planowaniu miejskim. Uczestnictwo w dialogu publicznym upoważnia osoby do podjęcia pozytywnej i konstruktywnej postawy w planowaniu. Wskutek luk komunikacyjnych, wynikających z asymetrii wiedzy i doświadczenia, dochodzi często do konfl iktów, utraty porozumienia, manipulacji [Carmona et al. 2010]. Tej problematyce, wsparcia procesu niwelowania barier komunikacyjnych w realizacji partycypacyjnego modelu planowania miast, poświęcony został zrealizowany w latach 2014-15 projekt badawczo- -wdrożeniowy (QV) Quo vadis Gdańsku? Mieszkańcy planują swoje miasto. W pracy opisano mentoring urbanistyczny (MU) – innowacyjną technikę uspołecznienia planowania miejskiego. Nowy model pracy ze społecznością dzielnic miejskich, opracowany został z myślą o wzmocnieniu ich kompetencji niezbędnych do partnerskiego udziału w publicznej debacie nad miastem. W tekście zawarto odniesienia do uwarunkowań i wyzwań polskiej rzeczywistości planistycznej z odwołaniem do znanej zagranicznej praktyki. Zastosowanie modelu zilustrowano na przykładzie wyników uzyskanych w czterech dzielnicach Gdańska. Podsumowanie zawiera refl eksję na temat możliwości szerszych zastosowań.

A decade of experience in implementation of numerous urban modernization projects in Poland resulted in a lively debate on socialization of the planning process, in which the matter of the public space quality has become the center of gravity. In those years, transformation from the classic administrative model of „bureaucracy planning” to the model of „management planning” has not been complete. The socialist primacy of the public interest in planning has been replaced by a neoliberal, progressive privatization of the public space and of the urban functions, which in reality means dominance of strong private investors’ interests over the local community. The modern National Urban Policy adopted in Poland in 2015 introduces legal bases for corrective reforms of the system, allowing the next step – entering the next phase of building another participative model of city management. This important political decision aimed at introduction of the rules allowing realization of modern developmental concepts, i. e. Smart City, faces numerous barriers associated with too low competencies of building a social consensus based on modern urban planning knowledge. The article describes experience gained through implementation of the Quo vadis Gdańsk? The residents plan their city project involving participatory, strategic planning for improvement of the of the public space quality in the districts Gdańsk. The innovative technique of co-operation between the planners and the local community – urban mentoring – has been an answer to the major contemporary need for modern methods of cohering (balancing) the knowledge about cities. Finding the middle ground between the primacy of public good and the private capital gain allows development of a predictable and reliable situation, lowering of the investment risk, prevention of destructive speculative practices. Urban mentoring facilitates formation of the platforms of permanent and satisfactory compromise for all the parties involved, based on conciliatory co-operation of the urban planning process’ participants. A reflection on the possibilities of applying the results of planning using the above mentioned technique for creative co-operation of the public sector with the local entrepreneurs and with external private investors constitutes the summary.