Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Współczesna teoria konserwatorska w świetle tekstów doktrynalnych – zmiana paradygmatu

Szmygin Bogusław

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

|

2023

|

Nr 75

7--21

PL

Teoria konserwatorska jest formułowana w postaci tzw. tekstów doktrynalnych. Są to krótkie dokumenty, uchwalane przez różne gremia międzynarodowe – organizacje, instytucje, konferencje. Teksty dotyczą zasad i metod postępowania konserwatorskiego w grupach typologicznych zabytków, w krajach i regionach lub normują istotne działania konserwatorskie. Teksty doktrynalne pełnią bardzo ważną rolę, normując działania przy zabytkach. Zmiany tekstów doktrynalnych można traktować jako wykładnię przemian zachodzących w teorii konserwatorskiej – ich analiza pozwala diagnozować aktualny stan teorii. Na podstawie dokumentów została przedstawiona transformacja doktryny konserwatorskiej w kluczowych aspektach – pojęcia dziedzictwa, celów ochrony dziedzictwa, udziału interesariuszy w ochronie zabytków, definiowaniu działań konserwatorskich. Suma przemian zachodzących w każdym z tych obszarów wskazuje, że w ostatnich dekadach dokonała się bardzo głęboka transformacja teorii konserwatorskiej (zmiana paradygmatu).

EN

The conservation theory is formulated in the form of the so-called doctrinal texts. These are short documents, enacted by various international bodies—organizations, institutions, or conferences. The texts deal with the principles and methods of the conservation practice in typological groups of monuments in countries and regions, or normalize important conservation measures. The doctrinal texts play a very important role, normalizing activities at monuments. The changes in doctrinal texts can be regarded as an interpretation of the transformations taking place in the conservation theory—their analysis makes it possible to diagnose the current state of the theory. On the basis of the documents, the transformation of the conservation doctrine in key aspects—the concept of heritage, the goals of the heritage protection, the participation of stakeholders in the heritage protection, the definition of conservation measures—is presented. The sum of the transformations that take place in each of these areas indicates that a very profound transformation of the conservation theory (paradigm shift) has taken place in recent decades.

2

Interstellar Probe - where is the “nose” of the heliosphere?

Ratkiewicz Romana, Baraniecka Anna

Artificial Satellites : Journal of Planetary Geodesy

|

2023

|

Vol. 58, No. 1

14--28

EN

In this paper are reviewed publications that were concerned about the discovery of the location of the heliopause “nose” by the Newtonian Approximation method and publications using the full three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the heliosphere that confirmed that discovery. Since we do not have a clear answer to the question of what the heliosphere looks like, in connection with the planned launch of the Interstellar Probe within this decade, there was a problem with deciding which direction to send it. The discovery of the movement of the “nose” of the heliopause depending on the direction of the interstellar magnetic field and the determination of the position of the “nose” is very important for this decision. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to answer the question of where is the “nose” of the heliopause. In the second part of the article, the possibility of changing the paradigm of scientific research projects related to interstellar missions (including those focused on the study of the heliosphere), among other things, by increasing the interdisciplinarity of research, is explored. As part of initiating such cooperation, the article develops social sciences themes related to the sustainable logistics of Interstellar Probe missions to increase public involvement in these projects.

3

A paradigm shift in sustainability: from lines to circles

Morone Piergiuseppe, Yilan Gülşah

Acta Innovations

|

2020

|

no. 36

5--16

EN

The concept of sustainability is attracting great attention as societies become increasingly aware of the environmental consequences of their actions. One of the most critical challenges that humankind is facing is the scarcity of resources, which are expected to reach their limits in the foreseeable future. Associated with this, there is increasing waste generated as a consequence of rapid growth in the world population (particularly inurban areas) and aparallel rise in global income. To cope with these problems, a linear strategy has been applied to increase efficiency by reducing the use of materials and energy in order to lessen environmental impacts. However, this cradle to grave approach has proven inadequate, due to a lack of attention to several economic and social aspects. A paradigm shift is thus required to re-think and innovate processes (as early as inthe design phase) in such a way that materials and energy are used more effectively within aclosed-loop system. This strategy, known as the cradle to cradle approach, relies on the assumption that everything is aresource for something else since no waste is ever generated in nature. In line with the cradle to cradle approach, the bio-inspired circular economy concept aims at eco-effectiveness, rather than eco-efficiency. While the circular economy has neither a confirmed definition nor a standardized methodology, it nonetheless carries significant importance, since it “is restorative and regenerative by design and aims to keep products, components, and materials at their highest utility and value at all times, distinguishing between technical and biological cycles,” in accordance with the goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Despite some controversial opinions that “circles are not spirals, and for growth to occur, spirals with ever-increasing radii are required,” the circular economy concept is taking a central role in the sustainable development debate and, for this reason, deserves attention. The aim of this paper is to shed light on this debate, pointing out the main features of the emerging circular paradigm along with sustainability transition theories and circularity evaluation tools.

4

The conservator’s responsibility for the deterioration of monuments

Szmygin Bogusław

Ochrona Dziedzictwa Kulturowego

|

2019

|

Nr 8

325--333

EN

Over the last decades, built heritage and the conditions of its protection have changed a lot. There has been a significant increase in the number and diversity of monuments. The expectations of contemporary societies regarding the use of heritage have changed as well. As a consequence, the ownership, protection, financing and use of heritage has been privatized. These conditions should be reflected in conservation theory. Conservation theory should be realistic - it should indicate how to protect and use heritage in practice. Therefore, it is necessary to scientifically develop a modern conservation theory. The application of conservation theory which does not take into account contemporary conditions contributes to chaos in the protection of monuments and facilitates the destruction of their values. Therefore, the development of contemporary conservation theory can also be considered an ethical problem.