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1

Wpływ temperatury i stężenia wodoru na aktywność i selektywność wybranych katalizatorów heterogenicznych zawierających metale szlachetne w procesie uwodornienia metyloacetylenu i propadienu

Kacprzak Krzysztof, Lewera Adam

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 7

700--706

PL

Katalizatory Pd/Al₂O₃, Pd/TiO₂ i Pt/Al₂O₃ otrzymano metodą impregnacji-redukcji i zastosowano do zbadania wpływu nadmiaru wodoru i temperatury prowadzenia procesu na selektywność i aktywność w procesie selektywnego uwodornienia metyloacetylenu i propadienu zawartych we frakcji węglowodorów C₃ z krakingu parowego. Katalizatory zawierające pallad wykazywały wyższą aktywność i selektywność niż Pt/Al₂O₃, ale w obecności nadmiaru wodoru w większym stopniu następował spadek ich selektywności. W niskich temperaturach, w obecności katalizatora Pd/TiO₂ obserwowano większy przyrost propylenu i większe stężenie pozostałego metyloacetylenu i propadienu, a w warunkach zwiększonego stężenia wodoru i w umiarkowanych temperaturach charakteryzował się on wyższą aktywnością (i niewielkim spadkiem selektywności), co czyni z niego interesującą alternatywę dla powszechnie stosowanych w tym procesie katalizatorów Pd/Al₂O₃.

EN

The Pd/Al₂O₃, Pd/TiO₂ and Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts obtained by the impregnation-redn. method were used for selective hydrogenation of MeC≡CH and CH₂=C=CH₂ (contained in the C₃ fraction stream from the steam cracking process) to MeCH=CH₂. Pd-contg. catalysts showed higher activity and selectivity than Pt/Al₂O₃, but the excess of H₂ caused a decrease in their selectivity to a greater extent. In the presence of Pd/TiO₂, a greater increase in the MeCH=CH₂ content was obsd. than in Pd/Al₂O₃ at low temps., but at the same time higher concns. of residual MeC≡CH and CH₂=C=CH₂ were obsd. Under conditions of increased H₂ concn. and moderate temps., the Pd/TiO₂ catalyst showed higher activity (and a slight decrease in selectivity), which makes it an interesting alternative to the Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts commonly used in the process.

2

Recovery of pure palladium compound from the spent electroplating solutions by hydrometallurgical method

Nguyen Viet Nhan Hoa, Song Si Jeong, Lee Man Seung

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

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Vol. 58, iss. 1

88--100

EN

Electroplating of palladium (Pd) is practiced in the manufacture of electronic materials. The increasing demand for Pd metal necessitates the recovery of Pd(II) from the spent electroplating solutions. In this work, the recovery of Pd compound was studied from the cemented Pd by zinc (Zn) metal from spent electroplating solutions. Initially, the selective extraction ability of ionic liquids synthesized from commercial extractants for Pd(II) over Zn(II) from the synthetic HCl solution was investigated. Pd(II) was selectively extracted over Zn(II) from 9 M HCl solution by ALi-CY301(Nmethyl-N,N,N-trioctylammonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic) and by ALi-I (N-methylN,N,N-trioctylammonium iodide) from weak HCl solution (pH 1). Since 9 M HCl was needed to completely dissolve Pd from the cemented Pd, ALi-CY301 was employed for the separation of Pd(II) and Zn(II) from the real HCl leaching solution of the cemented Pd. Two-stages counter-current extraction of the real HCl solution with ALi-CY301 resulted in selective extraction of Pd(II). Pd(II) was effectively stripped from the loaded ALi-CY301 by a mixture of HCl and NaClO. After oxidizing Pd(II) in the stripping solution to Pd(IV) by adding NaClO, Pd(IV) compound was synthesized by adding NH4Cl as a precipitant. By comparing leaching and extraction efficiency between hydrochloric and sulfuric acid solutions, a hydrometallurgical process consisted of HCl leaching, extraction with ALiCY301 and precipitation with NH4Cl was recommended for the recovery of pure (NH4)2PdCl6 from the cemented Pd.

