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1

Cymerman Zbigniew, Grabowski Jacek, Jasionowski Marek, Kasiński Jacek, Kiersnowski Hubert, Krobicki Michał, Leszczyński Krzysztof, Narkiewicz Marek, Pacześna Jolanta, Peryt Tadeusz

Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2023

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T. 207

9--90

PL

Na obszarze Polski wyróżniono 48 basenów sedymentacyjnych obejmujących utwory od ediakaru po pliocen. Opierając się głównie na dostępnych opracowaniach publikowanych, w tym kartograficznych, określono granice basenów, stosując oprogramowanie ArcGIS, a także zestawiono krótkie opisy poszczególnych jednostek. W opisach zarysowano ich zasadnicze cechy: plan strukturalny, wiek wypełnienia osadowego i jego charakterystykę, powierzchnię wychodni, zasięg regionalny na tle elementów tektoniki i paleogeografii oraz genezę. Baseny zaliczono do czterech ogólnych kategorii regionalnych: epikontynentalne (24), włączone w górotwór (14), śródgórskie (4) i związane z terranami (6). Większość opisanych jednostek (32) należy do basenów wychodzących poza granice Polski. Powierzchnia wychodni basenów (w granicach kraju) mieści się w szerokim zakresie: od 11 km2 (basen zgorzelecki) do 284 761 km2 (mezozoiczny basen Niżu Polskiego), przy średnim obszarze 27 290 km2. Nieliczne baseny (w zależności od interpretacji podłoża: 9–15) są rozwinięte bezpośrednio na fundamencie krystalicznym, znaczna większość została nałożona na jednostki powstałe wcześniej, nierzadko w wyniku reaktywacji dawniejszych ram tektonicznych. Głównie na podstawie prac publikowanych przedstawiono zarys genezy poszczególnych basenów, a także wstępnie zaliczono je do ośmiu kategorii genetycznych: obrzeże pasywne, pasmo fałdowo-nasuwcze, basen: przedgórski, przedłukowy, pull-apart, śródkratoniczny, ryftowy i załukowy. Baseny poligenetyczne, o wieloetapowej historii rozwoju, zaliczono do kategorii odnoszącej się do etapu inicjacji basenu. Luki w rozpoznaniu niektórych opisanych basenów sprawiają, że w miarę dopływu nowych materiałów badawczych może ulec zmianie ich definicja, ewentualnie nastąpi ich wewnętrzny podział regionalny lub stratygraficzny, czy też połączenie z sąsiednimi jednostkami.

EN

The catalogue provides description of 48 sedimentary basins from the territory of Poland, comprising deposits from Ediacaran to Pliocene. Basin boundaries in the Arc GIS format, as well as short descriptions of particular units, have been based mainly on published data, including cartographic materials. Descriptions include essential characteristics such as: structural plan, age and general features of a sedimentary fill, regional extent against tectonic and paleogeographic boundaries, and brief genetic considerations. The basins were ascribed to four general regional categories: epicontinental (24 units), incorporated in an orogen (14), intramontane (4), and associated with allochthonous terranes (6). The basin area, defined here as the present area of outcrops or subcrops, ranges from 11 km2 (Zgorzelec Basin) to 284,761 km2 (Mesozoic Basin of the Polish Lowlands), with a mean of 27,290 km2. Most of the described units (32) extend beyond the Polish territory into surrounding countries. Some basins (depending on the basement interpretation: 9-15) are developed directly on a crystalline basement. Majority of basins onlap earlier units, commonly due to reactivation of the pre-existing tectonic framework. A brief review of mechanisms that led to basin formation allowed the authors to ascribe the units to eight genetic categories: passive margin, fold-and-thrust belt, foreland, fore-arc, pull-apart, intracratonic, rift, and back-arc basins. In several instances of polygenetic (polyhistory) basins they were included to a category corresponding to the initial stage of basin development. The present study pinpoints some gaps in our knowledge of particular basins. Once filled, they may lead to changes in basin concepts and definitions, and also to their further subdivision or, conversely, unification.

