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Parki francuskich projektantów - współrealizatorów idei Haussmanna

Baster P.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

2010

R. 107, z. 5-A

133-139

Paryż do dziś określany jest jako "miasto parków i ogrodów". Prócz niewątpliwego wpływu na takie miano królewskich ogrodów barokowych, olbrzymie zasługi należy przypisać baronowi Georges Haussmannowi. Współrealizatorami idei barona Haussmanna w zakresie tworzenia systemu zieleni miejskiej był Jean Alphand, współpracownik tegoż - ogrodnik Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps, a później nieco młodszy architekt Edouard Andre. Zaprojektowane przez nich parki, między innymi: Buttes-Chaumont, Montsouris czy Monceau, podobnie jak całe zamierzenie planistyczne, były realizacją najnowszych osiągnięć cywilizacyjnych oraz aktualnych idei projektowych w sferze kształtowania zieleni.

Untill today Paris is called "city of parks and gardens". There is no doubt, among other things it is caused by royal baroque gardens, but the activity of the baron Georges Haussmann is also very important. Speaking about green belt and verdure in the city, the executors of the Haussmann's idea were Jean Alphand, his co-worker gardener Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps, and a bit later - younger architect Edouard Andre. Among others, parks Buttes-Chaumont, Montsouris and Monceau were designed by them. As in the whole rebuilding, in theese parks the last things and the latest ideas of the landscape designing were realized. Although they were located in the not attractive area of the suburbs of Paris, they enchant till now by the beauty of the nature and architectural elements.

Zieleń w kształtowaniu przestrzeni współczesnego miasta

Solarek K.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

2004

R. 101, z. 2-A

267--278

A conference subject provokes to discuss the sense of "town in the city" existing. To analyze this problem the idea of Gorynski is worth quoting. It says that city's space must be divided into three categories, without any rest, it means for private zones, social (group's) zones and public zones. This is so not only possibility, but even necessity of these three categories coexistence in the contemporary cities, and each of them has its own rules and requirements. In the consequence of this theory - we shouldn't protest against the idea of "towns in the cities", it means, against closed areas like malls, housing estates or... parks. The only problem is the quality of these "cities in the cities" - their scale and the kind of the borders between different categories of space - private, social and public. It is not favorable for city's shape if some social (group's) space plays the role of the public space (for example a big shopping and advertisement mall center attracting thousands of clients through days and nights, seven days a week). It happens always, when they are too big, but also when there is a lack of good public space in the city. We judge the city's quality looking at its public spaces, so on their shape, attractive, continuity and cultural role depends so much. Coexistence of enumerated categories of city spaces can be observed on the examples of greenery in the city. It' characteristic and also park's role in city's public space modeling is supported by contemporary park's realizations. Some possibilities of public spaces and parks connections will be illustrated on the examples from Paris, Barcelona and Berlin, with some more details describing one of French parks - Bercy ("Les Jardins de Memoir"). This park was designed in 1997 by the architects: M. Ferrand, J.P. Feugas, B. Leroy, J.P.Buffi and landscape architects: I. Le Caisne i P. Raguin. It is situated in the area of previous wine warehouses and plants, very close to the Bercy Sport Center (Palais Omnisports de Paris Bercy). It changed the image of the city decidedly. One can find here rich plants and architectural details, silence and beauty - it is really the "town in the city".