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1

Methodology and results of digital mapping and 3D modelling of the Lower Palaeozoic strata on the East European Craton, Poland

Papiernik Bartosz, Michna Michał

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2019

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Vol. 89, No. 4

405--427

EN

The paper presents a multi-phase and multi-stage methodology of 3D structural-parametric modelling and mapping that has been applied during implementation of the GAZGEOLMOD project. The core of the applied processing workflows is a 3D geological model constructed in Petrel, which functions as a spatial database for all kinds of geological models. The first phase of the workflow comprised an extended process of database project building that was very intensive at the beginning of the project and continued to its end. The second phase of processing consisted of a complex process of mapping and structural modelling that is performed in 8 stages, allowing for iterative improvements of model resolution. During the realization of stages 1 to 7, processing was run independently for the Baltic (BB), Podlasie (PB) and Lublin Basins (LB). The workflow included the following stages: (1) unification and digitization of published and on file analogue and digital, structural maps; (2) preliminary reinterpretation, including adjustment to stratigraphy data acquired from archives; (3) adjusting the maps to the primary results of seismic interpretation, mainly from archival data; (4) digitization and gridding of pre-existing palaeothickness maps and updates of them with data from boreholes completed after 2009; the reinterpretation of the palaeothickness maps into contemporary thickness maps; (5) elaboration of the primary structural 3D models for the three basins; (6) increasing of the stratigraphic resolution of models up to the rank of the geological epoch for Ordovician–Silurian strata; (7) conversion of basin-scale structural models into a 2D grid, and their merging into platform-scale surfaces, resulting in 45 structural and thickness maps; finally, they were adjusted to the results of seismic interpretation and sedimentological studies, obtained in the project; and (8) completion of the resulting structural models for each of the basins and for the entire Polish part of the East European Craton in several different versions. In the third phase of processing, parametric models of vitrinite reflectance (Ro) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) were estimated.

2

Porównanie cząstkowych modeli parametrycznych w zadaniu detekcji uszkodzeń sieci gazowej

Syfert M., Jankowska A., Łabęda-Grudziak Z., Tabor Ł.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

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2012

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R. 58, nr 1

3-8

PL

Zreferowano badania detekcji uszkodzeń gazociągu z użyciem cząstkowych modeli parametrycznych. Stosując trzy metody modelowania: addytywne modele regresyjne (najnowszą z badanych technik), sztuczne sieci neuronowe oraz układy rozmyte typu TSK opracowano aproksymacje ciśnień w węzłach sieci. Modele testowano w zadaniu detekcji wycieku oraz uszkodzenia czujnika pomiarowego. Wszystkie modele zapewniały dużą dokładność aproksymacji ciśnienia w poprawnych stanach pracy, wykazując także bardzo skuteczną detekcję uszkodzeń czujników pomiarowych ciśnień, natomiast w sytuacji symulowanych wycieków ich przydatność w detekcji była znacznie mniejsza.

EN

The results of faults detection [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] in a gas system network (Fig. 1) with use of parametric partial models [6, 7, 8] are presented in the paper. This is a new approach to the task with use of exploratory data analysis [10, 11, 17] and partial models. Three techniques were used to build models of pressure in network nodes: additive regression (ADD - new method of modelling [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]), artificial neural networks (ANN) [16, 17, 18] and TSK fuzzy logic modelling [8, 16, 17]. The measured pressures in adjacent nodes as well cumulative flows in the main line (from global analytical model [9]) of gasoline were the inputs of the models. For the analysed stations (in parts A and B marked in Fig. 1) a set of test failures in the form of leaks and damage of pressure sensors is given in Tab. 1.Using trial and error method, by evaluating the effectiveness of fault detection, there were obtained structures of models of different complexity for individual modelling techniques: ADD - presented by equations (1) and (2), ANN- (3) and (4), TSK- (5) and (6). The model order is not greater than 2. The exemplary results of leak detection with use of particular models are shown in Figs. 3, 5, 7 and of sensor fault detection in Figs. 4, 6, 8. In the conclusions there is summarised the relative accuracy of models (in Table 2), the relative normalized values of the studied residues of leaks - Tab.3 and the pressure sensor failures - Tab. 4. All models provided highly precise pressure approximation in non-fault states, but TSK and ADD models turned out to be the more accurate. Additionally, all of them were effective in case of pressure sensor fault detection, however, in case of simulated leakages their usefulness was much lower.

3

Performance of soil particle-size distribution models for describing deposited soils adjacent to constructed dams in the China Loess Plateau

Zhao P., Shao M., Horton R.