2

U-Pb and K-Ar geochronology of the subvolcanic rock pebbles from the Cretaceous and Paleogene gravelstones and conglomerates of the Pieniny Klippen Belt (Carpathians; Poland, Slovakia) – relevance for tectonic evolution and palaeogeography

Poprawa Paweł, Krobicki Michał, Nejbert Krzysztof, Krzemińska Ewa, Armstrong Richard, Pecskay Zoltan

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

58--58

EN

In the Pieniny Klippen Belt (PKB), the Cretaceous and Paleogene conglomerates and cohesive debrites commonly contain pebbles and blocks of the subvolcanic rocks among other, mainly sedimentary rocks (e.g. multicoloured sandstones, oolitic limestones, dark bivalve coquinas, dolostones, etc.). This detritus was interpreted as derived from the Andrusov Ridge located south of the PKB basin (Birkenmajer, 1988). Age of these subvolcanic rocks, regarded to represent subduction-related igneous activity, was previously constrained by K-Ar whole rock dating as c. 140–90 Ma, leading to suggestion that during Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous PKB basin developed on oceanic lithosphere, subducted during at the end of Early Cretaceous (Birkenmajer, 1988). Within this study, the geochemical composition, the K-Ar whole rock age and the U-Pb zircon ages of the above mentioned subvolcanic rocks were studied. The pebbles are well rounded. They are represented by granitic and subvolcanic andesitic-type rocks (mainly andesite, basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite, trachyandesite and rhyolitic pebbles, and rare dacite, tephrite, trachybasaltic and basaltic pebbles). Domination of andesitic pebbles, bimodal spectrum of volcanic rocks with high content of SiO2 (rhyolites, dacites) and Na2O and K2O within mafic and transitional ones is observed. Their petrographic character and geochemical analysis of concentration of rare elements with MgO > 2% ratio and La/Yb 4–35, Sc/Ni < 1.5, Sr/Y < 20, Ta/Yb > 0.1, Th/Yb > 1 values, indicate magmatic island arc of active continental margin similar to Andean-type subduction regime. The K-Ar whole rock dating was performed for 17 samples. The obtained ages cover mainly the Early Cretaceous time span, with the most data representing the Barremian-Albian, therefore are coherent with Birkenmajer (1988) results. However, the U-Pb SHRIMP zircon dating reveled different results. Most of the analyzed subvolcanic rock samples (9) give ages in the narrow range of c. 270–266 Ma. The ages are based on concordant data with amount of measured point in a range of 20–30, and are characterized by low error bars, usually lower than ±2 Ma. In addition, one sample of subvolcanic rock gave lower quality results, with a few youngest, partly concordant, zircons grains giving the age of 251.0 Ma ±8.5 Ma. Moreover, one sample of orthogenesis was analyzed, which is regarded to represent crust on which the volcanic arc developed. In this case the U-Pb SHRIMP zircon dating result is 493.9 Ma ±4.1 Ma. We regard these pebbles/blocks to be derived from the Inner Carpathians, assuming therefore lack of the Andrusov Ridge located south of the PKB basin (comp. Plašienka, 2018). The results of K-Ar whole rock dating is representative for intensive diagenetic overprint, rather than age of the rock. The U-Pb data clearly indicate, that subduction-related magmatic arc developed during the middle Permian (Guadalupian). This follows, that the oceanic crust was of the middle Permian or older age, and thus cannot be related to the Jurassic-Early Cretaceous development of the PKB basin. The magmatic arc was presumably connected with southern margin of Laurusia and subduction of oceanic crust of the Paleotethys (proto-Vardar Ocean?).