3

The importance of recovery of PGMS from catalysts - a case study of recycling network in Poland

Generowicz Natalia

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2022

|

Vol. 15, no. 2

149--156

EN

Combustion engines are the main driving force of passenger cars, trucks or buses. Engines burn fuels, and as a side effect, release many pollutions to the atmosphere. Car manufacturers had been aware of a need of lowering the amount of exhaust fumes. This brought on the market the first catalytic converters. Nowadays automobile catalyst manufacturing is the largest sector of demand of PGMs (mainly platinum, palladium and rhodium), and unfortunately consumption and future demand of there critical metals is getting higher. Over the past two decades, most countries around the world have developed and implement solutions that would minimize the impact of the growing number of cars on the environment. One solution contributing to this is the organisation of an end-of-life car collection and recycling network, which is now an integral part of automotive industry. The main drivers for the development of such network were stricter environmental regulations and economic conditions. The development of recycling is also becoming more popular in Poland. However, catalyst recycling system is still not transparent to all stakeholders. Due to the huge variety of catalysts and their different structure and composition of elements from the PGMs group, the valuation of their price before they are recycled is not obvious. This raises a lot of controversy and does not inspire trust among those who recycle their catalysts. The aim of this work is to show how the management of used catalytic converters looks like in Poland and how developed is network of catalysts recycling in Poland. At the same time this will show how important it is in terms of a circular economy and the recovery of valuable raw materials from a group of PGMs.

4

Katalizatory palladowe immobilizowane w materiałach typu MOF aktywne w reakcjach uwodornienia

Augustyniak Adam W., Trzeciak Anna M.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2019

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[Z] 73, 3-4

221--241

EN

Palladium immobilized in metal-organic frameworks (MOF) exhibit promising catalytic properties in hydrogenation of different unsaturated substrates. Due to the specific porous and crystalline structure MOFs can contribute in bonding and activation of organic substrates, increasing catalytic efficiency of Pd@MOF composites. The superior tunability of MOFs structures enables to design highly selective catalysts for hydrogenation of different substrates, such as olefins, esters, ketones, alcohols or alkynes. Due to the synergistic effects of palladium and MOF not only high activity but also high selectivity can be achieved. The article presents representative examples of MOF-based palladium catalysts for hydrogenation to illustrate perspectives, also technological, of their application.

5

Badania właściwości termicznych nanokompozytowych warstw węglowych zawierających nanocząstki palladu

Rymarczyk J., Czerwosz E.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2018

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Vol. 59, nr 12

25--27

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości termicznych nanokompozytowych warstw węglowych zawierających nanocząstki palladu (warstw C-Pd). Warstwy zostały naniesione metodą PVD. Wcześniejsze badania wykazały, że warstwy te charakteryzują się silnymi właściwościami sorpcyjnymi wodoru. Ze względu na możliwości aplikacyjne warstw C-Pd jako warstwy aktywne w czujniku wodoru dla zastosowań w różnych warunkach środowiskowych istotne jest poznanie ich wytrzymałości termicznej. W artykule wykorzystano metodę analizy termograwimetrycznej (TGA) do zbadania zmian fazowych i dekompozycji warstw nankompozytowych C-Pd, otrzymanych przy różnych parametrach procesu PVD. Wiedza ta jest istotna, gdy weźmiemy pod uwagę zakres temperatur roboczych dla czujnika wodoru.

EN

The paper discuss the results of investigations of thermal properties of nanocomposite carbon films containing palladium nanoparticles (C-Pd film). The films were perform by PVD method. Previous studies have shown that these films are characterized by strong sorption properties of hydrogen. Due to the applicability of C-Pd films as active layers in the hydrogen sensor for applications in various environmental conditions, it is important to know their thermal strength. The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) has been performed to investigate phase changes and decomposition of C-Pd films, obtained with various parameters of the PVD process, under the influence of temperature. This knowledge is important when we consider the operating temperature range for the hydrogen sensor.

