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EN
Various methods are known to mitigate or prevent scale formation in pipes, rather by chemical addition, e.g., anti-scaling substances, or physically which includes ultrasonic or nanofiltration (NF). Nanofiltration membranes have a selectivity for the multivalent charged ions, so monovalent ions will pass the membrane partly and multivalent ions will be rejected completely. Chemical addition to prevent scale formation is based on justifying water parameters such as pH, alkalinity, and concentrations of ions that form the building units of scale crystal. In order to mitigate the scaling tendency in water pumped from the Disi aquifer to Amman city along its 345 km pipeline, different studies were conducted using simulated plumbing system. This part of the study is concerned with scale mitigation using nanofiltration and addition of chemicals. Nanofiltration was applied to reduce the hardness that causes scale deposition where it rejected around 70.5% of Ca2+, 71.98% Mg2+, 7.72% K+, 29.0% Na+, 66.63% Cl–, 86.51% NO3 – , 85.72% SO4 2–, and 69.85% CO2. Increasing the concentration of some ions such as Na+, K+ and Cl– keeping the allowable limit gave good results for scale mitigation.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wybrane elementy zadania badawczego zrealizowanego w ramach projektu „OHT Inteligentny Optymalizator HVAC w funkcji potencjału tworzenia THM na basenach krytych – nowa metoda zarządzania energią elektryczną i ciepłem dopasowująca na bieżąco sterowanie wentylacją, ogrzewaniem, chłodzeniem (HVAC) do stężeń rakotwórczych chlorowcopochodnych metanu takich jak trihalometany (THM) oraz ich usuwania z basenów krytych. Program Operacyjny Inteligentny Rozwój 2014 – 2020”. Autorzy skupili się na przedstawieniu projektu naczynia analitycznego do odwzorowania w małej skali obiegu wody basenowej z wyłączeniem układu filtracji i dezynfekcji.
EN
The article presents selected elements of the research task realized within the project „OHT Intelligent HVAC Optimizer as a function of the THM potential for indoor swimming pools – a new method of electricity and heat management that adjusts ventilation, heating and cooling control (HVAC) to carcinogenic chlorogenic hydrocarbon concentrations such as like THMs and their removal from indoor pools. Operational Program Intelligent Development 2014 – 2020”. The authors focused on presenting the design of an analytical system for reproduction of the pool water circulation in a small scale, excluding the filtration and disinfection system.
PL
Laborant energicznie wstrząsa kolbą, usuwa korek i wącha. Po pewnym czasie nabiera do ust odpowiednią ilość wody, przetrzymuje ją kilka sekund i nic nie połykając, usuwa... Pracownicy laboratorium Dąbrowskich Wodociągów, nazywani przez dziennikarzy sommelierami, od kilku lat badają wodę w zakresie smaku i zapachu.
PL
Opisano metodę korygowania właściwości wody w układach ciepłowniczych na podstawie badań próbek osadów pobranych z rur układu ciepłowniczego miasta Zielona Góra. Badanie próbek osadów wykonano na Uniwersytecie Zielonogórskim.
EN
A method of correcting water parameters in district heating systems is described basing on studies of sediment samples obtained from pipes of a system in the town Zielona Gora. The study has been carried out at the University of Zielona Gora.
PL
Wraz z zaostrzeniem się przepisów dotyczących jakości wody przeznaczonej do spożycia, na Stacji Uzdatniania Wody „Czaniec" zaczęto całoroczne dawkowanie koagulanta. Prowadzone badania pokazały, że możliwe jest zastosowanie alternatywnych środków chemicznych w celu osiągnięcia parametrów mętności wody uzdatnionej jak przy stosowaniu siarczanu glinu, jednocześnie zmniejszając dawkowanie koagulantów badanych.
EN
Taking a decision about a modification of elements making up the ecosystem requires thorough knowledge about the manipulated system and predicting all possible results of such interference. Turning back the effects of anthropopression demands taking immediate action not only within the lake basin in the form of technological remediation measures. Primarily, these should be protective action, involving the organization of water supply and sewage disposal in the basin and (which is much more difficult) reduction of biogenic substance flow to the lake. Remediation ventures have been applied throughout the world, not always with success. They are thought to be risky, long-term and demanding considerable financial outlays. For this reason, they must be carefully planned by a team of experts and conducted under permanent supervision. The article presents effects of restoration of lake Jelonek based on the analysis of water quality parameters. The lake has been completely degraded and reached the saprotrophic state due to discharge of domestic wastewater from the neighbouring living estate, and of agricultural. The lakes restoration was initiated by dosing of coagulants for sediment. The aim of the study carried out was the analysis of selected physical and chemical indicators in the waters of the lake Jelonek in Gniezno. In water samples taken from three points following parameters were determined: temperature, pH, nitrogen, nitrates, nitrites, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus and phosphates. Measurements were conducted since October 2010 till may 2011, regularly once a month. The water was taken in the current on depth of 20 cm. The temperature and pH of the water were characteristic for the studied seasons and had no significant impact on the content of nutrients. The result of carrying out restoration lakes and tributary pollution mitigation procedures was to reduce the amount of nitrite and total phosphorus. Treatments conducted on lake Jelonek not bring the expected improvement in terms of total nitrogen content, nitrate and phosphate.
EN
The quality of products and regular work of technological processes in a different range of industry e.g. power industry, electronic, chemical and heat engineering depends on quality of operating water. Water demineralization processes can be realized on ionexchangers or membrane techniques, for example reverse osmosis. Conventional methods of removal residual salinity cause forming postregeneration sewage. Electrodeionization levels defects of this technological system. The received results of basce research apply to conductivity, resistivity of product and limiting current density. Control of these parameters for ultrapure water is not simple. It is necessary that measurements are very exact. Electrodeionization is process that causes water is very purify though Iow value of applied electrical current.
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