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1

Physicochemical and isotopical characterization of groundwater in the basin of Guelma, North-East of Algeria

Benmarce Kaddour, Khanchoul Kamel

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2019

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no. 42

33--41

EN

Water quality is an important criterion for evaluating the suitability of water for drinking and domestic purpose. The main objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characterization of groundwater for drinking water consumption. Ten captured sources were selected from three aquifers including the Guelma Mio-Plio-Quaternary alluvial basin; the Senonian Heliopolis Neritic limestone aquifer, and the Eocene limestones of Ras El Agba-Sellaoua aquifer. The analyses concerned the periods of high water in May 2017 and low water in August 2017. Twelve parameters were determined for the water samples: pH, T (°C), EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl–, HCO3 –, SO4 2–, NO3 –, TH (hydrotimetric degree), TAT (total alkalinity titration). The interpretation of the various analytical results allowed the determination of the chemical facies and the classification of the groundwater aquifers as follows: (i) in the alluvial layer, the gypsiferous marl substratum and the clays of the three terraces (high, medium and low) have given the water a chlorinated calcium chemical facies in the east part of the study area and travertines feeding partly alluvial layer, and have given a bicarbonated calcium water facies in the west, (ii) in the Senonian of Heliopolis limestone and Eocene carbonate formations of Ras El Agba- -Sellaoua, the chemical facies are calcium bicarbonate. Water isotopes (δ18O and δD) helped to determine the origin of groundwater. Overall, the groundwater in the area is hard and has significant to excessive mineralization. It is progressively degraded in the direction of flow, especially in the Guelma alluvial aquifer.

PL

Jakość wody jest ważnym kryterium oceny jej przydatności do picia i potrzeb domowych. Celem pracy było zbadanie fizycznych i chemicznych właściwości wody przeznaczonej do konsumpcji. Do badań wybrano dziesięć ujęć wody zlokalizowanych w trzech poziomach wodonośnych: aluwialny basen mioceńsko-plioceńsko-czwartorzędowy Guelma, wapienny poziom z okresu późnej kredy i poziom eoceńskich wapieni w Ras El Agba-Sellaoua. Analizy prowadzono w okresie wysokiej wody w maju 2017 r. i niskiej wody w sierpniu 2017 r. W próbkach wody oznaczono 12 parametrów: pH, T (°C), EC (przewodnictwo), Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl–3 –, SO4 2–, NO3 –, TH (całkowita twardość), TAC (całkowita alkaliczność). Interpretacja uzyskanych wyników umożliwiła wydzielenie grup chemicznych i klasyfikację poziomów wodonośnych w następujący sposób: (i) strefa aluwialna, gipsowo-wapienne podłoże i iły trzech tarasów (wysoki, średni i niski) – wody grupy chlorkowo-wapniowej we wschodniej części badanego obszaru i wody wodorowęglanowo-wapniowe w zachodniej części, (ii) wapienie późnej kredy i eoceńskie utwory węglanowe w Ras El Agba-Sellaoua – wody o charakterze wodorowęglanowo-wapniowym. Analiza izotopowa (δO18 i δD) pozwoliła ustalić pochodzenie wód gruntowych. Generalnie wody gruntowe badanego obszaru są twarde i charakteryzują się wysoką bądź nadmierną mineralizacją. Wody ulegają stopniowej degradacji w kierunku przepływu, szczególnie w aluwialnym poziomie wodonośnym Guelma.

2

Effect of the temperature of different combustion zones in the boiler grate on changes in physical and chemical parameters of bituminous coal and slags

Rompalski P., Róg L.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2016

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Vol. 15, iss. 2

66--72

EN

This paper presents the results of a study on the influence of the temperature of characteristic zones of coal combustion in a stoker fired boiler (drying, degassing, and burn-out), on changes in physical and chemical parameters of bituminous coal and slags. This information is important as it helps identify the impact of coal properties on the accumulation of trace elements, primarily mercury, in combustion waste. The study is the continuation of research work on the impact of mercury compounds accumulated in combustion waste on the natural environment (mercury from landfills of slag, and fly ash). Studies were undertaken because no in-depth analysis of the impact of the temperature of particular zones of stoker fired boilers on the physical and chemical parameters of the post-process slag, including mercury content, had been reported in literature. Both of the coals examined, classified as bituminous coal according to the International Classification of Seam Coals and of type 32.1 according to the PN-G97002:1982 standard, showed an average mercury content of 0.0849 mg/g. In the chemical composition determined for the ash derived from burnt coal, the dominance of SiO2 and Al2O3 over other oxides was found. This feature results in the increase of the softening temperature and ash melting and, therefore, during the combustion of coal tested in a stoker fired boiler, only ash was subjected to the sintering process. Mercury content in the other examined samples taken from various locations of the stoker fired boiler (drying – 32-1050 ºC, degassing – 1050-1020 ºC, and burn-out – 1020-400 ºC) varied from 0.0668 to 0.0009 mg/g and was determined with the use of a LECO atomic absorption spectrometer. The analyses of the elemental composition, performed with the application of XRF spectrometry, for ash obtained from samples collected from different sampling points of the stoker fired boiler showed that the largest concentration of trace elements was observed for the ash derived from the samples collected in the degassing zone (temperature range 1050-850 ºC).