3

Palaeogeographic perturbations in the key-area between the Alpine Tethys and the Neotethys Realms during the time of tectonic overturns: Jurassic of the Alpine-Dinaric transition zone

Rožič Boštjan

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

60--61

EN

The major Mesozoic palaeogeographic disintegration of the present-day transitional area between the Alps and the Dinarides (Slovenia) occurred due to the Middle Triassic rifting event related with the opening of the Neotethys Ocean. By the Norian, three major palaeogeographic units were formed: the Dinaric (Adriatic, Friuli) Carbonate Platform (DCP) in the south, intermediate, E-W extending Slovenian Basin (SB) and the Julian Carbonate Platform (JCP) in the north. The platforms were characterized by a Dachstein type platform, while the basin was filled with hemiplegic and resedimented limestones, most of which are now dolomitized. To the west, there was a shallow water “bridge” between the two platforms. After the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary crisis, the palaeogeographic setting was preserved, but the margins of the platforms turned into ooidal factories. During the Early Jurassic, SB was almost exclusively filled with ooid calciturbidites from the north, which can be explained by the wind/leeward position of the basin with respect to the particular platform. The first rifting phase of the opening Alpine Tethys, generally dated to the earliest Jurassic, is poorly expressed in this area. The main products are limestone breccias that occur in the western part of the SB. In contrast, the second rifting phase (dated to the Pliensbachian in Slovenia) completely disintegrated JCP. The margins subsided first and were characterized by open shelf conditions with crinoid meadows, while the inner parts of the JCP remained shallow-marine. In the SB, the initial subsidence can be seen in the altered composition of the calciturbidites. Namely, the ooid/peloid dominated resediments changed to crinoid/ lithoclast dominated. In the Toarcian, sedimentation ended on most of the JCP, with only sporadic marls occurring at the margins. At the same time, the sedimentary environment of the DCP also deepened and nodular or crinoid limestone was deposited. The SB is characterized by uniform clay-rich sediments that vary greatly in thickness, indicative of differential subsidence caused by the second rifting phase. In the Middle Jurassic, shallow-water sedimentation re-established on the DCP, the margin being characterized again by ooidal shoals, the sedimentation of the SB gradually changed to siliceous limestone, while the JCP and the “bridge” between the JCP and DCP are characterized by non-sedimentation. The last important Jurassic change occurred during the Bajocian-Bathonian stages. Condensed Ammonitico Rosso-type limestone began to be deposited on the “bridge” and the JCP, while sedimentation in the SB changed to pure radiolarite. In the past, this was interpreted as a result of thermal subsidence associated with oceanization of the Alpine Tethys. However, studies in the last decade suggest a more complex tectonic evolution. Because the area in question lies between the opening Alpine Tethys to the west and the concurrent onset of subduction of the Neotethys to the east, it has been subject to strong differential subsidence between the largescale DCP and all units north of it. The exact nature of the tectonic deformation is not yet clear, but a transtensional regime is most probable. These events resulted in the disintegration and collapse of the northern DCP margin, as evidenced by the sedimentation of limestone breccia megabeds along the entire SB southern margin. These megabeds not only indicate enhanced tectonics, but also provide important information about the pre-Middle Jurassic architecture of the DCP margin, which is no longer preserved. They consist of very diverse limestone lithoclasts and an ooid packstone matrix. Analysis of the clasts revealed that the Late Triassic DCP margin was characterized by Dachstein-type reefs and the Early Jurassic by ooid shoals. In the interior of SB, these strata merge into ooid calciturbidites interlayered between radiolarite and become completely wedged in the northern part of the basin. Corresponding gravity-flow deposits also sedimented on the subsided “bridge” between the DCP and the JCP, and even on the northern margin of the DCP itself. An important difference is the simpler composition of the resediments in this area. Namely, they consist entirely of Middle Jurassic platform margin and slope lithoclasts. This is explained by the less pronounced palaeotopography between the active platform and submerged “bridge”, which did not allow erosion of the older platform limestone (as observed in SB). The described collapse of the DCP margin caused it to retreat, and marginal reefs formed over the underlying inner platform limestones in the Late Jurassic. The emersion phase in the Kimmeridgian ended reef growth and the margin turned back into ooid rich shoals. At the same time, the SB was characterized by continuous radiolarite sedimentation and drowned JCP together with the “bridge” with the Ammonitico rosso facies, characterized by several stratigraphic gaps. Rare calciturbidites are interbedded in areas near the DCP (southern SB and a drowned “bridge”). At the end of Jurassic, all areas north of the DCP show uniform sedimentation of the Biancone Limestone Formation.

