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Influence of disability type on upper-limb motor skills

Tokarski T., Roman-Liu D.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2016

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Vol. 22, No. 4

463--472

EN

This study was carried out in order to determine the effect of physical disability (paraplegia) and sensory disability (deafness) on motor skills of the upper limbs. Studies were distinguished by two parameters: the nature of the control curve (sine or random) and the magnitude of the isometric force exerted on the lever (10 N, 20 N, 40 N, 80 N). A comparison of the quality of manual force control in a visual detection task among groups of people with sensory disability (deaf), people with physical disability (paraplegic) and people without disability showed differences among those groups. Values of force above 20 N create conditions of lower quality of control and of direction of force exertion outside the body. At the same time, the study proved that people with some types of disability can perform certain work tasks as effectively as people without disability.

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Isometric Pull and Push Strengths of Paraplegics in the Workspace: 2. Statistical Analysis of Spatial Factors

Das B., Black N. L.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2000

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Vol. 6, No. 1

67-80

EN

The effect of reach levels, horizontal angles, and vertical angles on isometric pull and push strengths of male and female was determined. Highly significant increases in men’s push strength were found between extreme to maximum reaches, and from extreme to normal reaches. However, for women’s push strength, a significant increase was found only between extreme to maximum reach. Significant or highly significant increases were found in men’s and women’s pull strength between the horizontal angle (0) sagittal through the active shoulder (90°) and other angles (0, 45, and 135°). However, for men’s push strength, highly significant increases were found between the horizontal angle 45° from the frontal plane, and other angles. For women’s push strength, significant or highly significant increases were found between the horizontal angles 0° and angles of 90 and 135°. For men’s and women’s pull strength, significant or highly significant increases were found between the vertical angle (), 90°, and other angles (-20, 0, and 45°). Similar increases were found for women’s push strength between the 45° angle and other angles. In the design of a workstation for paraplegics that requires pull and push forces, consideration must be given to the spatial factors.

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Isometric Pull and Push Strengths of Paraplegics in the Workspace: 1. Strength Measurement Profiles

Das B., Black N. L.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2000

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Vol. 6, No. 1

47--65

EN

The isometric strength profiles of male and female paraplegics were determined for pull and push strengths in the normal, maximum, and extreme working reach envelopes. A computerized isometric strength measurement system was designed and constructed for the purpose. The strongest pull location was at extreme reach vertically above the shoulder and the strength values for males and females were 473 and 318 newtons (N), respectively. The strongest push location was at maximum reach, at vertical ($) angle of 45° and at horizontal (6) angle of 45° for males and at 0° for women and the strength values were 235 and 172 N, respectively. The nature of the strength profiles was found to be similar for both the sexes. The pull and push strengths of the female were 77 and 68% that of the male, respectively.