3

Analiza współzależności stężenia jonów w wodach podziemnych i ciśnienia piezometrycznego w punktach monitoringowych nr 6, 226 i 581 sieci obserwacyjno-badawczej PIG-PIB w wieloleciu 1991–2014

Zielińska-Sitkiewicz M., Kowalczyk A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 10/2

1155--1160

EN

The aim of the study was to describe how the potentiometric surface fluctuations are able to influence on the concentrations of ions in groundwater. The research based on the data provided by the groundwater monitoring network of the Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute (PGI-NRI) from the Warta catchment in the period of 24 years of record (1991–2014). In the first stage of analysis the measured concentrations of ions: Cl–, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Na+, SO4 2–, K+, HCO3 – were examined in conjunction with the groundwater level fluctuations in 29 monitoring points (in case of confined aquifers “groundwater level” was regarded as the potentiometric surface measured in the hydrogeological borehole). There were found statistically significant correlations between some of the concentrations of analysed ions and the fluctuations of groundwater level. Ions: Mg2+ in the point nr 6 and 226, Cl– and Na+ in the point nr 581 were subjected to further testing because their concentrations showed the strongest linear correlation with the potentiometric surface. In the second stage of study, the classical least-squares regression method was applied to build the linear models for these dependencies. The obtained results show that the fluctuations of potentiometric surface were able to explain from 30 to 56% of the variation of ion concentration.

4

Analiza parametrów chemicznych, fizycznych i energetycznych depozytów mułów węglowych zinwentaryzowanych na terenie woj. śląskiego

Baic I.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2013

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Tom 15, cz. 2

1525--1548

EN

The paper presents result of investigation of physical, chemical and energetic properties of steam coal slurries deposited in twenty four impoundments. Performed investigation include determination of chemical composition, moisture content, volatile matter, sulfur and calorific value at various states. Additionally, properties of coal slurry of particle size below 0.1 mm are presented. The paper presents also results of energetic potential analysis of coal slurries deposited in impoundments. Results shown are for “as received” basis and for concentrates after beneficiation. Coal slurries were beneficiated using the following techniques: hydrocyclone classifier-separator, centrifugal separator, Reichert spiral separator LD4 and flotation. Assessment of energetic potential was made for concentrate whereas losses of energetic potential due to beneficiation were estimated. The most effective method was flotation where the loss of energetic potential was 15% and varied from 3 to 31% depending on the impoundment. Average value of obtained concentrate was 25 057 kJ/kg being the highest among all of the methods. The research was performed under the development project Nr N R09 0006 06/2009 titled: “Identification of energetic potential of coal slurries in the national fuel balance and technological development strategy of their usage”. The project is implemented by the Institute of Mechanized Construction & Rock Mining in Warsaw in cooperation with the Department of Mineral Processing and Waste Utilization of the Silesian University of Technology.

5

The influence of ultrasonic field on chemical and microbiological parameters of stabilized excessive sludge

Brzeska K., Wolny L.

Prace Instytutu Elektrotechniki

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2011

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Z. 252

157-158

EN

Anaerobic stabilization is one of the processes applied in modification of sewage sludge. That process is based on biochemical decomposition of macromolecular compounds in participation of suitable microbes. Usage of conditioning technology for sewage sludge before anaerobic stabilization leads to time reduction of that process. The investigations were done on excessive sludge coming from Cen-tral Wastewater Treatment Plant "Warta" S.A. in Częstochowa. Due to fact, that excessive sludge has structure consists of agglomeration of microbes cell it is unsusceptible for anaerobic stabilization. Active ultrasonic field application causes decomposition of microbes cells membranes and release of organic compounds from their interiors. This process increases the effectiveness of anaerobic stabilization. Process of anaerobic stabilization was carried out for 28 days in temperature of 37°C. First sample of excessive sludge was stabilized without conditioning, second sample was stabilized after conditioning in specified parameters of active ultrasonic field. During anaerobic stabilization the following chemical analysis were done: dry matter, mineral dry matter, organic dry matter, volatile fatty acids (VFA), pH, alkalinity, acidity, Kjeldahl general nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), general phosphorus. Additionally, microbiological tests of microbes of Escherichia coli, psychrophiles and mezophiles microorganisms were done.