6

Electrocatalytical Properties of Palladium-Decorated Cobalt Coatings Obtained by Electrodeposition and Galvanic Displacment

Skibińska K., Kutyła D., Kołczyk K., Kwiecińska A., Kowalik R., Żabiński P.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2018

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Vol. 63, iss. 3

1517--1521

EN

This work presents the studies on the electrochemical process of thin palladium layers formation onto electrodeposited cobalt coatings. The suggested methodology consists of the preparation of thick and smooth cobalt substrate via galvanostatic electrodeposition. Cobalt coatings were prepared under different cathodic current density conditions from acidic bath containing cobalt sulphate and addition of boric acid. Obtained cobalt layers were analyzed by x-ray diffraction to determine their phase composition. Freshly prepared cobalt coatings were modificated by the galvanic displacement method in PdCl2 solution, to obtain smooth and compact Pd layer. The comparison of electrocatalytic properties of Co coatings with Co/Pd ones enabled to determine the influence of Palladium presence in cathodic deposits on the hydrogen evolution process.

7

Occurrence of platinum group metals in the environment and their use

Trębacz H., Michno P.

Structure and Environment

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2017

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Vol. 9, no. 4

283--298

EN

Monoliths that are part of the automotive catalysts include noble metals: platinum, palladium and rhodium, which acts as a catalyst. During the operation of these devices platinum group elements (PGE) are released into the environment. The characteristics of individual metals belonging to the platinum group are presented in this article. These metals can be found in road sediments as well as in water or food. Platinum resources are constantly shrinking, so one of the ideas is their exploitation from the solar system. This article also presents methods of platinum recovery. The publication provides an overview of the literature on platinum-related issues.

PL

Monolity, które są częścią katalizatorów samochodowych, zawierają metale szlachetne: platynę, pallad i rod, które pełnią funkcję katalityczne. W trakcie eksploatacji tych urządzeń następuje emisja platynowców do środowiska. Przedstawiono charakterystykę poszczególnych platynowców. Metale te możemy odnaleźć w osadach drogowych, jak i w wodzie czy żywności. Zasoby platynowców stale się kurczą, dlatego jednym z pomysłów jest ich eksploatacja z Układu Słonecznego. Zaprezentowano również metody odzysku platynowców. W publikacji przedstawiono przegląd literatury dotyczącej zagadnień związanej z platynowcami.

8

The Mechanism of Redox Reaction between Palladium(II) Complex Ions and Potassium Formate in Acidic Aqueous Solution

Wojnicki M., Podborska A.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2017

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Vol. 62, iss. 2A

737--745

EN

The kinetics studies of redox reaction between palladium(II) chloride complex ions and potassium formate in acidic aqueous solutions was investigated. It was shown, that the reduction reaction of Pd(II) is selective in respect to Pd(II) complex structure. The kinetic of the process was monitored spectrophotometrically. The influence of chloride ions concentration, Pd(II) initial concentration, reductant concentration, ionic strength as well as the temperature were investigated in respect to the process dynamics. Arrhenius equation parameters were determined and are equal to 65.8 kJ/mol, and A = 1.12×1011 s-1.

9

Spectrophotometric Analysis of the Kinetic of Pd(II) Chloride Complex Ions Sorption Process from Diluted Aqua Solutions Using Commercially Available Activated Carbon

Wojnicki M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2017

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Vol. 62, iss. 4

2405--2411

EN

In this paper, results of adsorption kinetic studies of Pd(II) chloride complex ions on activated carbon Organosrob 10 CO are presented. Spectorphotometrical method was applied to investigate the process. Kinetic model was proposed, and fundamental thermodynamic parameters were determined. Proposed kinetic model describes well observed phenomenon in the studied range of concentration of Pd(II) chloride complex ions as well, as concentration of activated carbon.

10

Badanie elektrochemicznej absorpcji wodoru w palladzie i jego stopach przy użyciu elektrod o ograniczonej objętości

Łukaszewski M., Grdeń M.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2016

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[Z] 70, 3-4

219--252

EN

The review summarizes the results of the electrochemical studies on hydrogen absorption in Pd and Pd alloys prepared in the form of thin deposits on a hydrogen -neutral matrix. This kind of electrodes, called Limited Volume Electrodes (LVE), enables to limit and control the amount of absorbed hydrogen inside a Pd sample and makes it possible to study the process of hydrogen absorption under electrochemical conditions. The amount of absorbed hydrogen, phase transition potentials, hysteresis effect and the rate of hydrogen absorption/desorption can be determined using cyclic voltammetric, chronoamperometric and chronopotentiometric techniques. The mechanism of the interactions of hydrogen with Pd-LVE is presented. The influence of electrode potential, temperature and Pd layer thickness on the process of hydrogen absorption is discussed. The behavior of Pd alloys towards hydrogen is summarized. The interrelation between hydrogen absorption and surface processes is described. The examples of the use of LVE in applied electrochemistry are given.

