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Architectural sketches in system of urban education

Petryshyn H., Kazantseva T.

Przestrzeń i Forma

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2014

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nr 21

299--312

EN

There have been formulated goals and foundations of the urban drawing workshop in the education program of student architect-urban planner, as well as the techniques and methods of implementation of quick sketches. There have been determined the structure of the workshop program, which runs parallel to the semester projects: the first year sketches include small forms and detail, the second year - historical villas districts; in the third year - urban spaces (streets, courtyards, squares) and panoramas of the city.

PL

Sformułowane cele i założenia dotyczą warsztatów z rysunku urbanistycznego w programie edukacji studenta architekta-urbanisty, a także techniki i metody realizacji szybkich szkiców. Określono strukturę programową warsztatów, która biegnie równolegle do projektów semestralnych: na pierwszym roku szkice obejmują małe formy i detal, na drugim roku - historyczną zabydowę willową; na trzecim roku – wnętrza urbanistyczne (ulice, podwórka, place) i panoramy miasta.

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Dzieje kartografii miast polskich do końca XIX wieku. Zarys problematyki

Bartoszewicz A., Bartoszewicz H.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

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2013

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T. 45, nr 3

236--255

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest próba przedstawienia zarysu dziejów kartografii miast polskich od XVI do końca XIX wieku. Cezurę początkową stanowią najstarsze zachowane kartografika miejskie, natomiast cezurę końcową „produkcja" kartograficzna towarzysząca regulacji miast Królestwa Polskiego po tzw. reformie miejskiej lat 1869-1870 i pierwsze mapy lindleyowskie. Podstawę źródłową artykułu stanowią kartografika przechowywane w zbiorach polskich. Autorzy artykułu wykorzystali także wydawnictwa źródłowe i katalogi dotyczące map wielkoskalowych miast Rzeczypospolitej i miast pozostających obecnie w granicach państwa polskiego. Uwzględniono prace kartografów polskich i obcych pracujących na rzecz polskich odbiorców, a także cudzoziemców, głównie inżynierów wojskowych służących w armiach, które prowadziły wojny na ziemiach Rzeczypospolitej.

EN

The authors attempt to present the history of cartography of Polish cities from the 16th until the end of the 19th century. The oldest preserved city maps constitute the initial caesura and the cartographic 'production' accompanying the regulation of cities of the Kingdom of Poland after the so called city reform of 1869-1870 and W. Lindley's first maps - constitutes the final caesura. Maps and plans stored in Polish collections form the article's source basis. The authors have also used source publications and catalogues of large scale maps of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and of cities which are currently included within the boundaries of the Polish state. There have remained only few large scale 16th century maps. There exist individual copies, mainly of large cities or of those which were strategically important and had fortifications. They were made in connection with urban processes and construction activity. Large scale maps were also made to settle ownership rights and for fiscal reasons. G. Braun's and F. Hogenberg's plans and city views are among the most valuable works of urban cartography. However, the maps made during the 17th century and the beginning of 18th century wars in Poland have higher recognize value. The most valuable among those are the works of a Swedish army engineer, general E. J. Dahlbergh. They were published in part in the work of S. Pufendorf. Urban cartographic 'production' increased in the 18th century. During the reign of August II and August III, mainly two kinds of elaborations were made: 1) maps of Polish cities besieged during the wars fought at the beginning of the 18th century and 2) city plans, mainly of Warsaw, made in connection with urban and construction activity of Saxons. Cartography, including large scale cartography, thrived during the reign of king Stanisław August Poniatowski. During that time, not only maps being the result of the king's urban and construction activity were made, but also plans elaborated for such city institutions as the Paving Committee and the Boni Ordinis Committee. The authors of large scale city maps of Poland were the best contemporary cartographers and architects, such as PR. de Tirregaille, A. Hiz, H. Jedrzejowski, M. Deutsch, J. Fontana and D. Merlini. The most numerous among the maps which have survived up to this day are the maps created in the 19th century. The partitioning states' cartographic 'production' after the third partitioning of Poland (1795) mainly concerned ownership and fiscal matters. In the period of the Duchy of Warsaw, city plans were mainly made in connection with fortification works conducted at the time. Urban cartography grew most dynamically during the constitutional period of the Kingdom of Poland (1815-1830). In order to make large scale maps of Warsaw, knowledge and organizational potential of military topographic services were used. In urban cartography, methods and models obligatorily used until the end of the 19th century were created. Also in the period of conducting regulation works which followed the implementation of the so called urban reform, many large scale urban maps were created. In the history of Polish city cartography, the 19th century is concluded with cartographic works done in connection with the construction of water supply and sewer system in Warsaw.

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Przypadek i intuicja w tworzeniu panoramy współczesnego miasta na przykładzie nowojorskiego Manhattanu

Oleński W.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura i Urbanistyka

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2011

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Z. 23

49-56

PL

Jednym z najbardziej rozpoznawalnych symboli miasta jest jego sylweta, widoczna z różnych punktów widokowych w postaci niepowtarzalnej panoramy. Historyczne przeobrażenia krajobrazu miast mogą być gwałtowną metamorfozą, polegającą na dodaniu nowej przeskalowanej dominanty albo na destrukcji istniejącej przestrzeni. Zmiany takie nastąpiły w latach 70-tych ubiegłego wieku w panoramie nowojorskiego Manhattanu, w której pośród imponującej liczby drapaczy chmur pojawiły się dwa nowe wieżowce o niespotykanej dotychczas skali - bliźniacze wieże kompleksu World Trade Center. Tragiczne wydarzenia we wrześniu 2001 roku oraz kontrowersje związane z odbudową „Strefy Zero" uświadomiły wszystkim siłę oddziaływania symboliki prze strzenno-arc hi tektonicznej oraz rozbieżności percepcji krajobrazu współczesnych miast. Dla badaczy i twórców przestrzeni miejskiej stanowi to cenne doświadczenie pozwalające na lepsze zrozumienie procesu przekształcania wizerunku miast w XXI wieku.

EN

The present spatial planning policy of Zielona Góra is an example of the pressure of market economy, in which there is a strong need to obtain new areas for development. In the town there are still, according to assessments, 50 hectares of land without buildings or ready to be developed after buildings which are not used or which are in poor condition have been demolished. However, those are areas which can only be used to intensify town development. They are not large enough and can not be used for objects requiring large areas or for big detached houses built on large plots of land. The sale and development of those areas would not bring noticeable results in a short time. Unfortunately, at the moment, achieving results in distant future is not the goal of the town spatial planning policy. However, it seems that the development of Zielona Góra should be based on completely different assumptions than those on which the present spatial planning policy is based. The town as an urbanized unit should be one with its surroundings as systems which complement one another. The optimisation of the town structure in terms of the tradition of the place and needs of its inhabitants should be a priority. The logic of spatial systems should preserve the connection between the town structure and the landscape architecture. The policy pursued by the town authorities is mainly directed at obtaining budget income and it disturbs the system of spatial planning. This means that institutions which should take care of a balanced development of the administrative commune in all aspects depend mainly on the income to the town budget i.e. the economic factor.

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Kształtowanie krajobrazu kulturowego Warszawy - analiza urbanistyczna lokalizacji budynków wysokościowych i ochrona widokowa zespołu Starego Miasta

Oleński W.

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2008

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nr 10

104--113