PL

Jednym z procesów stosowanych w przeróbce osadów ściekowych jest stabilizacja beztlenowa. Proces ten polega na biochemicznym rozkładzie wielkocząsteczkowych związków przy udziale odpowiedniego typu bakterii. Zastosowanie techniki kondycjonowania osadów przed stabilizacją beztlenową powoduje skrócenie czasu trwania tego procesu. Badania prowadzono na osadzie nadmiernym pobranym z oczyszczalni "Warta" w Częstochowie. Osad nadmierny tworzy strukturę niepodatną na stabilizację beztlenową, ma ona bowiem postać aglomerowanych komórek mikroorganizmów mało podatnych na rozkład biologiczny. Zastosowanie czynnego pola ultradźwiękowego w tego rodzaju osadzie powoduje rozerwanie błon komórkowych bakterii, co z kolei przyczynia się do uwolnienia związków organicznych z ich wnętrza. Proces ten zwiększa skuteczność stabilizacji beztlenowej. Proces stabilizacji beztlenowej prowadzano przez 28 dni w temperaturze 37°C. W pierwszej części doświadczenia stabilizowano osady niepoddane metodzie kondycjonowania, natomiast w drugiej części doświadczenia stabilizację prowadzono po uprzednim zastosowaniu pola ultradźwiękowego o określonych parametrach. Podczas trwania stabilizacji beztlenowej wykonywano analizy chemiczne, takie jak: sucha masa, sucha masa mineralna, sucha masa organiczna, zasadowość, kwasowość, pH, ChZT, lotne kwasy tłuszczowe, azot amonowy, azot ogólny Kjeldahla, fosfor ogólny. Wykonano również oznaczenia mikrobiologiczne na obecność bakterii typu Escherichia coli, mikroorganizmów psychrofilowych oraz mezofilowych.

6

Effects of habitat conditions on the diversity and abundance of molluscs in floodplain water bodies of different permanence of flooding

Jurkiewicz-Karnkowska E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 1

165-178

EN

Riverine floodplains are regarded as one of the most heterogenous and dynamic ecosystems. In natural state they encompass a variety of wetland sites like pools, lakes, channels etc. related and linked with the flood pulses; being the hot spots of high and specific biodiversity they are often under protection. The diversity and abundance of molluscs in the floodplain water bodies were investigated in order to find the shaping impact of chemical factors of water and sediments. The water bodies were located within 140 km section of the lower Bug River valley (eastern Poland, 190 to 50 km of the river course). The investigations were carried out in the years 2007-2009 in 25 permanently flooded, 25 semi-permanent sites (i.e. habitats partly dried-up because the water volume has decreased significantly during low river discharge) and 24 temporary water bodies holding water for at least few months (up to 8-9 months). The first group of sites consisted of large water bodies (the area above 1000 m2, depth mostly exceeded 2 m) representing earlier and middle successional stages. The second group contained relatively shallow (1-1.5 m) water bodies of medium or large size (from below 500 to above 1000 m2) representing more advanced successional stages. Temporary water bodies were very diverse in size (from about 100 to 1000 m2) their depth ranged from below 0.5 m to about 1 m and they mostly represented less advanced successional stages. Molluscs were collected from the bottom (using a hand net) and from macrophytes (using a frame). Concentrations of oxygen, nitrate and ammonia nitrogen, phosphates, calcium, chlorides, as well as BOD[5], pH and conductivity were measured in water. Organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus content in bottom sediments were determined, as well as C/N and N/P ratio.Permanent water bodies supported the richest malacofauna - 52 species (over 91% of all species found within the study area), whereas in semipermanent sites and temporary ones 29 and 36 mollusc species were found. Mean number of species per site amounted to 18.7 [plus or minus] 4.0, 7.7 [plus or minus]3.2 and 9.6 [plus or minus] 5.1 in permanent, semi-permanent and temporary water bodies respectively. Mean values of Shannon-Weaver index (H.) in three site groups mentioned amounted to 3.18 [plus or minus] 0.55, 2.18 [plus or minus] 0.72 and 2.07 [plus or minus] 0.83, respectively. Mean density of molluscs significantly differed among site groups (from 80 indiv. m[^-2] in semi-permanent sites to 292 indiv. m[^-2] in temporary ones) being the highest in temporary habitats (the range of values from 34 to 1840 indiv. m[^-2]). Phosphates, ammonia nitrogen and pH of water significantly influenced the abundance of molluscs, whereas oxygen concentration and BOD[5] affected species richness, diversity and abundance of molluscs within the permanent water bodies. In the other site groups chemical parameters of water did not affect significantly the mollusc communities. The influence of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus content in bottom sediments on malacocoenoses was not significant. The quality of organic matter contained in bottom sediments expressed as C/N (the range of values from 8 to over 40) showed structuring influence on malacocoenoses. Low food quality (C/N> 17), especially in many semi-permanent habitats, may constrain the development of molluscan communities.

7

Mikrośrodowisko wnętrz mieszkalnych

Lis A., Lis P.

Rynek Instalacyjny

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2004

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Nr 3

66--69

PL

W związku z coraz większym zatruciem środowiska naturalnego zwraca się większą uwagę na warunki bytowania człowieka w środowisku sztucznym (biuro, dom). Stan mikrośrodowiska wnętrz kształtowany jest przez zbiór parametrów fizycznych i chemicznych tworzących mikroklimat danego pomieszczenia i oddziałujących na ludzki organizm. Najsilniejszy wpływ na człowieka mają elementy termiczne mikroklimatu. Jednak dla w pełni prawidłowego funkcjonowania organizmu niezwykle istotne są również elementy pozatermiczne.