11

Catalytic activity of Pd-Ni in the oxidation of hydrogen for the safety of Catalytic activity of Pd-Ni in the oxidation of hydrogen for the safety of nuclear power plan

Łomot D., Karpiński Z.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2016

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Vol. 18, nr 1

15--18

EN

Pd-Ni/Al2O3 systems were investigated in the reaction of hydrogen oxidation in terms of their possible application as catalysts used in passive autocatalytic recombiners (PARs) used in nuclear power plants. Testing experiments were carried out in a flowing system at different temperatures and humidity of the reaction mixture. The bimetallic catalysts exhibited higher response to the increase of temperature and higher resistance to inhibit water than the monometallic palladium catalyst. They showed excellent stability during a few tens of hours, similarly, like their monometallic counterpart. Our bimetallic catalysts of hydrogen oxidation can be used as cheaper alternatives to catalysts based on the precious metals in the hydrogen oxidation without loss of their activity over time.

12

Polysiloxanes as supports for transition metal catalysts

Cypryk M., Pospiech P.

Polimery

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2016

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T. 61, nr 6

407--412

EN

This article reviews the potential applicability of polysiloxanes as supports for transition metal catalysts. Unique physicochemical properties of polysiloxanes suggest their usefulness as catalyst supports. Polysiloxanes of various macromolecular topologies – linear and star-shaped and hyperbranched – with the functional side groups capable of binding transition metals were prepared. These polymers were used as carriers for palladium and rhodium complexes. The activities of so-immobilized complexes of transition metals in model reactions were comparable to that of the corresponding homogeneous complexes of these metals.

PL

Przedstawiono przegląd potencjalnych zastosowań polisiloksanów jako nośników katalizatorów opartych na metalach przejściowych. Unikatowe właściwości fizykochemiczne polisiloksanów wskazują na ich przydatność w charakterze nośników katalizatorów. Otrzymano polisiloksany o różnych topologiach makrocząsteczek – liniowych, gwiaździstych i hiperrozgałęzionych – zawierających boczne grupy funkcyjne zdolne do wiązania metali przejściowych. Polimery te wykorzystano jako nośniki kompleksów palladu i rodu. Immobilizowane kompleksy metali przejściowych w modelowych reakcjach wykazały aktywność porównywalną z aktywnością katalizatorów homogenicznych.

13

Analysis of surface properties of semiconducting (Ti,Pd,Eu)Ox thin films

Wojcieszak D., Kaczmarek D., Domaradzki J.

Opto-Electronics Review

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2016

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Vol. 24, No. 1

15--19

EN

In this paper an analysis of the surface properties of (Ti,Pd,Eu)Ox thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering has been described. In particular, the results of composition and structure investigations were studied in relation to the surface state and optical properties. It was found that (Ti,Pd,Eu)Ox film was nanocrystalline and had a rutile structure. The average crystallites size was equal to 7.8 nm. Films were homogeneous and had densely packed grains. Investigation of the surface properties by XPS showed that titanium was present at 4+ state (in the TiO2 form), palladium occurred as PdO2 (also at 4+ state), while europium was in Eu2O3 form (at 3+ state). In comparison with the unmodiffied TiO2, the coating with Pd and Eu additives had a rather high transparency (approx. 47%) in the visible light range, its optical absorption edge was shifted towards into the longer wavelengths (from 345 nm to 452 nm), and the width of optical energy gap Egopt was nearly twice lower (1.82 eV). Besides, the resistivity of (Ti,Pd,Eu)Ox at room temperature was 1×103 Wcm. In the case of the film as-deposited on Si substrate (p-type) the generation of photocurrent as a response to light beam excitation (λexc = 527 nm) was observed.

14

Woltamperometryczna metoda oznaczania platynowców na stałej elektrodzie bizmutowej

Hołowiak D., Baś B., Węgiel K.

