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2 Prace Naukowe Katedry Budowy Maszyn / Politechnika Śląska

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Metoda wyznaczania wielkości średnicowych kół pojazdów szynowych w ruchu

Kolka A.

Prace Naukowe Katedry Budowy Maszyn / Politechnika Śląska

2002

nr 1

9-174

Natural wear of wheel's tracks in use is one of most important phenomena of rail transportation. The progress of wheel track wear is slow. Wheel wear process is more or less intensive, depending on many factors, i.e. rail curves, breaking conditions, startup conditions of tracks (e.g. wheel skid), truck velocity and loading. Wear type can vary in a wide range of patterns, e.g. flat places of high local hardness may occur during breaking skid. It can be stated that the natural wheel wear invokes various shape errors of a wheel, called circular errors. In the example of rail tracks, circular errors can cause additional dynamic forces to occur at contact area between rails and wheels. It causes the increase in both noise and vibrations, what leads to uncomfortable transportation. Over past several years, the role of circular errors is still more significant as the speed of trains increases. There are so-called fast-moving trains, driven at speed up to 300 km/h. In such cases excessive circular errors can be very dangerous from point of view of transportation security regulations. Circular errors and differences in axle set wheels are criteria to qualify the axle set to regeneration process. Regeneration process of worn wheels of a truck performs on special machine tools. The axle sets very often need to be disassembled before machining begins. The disassembly process is not only very expensive but also time-consuming as the worn wheels are excluded from use for a long time period. Thus, the decision about axle set regeneration is very important. If it's taken prematurely, it can he unprofitable, from the other side if it's undertaken too late, it can be simply dangerous. The best criterion for the problem of decision making is to identify the actual stale of a wheel track. The publication presents a new method of both shape and diameter evaluation of wheel sets in motion. The method is very simple in comparison to currently used laser-based ones. The new method is based on measurement of distances between the wheel track and a rail with conventional induction sensors placed along the rail. The method allows measurements of both wheel diameter as well as circular errors. The correctness of the method has to be verified experimentally. Experimental results have been compared to computer simulation results. The method seems to be more precise than existing one (eg. laser-based ones.). Verified method stands for a base to build a prototype measuring stand for industrial purposes.

Stanowisko do badania wielkości geometrycznych obiektów ruchomych

Kolka A.

Prace Naukowe Katedry Budowy Maszyn / Politechnika Śląska

2000

nr 1

113-126

Celem opracowania nowej metody pomiaru parametrów średnicowych elementów osiowo symetrycznych jest umożliwienie dokładnej oceny geometrii eksploatowanych kołowych zestawów kolejowych. Opracowane dotychczas stanowiska i metody pomiarów do ciągłej kontroli stanu kołowych zestawów kolejowych nie zapewniają pełnej kontroli parametrów średnicowych. Proponowana nowa metoda pomiaru wykorzystuje stanowisko pomiarowe z indukcyjnymi analogowymi przetwornikami odległości. Eliminuje tym samym mankamenty wcześniejszych rozwiązań, umożliwia pomiar na całym obwodzie mierzonego obiektu pozwalając na kompleksową ocenę parametrów średnicowych tj. średnicę, błędy kołowości oraz uszkodzenia miejscowe.

New approach to measuring of diameter parameters of railway wheel is presented in this paper. Main reasons to develop new method are increase precision and shortening of measure process. Existing measuring stands for rolling wheels hadn't possibility to inform about all diameter parameters. Most frequently used traditional measure method caused extending of measuring time, excluding car form use. To increase number of measured objects and shortening measure time special measure stand was developed. Main assumption for new stand was enlarging range of measured surface. It is very important for detect local defects, and recognition of wheel shape. Present day is used fast, modern trains and local defects as well as shape of wheel have significant influence on dynamic impact between wheel and rail. It is also very important to diagnose large number of cars in short time. It causes to measuring geometric parameters without dismounting of wheels even without stopping a car. New stand using analog inductive sensors. Number of sensors, and position of sensors guarantee large number of acquired data on whole perimeter of the wheel. Data processing method uses neural network to recognition of shape. Lower cost of inductive sensors in comparison with laser units decreasing final price of stand.