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Stanowisko późnoczwartorzędowych osadów jaskiniowych : schronisko nad Jaskinią Zegar w Skalach Zegarowych (Wyżyna Częstochowska)

Krajcarz M. T., Sudoł M., Krajcarz M., Cyrek K.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 10

s. 546--553

EN

The Shelter above the Zegar Cave (Shelter No 388) (N 50°25’41” E 19°40’27”) is located in the Zegarowe Rocks ridge in the Ryczów Upland (southern part of the Czêstochowa Upland), municipalityWolbrom, district Olkusz. In 2009, Mrs. Jadwiga and Mr. Lucjan Wodarz found an archeological flint artifact in a type of leaf point at the slope below the Shelter. This finding allowed suspecting the presence of Palaeolithic cultural layers inside or near the Shelter. The authors’aim was to recognize the geological context of the Palaeolithic settlement of the Shelter above the Zegar Cave and its neighborhood, and in further perspective of the entire southern part of the Ryczów Upland micro-region. Four layers were discovered in the Shelter during field works (downward): I – humic silty loam, Holocene; II – loess altered by secondary soil processes during the Holocene; III – unaltered loess, dated to MOIS 2; IV – silty cave loam with limestone rubble, dated to MOIS 3. The chronostratigraphy is based on lithostratigraphy and confirmed by radiocarbon and thermoluminescence dating. An archaeological cultural level occurs in layer IV, most probably related to the shift from the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic. The sequence of cave sediments may be well correlated with numerous profiles of cave sites from the Kraków-Czêstochowa Upland.

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Najstarsza ceramika - dowody umiejętności wypalania ceramiki w kulturach archeologicznych z okresu 30-20/16 tysięcy lat temu

Kuczyńska A.

Materiały Ceramiczne

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2011

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T. 63, nr 1

215-220

PL

Zagadnienie wytwarzania ceramiki w górnym paleolicie nie jest powszechnie znane, tym bardziej, że jej masowe wykorzystanie datuje się na kilka-kilkanaście tysięcy lat później - w neolicie. Najliczniej zabytki ceramiczne pochodzą z Czech, a w mniejszej ilości ze Słowacji, Austrii i Rosji. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na różne aspekty wytwarzania ceramiki w górnym paleolicie. Analiza kontekstu archeologicznego pokazała, że fragmenty ceramiki znajdowano w różnych miejscach stanowisk. Badania dowiodły, że glina pochodziła z lokalnych surowców. Sam proces wytwarzania składał się z kilku etapów, polegających na odpowiednim przygotowaniu masy ceramicznej i wypalaniu w różnych warunkach. Fragmenty z ceramiki przedstawiają zarówno zwierzęta i ludzi, jak i formy nieokreślone. Zagadnienie ceramiki górnopaleolitycznej zostało opracowane szczegółowo na podstawie materiałów z Czech. Na wielu innych stanowiskach archeologicznych nie przeprowadzono jeszcze kompleksowych badań.

EN

The production of ceramic materials in the Upper Palaeolithic epoch has not known universally especially as pottery was used in the Neolithic epoch on a large scale some thousand years later. The majority of ceramic fragments was found in Czech Republic and the minority in Slovakia, Austria and Russia. There are some aspects of the ceramics production in the Upper Palaeolithic mentioned in the article. The ceramic fragments were found in various places in the sites. The studies revealed that clay was local and the production route encompassed a few stages, including preparation of ceramic mass and heat treatment at different conditions. Many different representations were made such as animals, people and unspecified. Many burn techniques were known. So far, the Upper Palaeolithic ceramic production has been analyzed in detail only in Czech Republic, but it has not been done comprehensively in other sites.

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The Gravettian and Epigravettian lithic assemblages from Kraków-Spadzista B+B 1: dynamic approach to the technology

Wilczyński J.

Folia Quaternaria

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2007

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nr 77

37-96

EN

Lithic assemblages from two main occupational phases of the Kraków-Spadzista B+B 1 are discussed in this paper, including assemblages from the Gravettian layer 6 and the Epigravettian layer 5. Assemblages from layer 6 represent a number of consecutive occupational episodes, subsequently reworked by solifluction. Consequently, the two main activities: butchering and production of lithic tools are mixed up in the cantent of layer 6. Limited number of refits from this layer confirms the horizontal and vertical displacement of the whole lithic and bone material, making impossible the reconstruction of particular occupational and functional episodes. During the formation of layer 5, the site was not functionally related to mammoth hunting and butchering, but focused on exploitation and processing of local flint. Numerous technological refits indicate that the on-site lithic production included not only blades, but also pre-cores and cores.