Analit

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2016

|

Nr 2

164--169

PL

W pracy zaprezentowano nowatorski opis woltamperometrycznej procedury oznaczania jednego z metali z grupy platynowców, Pd(II), przy użyciu pierścieniowej elektrody bizmutowej (RBiABE) z elektrochemicznie aktywowaną powierzchnią. Praca dotyczy niezwykle istotnych zagadnień związanych z oznaczaniem śladowych ilości platynowców w próbkach środowiskowych. Badanie przeprowadzono przy wykorzystaniu katalityczno-adsorpcyjnej woltamperometrii stripingowej CAdSV. W opracowaniu zawarto niezbędne informacje o źródłach zanieczyszczenia środowiska związkami palladu i platyny, a także opisano inne metody analityczne stosowane do oznaczania śladowych zawartości Pd(II) i Pt(II). Analiza obejmowała oznaczenie jonów Pd(II) w dotowanych próbkach wód (z rzeki Rudawa oraz wody wodociągowej), dokładność metody potwierdzono przez badanie odzysku. Uwagę skupiono na doborze najkorzystniejszych parametrów instrumentalnych rejestracji woltamogramów oraz optymalizacji składu elektrolitu podstawowego. W optymalnych warunkach pomiaru, dla proponowanej procedury oznaczania Pd(II) uzyskano limit detekcji LoD = 3·10-3 μg/L, liniową odpowiedź w zakresie 2–180 μg/L i powtarzalność w granicach od 0,1 do 7,7%. W celu oceny zakresu liniowości metody sporządzono krzywą kalibracji, dla której uzyskano współczynnik korelacji r = 0,9997. Stwierdzono, iż przedłożona procedura analityczna pozwala na precyzyjne i dokładne oznaczenie jonów Pd(II) w próbkach wód rzecznych. Stąd wniosek, że metoda może znaleźć zastosowanie w rutynowych oznaczeniach jonów palladu w wodach.

EN

This work describes application a novel type of renewable bismuth bulk annular band working electrode (RBiABE) for adsorptive stripping voltammetric (AdSV) determination ions of platinum group metals - Pd (II). Measurements were performed using catalytic-adsorptive stripping voltammetry (CAdSV). The usefulness of the electrode RBiABE in environmental analysis was demonstrated by studying the recovery of Pd(II) from spiked tap and river water samples (Rudawa - Kraków, Poland). Considerable attention is focused on the selection of instrumental parameters (composition of the electrolyte, pH, time and potential). The proposed method was successfully applied in determination of the ion Pd (II), the limit of detection was LoD = 3 · 10-3 mg / L, a linear response in the range of 2-180 mg / L and repeatability in the range of 0.1 to 7.7% . The effectiveness of the procedure was tested by studying the linearity of the method (r = 0.9997). The analytical procedure allows for precise and accurate determination of Pd (II) ions in the samples of river water. Therefore, it can successfully be used in routine assays of palladium ions in water samples.

15

Synteza nanocząstek palladu przy użyciu DMAB w kwaśnych chlorkowych roztworach wodnych

Wojnicki M.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne Recykling

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2015

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R. 60, nr 2

68--72

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących syntezy nanocząstek palladu w roztworach wodnych. Wykazano, że możliwe jest otrzymywanie nanocząstek palladu o wąskiej dystrybucji rozmiaru używając jako reduktora dimetyloamino boranu. Promień hydrodynamiczny otrzymywanych cząstek może być kontrolowany i zależy głównie od typu zastosowanego stabilizatora. Zmiana wielkości nanocząstek palladu w zależności od zastosowanego środka powierzchniowo czynnego może być przedstawiona następująco PVA > PVP > CTAB.

EN

The results of the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles in aqueous solutions are shown. Various stabilizing agents were used (CTAB, PVA and PVP). It was found, that it is possible to obtain nanoparticles of palladium with narrow size distribution using dimethyloamino borane as a reducing agent. Hydrodynamic radius of the nanoparticles depends mainly on the type of applied stabilizing agent and can be described in the following order PVA > PVP > CTAB.