4

Pre-Variscan palaeogeographical structures in the Cantabrian Zone, Spain: some critical considerations regarding their origin, location and significance

Van Loevezijn Gerard B.S.

Geologos

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2023

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Vol. 29, No. 2

77--97

EN

An update of the main Devonian pre-Variscan palaeogeographical features of the southern Cantabrian Zone is presented. The approximal locations of these features are recorded in sections studied, with thin, incomplete developments for the highs and thick successions for the troughs. Generally, pre-Variscan palaeogeographical features were affected by Variscan and Alpine orogenic deformations, but with a different impact. Oroclinal bending, tectonic shortening by thrusts, movements along strike-slip faults and bending by folds all affected the Devonian palaeogeographical features, and only an approximation of their location and shape can be given. Nevertheless, the palaeogeography recorded in pre-Variscan sedimentary successions and their relative positions, provide specific, clear and objective evidence of the pre-Variscan elements.

5

Lower Carboniferous solitary rugose corals from the Flett Formation of the Liard Basin, northwestern Canada vs. European and Asian Rugosa of the same geological age

Chwieduk Edward

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2022

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Vol. 72, no. 1

33--88

EN

The paper focuses on the taxonomic description of the lower Carboniferous (uppermost Tournaisian to middle Viséan) solitary rugose corals from bedded limestone and shale units in the Flett Formation in the Jackfish Gap (eastern Liard Range), northwestern Canada. The corals described herein include 12 species representing the genera Ankhelasma Sando, 1961, Bradyphyllum Grabau, 1928, Caninophyllum Lewis, 1929, Cyathaxonia Michelin, 1847, Ekvasophyllum Parks, 1951, EnniskilleniaKabakovich in Soshkina et al., 1962, Vesiculophyllum Easton, 1944 and Zaphrentites Hudson, 1941. Two of these species are new (Ankhelasma canadense sp. nov. and Ekvasophyllum variabilis sp. nov.) and 6 taxa are described in open nomenclature. The distribution and relative abundance of solitary Rugosa in Europe and the Liard Basin confirm the geographical proximity of those areas and the open marine communication between them during the early Carboniferous. It therefore represents an important contribution to the determination of the time of isolation of the western Laurussia shelf fauna from that of southeastern Laurussia, as well as the time of the possible emergence of species from southeastern Laurussia into the western Laurussia seas. Of particular importance here are cosmopolitan taxa and the timing of their disappearance from the fossil record.

6

Rozwój wybrzeża mierzejowego we wschodniej części Zatoki Pomorskiej

Sydor Paweł

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 1

21--2

EN

The studies were conducted on the barrier coast located in the eastern part of Pomeranian Bay. The main study goal was to present the development of the barrier coast between Niechorze and Kołobrzeg, with particular emphasis on the impact of sea level changes in the Baltic Sea. Based on collected data, three basic groups of deposits were identified in the study area: barrier basement deposits, barrier deposits, and Rega River outlet cone deposits. To recreate the barrier development stages, sea level changes in the eastern part of Pomeranian Bay for the last 8,500years were reconstructed. At that time, the coast migrated to the south. The first barriers in the study area appeared around 7,500years b2k. The main factors conditioning the barrier coast development in were climate changes, sea level changes, barrier basement morphology and lithology, as well as the amount of supplied sedimentary material. The reconstructed stages of barrier development show that there are sections of different barrier types (landward-migrating to accreted barrier, landward-migrating barrier through accreted barrier to landward-migrating barrier, landward-migrating barrier) in the study area.