Acta Geophysica

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2011

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Vol. 59, no. 1

124-138

EN

Soil particle-size distributions (PSD) have been used to estimate soil hydraulic properties. Various parametric PSD models have been proposed to describe the soil PSD from sparse experimental data. It is important to determine which PSD model best represents specific soils. Fourteen PSD models were examined in order to determine the best model for representing the deposited soils adjacent to dams in the China Loess Plateau; these were: Skaggs (S-1, S-2, and S-3), fractal (FR), Jaky (J), Lima and Silva (LS), Morgan (M), Gompertz (G), logarithm (L), exponential (E), log-exponential (LE), Weibull (W), van Genuchten type (VG) as well as Fredlund (F) models. Four-hundred and eighty samples were obtained from soils deposited in the Liudaogou catchment. The coefficient of determination (R2), the Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), and the modified AIC (mAIC) were used. Based upon R2 and AIC, the three- and four-parameter models were both good at describing the PSDs of deposited soils, and the LE, FR, and E models were the poorest. However, the mAIC in conjunction with R2 and AIC results indicated that the W model was optimum for describing PSD of the deposited soils for emphasizing the effect of parameter number. This analysis was also helpful for finding out which model is the best one. Our results are applicable to the China Loess Plateau.

4

Identyfikacja nierówności toru metodą odwracanych modeli parametrycznych

Mendrok K., Czop P., Uhl T.

Logistyka

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2010

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nr 4

CD-CD

PL

Artykuł przedstawia zastosowanie metody identyfikacji sił obciążających konstrukcje opartej o odwracanie regresyjnych modeli parametrycznych do rekonstrukcji nierówności torów. Nierówności te są identyfikowane na podstawie przebiegów przyspieszeń drgań mierzonych na maźnicach pojazdu podczas jego jazdy. W pracy przedstawiono zarówno weryfikację numeryczną jak i eksperymentalną prezentowanej metody.

EN

The paper presents an application of the loading force identification method based on inversion of regressive parametric models to the reconstruction of rail irregularities. The irregularities are identified from the accelerations of vibrations signals measured on the axel boxes of the car during its ride. In the article both numerical and experimental verification of the method are shown.

5

Estimation of the wear in positive-displacement pumps by the time series method

Stojek J.

Mechanics / AGH University of Science and Technology

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2006

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Vol. 25, no. 4

173-178

EN

The article discusses the possibility to assess the wear characteristics in multi-piston positive-displacement pumps operating at constant delivery rate, basing on an analysis of the measured outlet pressure variations. Parameter estimates of the selected parametric models of pressure variations were determined. Comparing the values of parameters, the wear and wear characteristics were determined in the examined pumps.

PL

W artykule opisano możliwości diagnozowania stanu zużycia wielotłoczkowych pomp wyporowych na podstawie zmierzonych przebiegów ciśnień w przewodzie tłocznym każdej z badanych pomp. Otrzymane ciągi czasowe opisane zostały modelem autoregresji z ruchomą średnią (ARMA). Wyznaczone w procesie identyfikacji estymaty parametrów modeli każdego z analizowanych ciągów zostały porównane z parametrami pompy idealnej (wzorcowej), po czym nastąpiła klasyfikacja stopnia zużycia, badanych pomp. W artykule opisano przyjęty przez autora model pompy idealnej, wyjaśniono pojęcie ciągu czasowego oraz modelu parametrycznego, opisano najczęstsze uszkodzenia występujące w pompach wielotłoczkowych. Przedstawiono najczęściej stosowane metody diagnozowania pomp.

6

Badania modelowe i analiza błędów systemów pomiarowych

Gajda J.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Elektryka / Politechnika Łódzka

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2001

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z. 98

41-56

PL

W pracy przedstawiono kryteria i metodę analizy błędów systemów pomiarowych, stosowanych w parametrycznej identyfikacji obiektów. Podstawą metody są badania symulacyjne prowadzone na modelach tych systemów. Proponowana metoda umożliwia również parametryczną optymalizację systemów pomiarowych, rozumianą jako minimalizację wybranego kryterium jakości w wielowymiarowej przestrzeni technicznych parametrów optymalizowanego systemu.

EN

The criteria and errors analysis method of the measuring systems applied in the parametric identification are presented in the paper. The method bases on the simulation tests conducted on these system's models. The proposed method allows also the parametric optimization of the measuring system, mined as a chosen quality criterion minimization in multidimensional space of the technical parameters of optimized system.

7

Estimating species numbers by extrapolation. I, Comparing the performance of various estimators using large model communities

Ulrich W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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1999

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Vol. 47, no 3

271-291

EN

A computer program was constructed that simulates large species assemblages (28 to 997 species) with various species - rank order distributions and degrees of aggregation of the species. From these model assemblages random samples were taken to study the performance of 14 estimators of species diversity. For 6 of the estimators correction factors are developed. In sufficiently large samples ( more than 2/3 of the true species number (TS) sampled) a corrected second order jackknife estimator gave the best results. 18% of the estimates ranged outside TS+-10%. If fewer species are represented in the sample (but more than 1/3 TS) two newly developed data analytical estimators performed better. Between 23 and 24%, respectively, of their estimates ranged outside TS+-20%. Crucial to the performance of all of the estimators is the sample size. The minimum sample size for an estimator to work has to contain at least 1/3 of the total species number.