16

Highly efficient facilitated membrane transport of palladium(ii) ions from hydrochloric acid solutions through plasticizer membranes with cyanex 471X

Pospiech B.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

|

2015

|

Vol. 51, iss. 1

281--291

EN

In this work the efficient recovery of palladium(II) ions from hydrochloric acid solutions by transport through polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) was studied. The membrane consisted of cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the polymeric support, o-nitrophenyl octyl ether (ONPOE) as the plasticizer and Cyanex 471X (triisobutylphosphine sulphide) as the ion carrier. The effect of various parameters on the transport kinetics and the recovery factor of palladium(II) was studied, including concentration of Cyanex 471X in the membrane, hydrochloric acid concentration in the source phase and potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) concentration in the receiving phase.

17

The influence of technological PVD process parameters on the topography, crystal and molecular structure of nanocomposite films containing palladium nanograins

Rymarczyk J., Czerwosz E., Kozłowski M., Dłużewski P., Kowalski W.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2014

|

Vol. 16, nr 3

18--24

EN

The paper describes the preparation and characteristics of films composed of Pd nanograins placed in carbonaceous matrix. Films were obtained in PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) process from two sources containing: the first one – fullerene powder and the second one – palladium acetate. The topographical, morphological and structural changes due to different parameters of PVD process were studied with the use of Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy, whereas the structure was studied with the application of the Transmission Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy methods. It was shown that topographical changes are connected with the decomposition ratio of Pd acetate as well as the form of carbonaceous matrix formed due to this decomposition. Palladium nanograins found in all films exhibit the fcc structure type and their diameter changes from 2 nm to 40 nm depending on the PVD process parameters.

18

Pd/GaN(0001) interface properties

Grodzicki M., Mazur P, Zuber S., Pers J, Ciszewski A.

Materials Science Poland

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2014

|

Vol. 32, No. 2

252--256

EN

Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Wroclaw, pl. Maxa Borna 9, 50-204 Wrocław, Poland This report concerns the properties of an interface formed between Pd films deposited onto the surface of (0001)-oriented n-type GaN at room temperature (RT) under ultrahigh vacuum. The surface of clean substrate and the stages of Pd-film growth were characterized in situ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). As-deposited Pd films are grainy, cover the substrate surface uniformly and reproduce its topography. Electron affinity of the clean n-GaN surface amounts to 3.1 eV. The work function of the Pd-film is equal to 5.3 eV. No chemical interaction has been found at the Pd/GaN interface formed at RT. The Schottky barrier height of the Pd/GaN contact is equal to 1.60 eV.

19

Method of determination of palladium concentration for C-Pd nanostructural films as a function of film thickness, roughness and topography

Rymarczyk J., Kozłowski M.

Materials Science Poland

|

2014

|

Vol. 32, No. 2

228--235

EN

In this paper a method of determination of Pd in a carbon-palladium film (C–Pd film) deposited on a quartz substrate is presented. This method is based on energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and all experiments were performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with EDX system. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out for C–Pd films prepared by PVD method in different technological conditions. It was shown that results of the experiments depended on the structural model, film thickness and electron beam energy used for Pd content calculation. This method enabled us to conclude on the homogeneity of palladium distribution in the whole volume of carbonaceous matrix, depending on the parameters of PVD process. Additionally, these studies showed that a different palladium concentration in C–Pd films had a significant impact on their topography and morphology.

20

Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Pd(II) with Sodium salt of hexamethyleneiminecarbodithioate

Dhanavate S. D., Garole D. J., Garole V. J., Tetgure S. R., Sawant A. D.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

|

2014

|

Vol. 4

20--28

EN

The reagent NaHMICdt•2H2O has found to be a good chelating agent for the spectrophotometric determination of various metal ions. The present investigation deals with spectrophotometric determination of Pd(II) by using NaHMICdt•2H2O. The reagent reacted with Pd(II) to give yellow complex extractable into toluene. Pd (II) was extracted quantitatively in the pH range 0.5-2.0. Pd(II)-HMICdt complex showed λmax at 435 nm. The extracted species has a 1:2 (M:L) stoicheometry. Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of 0.2-0.8 μg ml-1 of Pd (II). The molar absorptivity and the sandells sensitivity were found to be 0.754 x 104 lmol-1cm-1 and 0.0140 μg mol-1 cm-2 respectively. The effect of divers ion on the extraction of Pd(II) has been investigated. The proposed method is highly sensitive, selective, and simple and rapid has been applied for accurate determination of palladium in synthesis mixtures and real samples.