7

The maximum ice sheet extent and its retreat in the western part of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, during the Sanian 2 Glaciation/MIS 12 based on geological data and analysis of karst phenomena

Dzierżek Jan, Lindner Leszek, Cabalski Krzysztof, Urban Jan, Cyglicki Michał

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2021

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Vol. 71, no. 2

199--218

EN

The paper is focused on the palaeographic development of the western part of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, during the maximum extent of the Sanian 2 (MIS 12) ice sheet and its retreat. The studies were based on archival cartographic data, coupled with new lithological and petrographic analyses of limni- and fluvioglacial sands, i.e., grain-size composition, quartz grain morphology and heavy mineral analysis, as well as analysis of the erratic material of tills. The results confirm the regional variability of the erratic material in the Sanian 2 tills and point to the long-term development of fluvioglacial sands cover documenting cold climate conditions. They also evidence that the western part of the Holy Cross Mountains was the area where two oppositely directed ice sheet lobes (Radoszyce and Sandomierz) advanced during the Sanian 2 Glaciation and that deglaciation of the area took place in two stages. Huge quantities of meltwater released at that time contributed to the intensification of earlier initiated karst phenomena, as well as filling of the existing caves by fluvioglacial sands.

8

The erratic rocks of the Upper Cretaceous Chalk of England: how did they get there, ice transport or other means?

Jeans Christopher V., Platten Ian M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2021

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Vol. 71, no. 3

287--304

EN

Rare erratic clasts - extraneous rock types - occur in the Upper Cretaceous Chalk, including a local basal facies, the Cambridge Greensand. The underlying Upper Albian Gault Clay and the Hunstanton Red Chalk Formations have also yielded erratics. The discovery of these erratics, their description and the development of hypotheses to explain their origins and significance are reviewed. They became the subject of scientific interest with the interpretation of a particularly large example “The Purley Boulder” by Godwin-Austen (1858) as having been transported to its depositional site in the Chalk Sea by drifting coastal ice. Thin section petrography (1930–1951) extended knowledge of their diverse provenance. At the same time the Chalk Sea had become interpreted as warm, so drifting ice was considered out of context, and the preferred agents of transport were entanglement in the roots of drifting trees, as holdfasts of floating marine algae, or as stomach stones of marine reptiles or large fish. Reconsideration of their occurrence, variable nature and sedimentary setting suggests that there are three zones in the English Chalk where erratics may be less rare (1) near the base of the Cenomanian in the Cambridge area, (2) the Upper Cenomanian-Middle Turonian in Surrey, and (3) the Upper Coniacian and Lower Santonian of Kent. The assemblage from each level and their sedimentary setting is subtly different. Present evidence suggests that the erratics found in the Upper Albian-Lower Cenomanian and the Upper Cenomanian-Middle Turonian zones represent shallow water and shoreline rocks that were transported into the Chalk Sea by coastal ice (fast-ice) that enclosed coastal marine sediments as it froze. The Upper Coniacian and Lower Santonian erratics from Rochester and Gravesend in Kent are gastroliths.

9

Geological setting and lithological inventory of the Czarna Woda conglomerates (Magura Nappe, Polish Outer Carpathians)

Oszczypko Nestor, Oszczypko-Clowes Marta, Olszewska Barbara

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2020

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Vol. 70, no. 3

397--418

EN

During the late Oligocene to early Miocene the residual Magura Basin was located along the front of the Pieniny Klippen Belt (PKB). This basin was supplied with clastic material derived from a south-eastern direction. In the Małe (Little) Pieniny Mts. in Poland, the late Oligocene/early Miocene Kremna Fm. of the Magura Nappe (Krynica subunit) occurs both in front of the PKB as well as in the tectonic windows within the PKB. Lenses of exotic conglomerates in the Kremna Fm. contain frequent clasts of Mesozoic limestones (e.g. limestones with “filaments” microfacies and Urgonian limestones) and Eocene shallow-water limestones. Fragments of crystalline and volcanic rocks occur subordinately. The provenance of these exotic rocks could be probably connected with Eocene exhumation and erosion of the SE part of the Dacia and Tisza Mega-Units.

10

Bashkirian Rugosa (Anthozoa) from the Donets Basin (Ukraine). Part 8. The Family Kumpanophyllidae Fomichev, 1953

Fedorowski Jerzy

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2019

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Vol. 69, no. 3

431--463

EN

The Family Kumpanophyllidae Fomichev, 1953, synonymised by Hill (1981) with the Family Aulophyllidae Dybowski, 1873, is emended and accepted as valid. The new concept of this family, based on both new collections and discussion on literature data, confirms the solitary growth form of its type genus Kumpanophyllum Fomichev, 1953. However, several fasciculate colonial taxa, so far assigned to various families, may belong to this family as well. The emended genus Kumpanophyllum forms a widely distributed taxon, present in Eastern and Western Europe and in Asia. Its Serpukhovian and Bashkirian occurrences in China vs Bashkirian occurrences in the Donets Basin and in Spain, may suggest its far-Asiatic origin, but none of the existing taxa can be suggested as ancestral for that genus. Thus, the suborder position of the Kumpanophyllidae remains unknown. Four new species: K. columellatum, K. decessum, K. levis, and K. praecox, three Kumpanophyllum species left in open nomenclature and one offsetting specimen, questionably assigned to the genus, are described.

11

Utwory jury środkowej przedgórza Karpat na obszarze Wadowice-Busko-Rzeszów, południowa Polska

Moryc W.

Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2018

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T. 205

5--55

PL

Utwory jury środkowej na obszarze przedgórza Karpat polskich występują w dwóch rejonach, północno-wschodnim (Księżpol-Nowy Lubliniec-Lubaczów) opracowanym przez autora w 2004 r. i południowym (Wadowice-Busko-Rzeszów), będącym tematem monografii. Jura środkowa rejonu Wadowice-Busko-Rzeszów jest zbudowana głównie z utworów silikoklastycznych o miąższości przekraczającej 300 m, reprezentujących wiek co najmniej od bajosu do keloweju włącznie. W monografii przedstawiono wyniki badań uzyskane w 148 otworach wiertniczych, skorelowanych na podstawie wykresów geofizyki wiertniczej oraz oznaczeń fauny i flory. Szczegółowo omówiono stosunki dotyczące miąższości utworów poszczególnych poziomów środkowojurajskich oraz przedstawiono tektonikę i paleogeografię tych skał. Podkreślono przekraczające ułożenie utworów i transgresywny postęp morza tetydzkiego, stopniowo zwiększającego zasięg i zajmującego coraz większe obszary lądowe.

EN

Middle Jurassic sediments in the Polish Carpathian Foreland occur in two regions: northern (Księżpol-Nowy Lubliniec-Lubaczów) described by Author in 2004 and the southern (Wadowice-Busko-Rzeszów), considered here. The latter contains mainly siliciclastic sediments of thickness exceeding 300 m, whose age range from (at least) Bajocian to Callovian. The study presents results obtained from boreholes, correlated on the basis of logging diagrams and the fauna and flora. The thickness of particular Middle Jurassic series, their tectonics and palaeogeography are discussed in details. The transgressive arrangement of the sediments and the transgressive advance of the Tethyan Ocean, which gradually covered increasingly large areas of land, is evidenced.

12

Late Ordovician palaeogeography and the positions of the Kazakh terranes through analysis of their brachiopod faunas

Popov L. E., Cocks L. R. M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2017

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Vol. 67, no. 3

323--380

EN

Detailed biogeographical and biofacies analyses of the Late Ordovician brachiopod faunas with 160 genera, grouped into 94 faunas from individual lithotectonic units within the Kazakh Orogen strongly support an archipelago model for that time in that area. The Kazakh island arcs and microcontinents within several separate clusters were located in the tropics on both sides of the Equator. Key units, from which the Late Ordovician faunas are now well known, include the Boshchekul, Chingiz-Tarbagatai, and Chu-Ili terranes. The development of brachiopod biogeography within the nearly ten million year time span of the Late Ordovician from about 458 to 443 Ma (Sandbian, Katian, and Hirnantian), is supported by much new data, including our revised identifications from the Kazakh Orogen and elsewhere. The Kazakh archipelago was west of the Australasian segment of the Gondwana Supercontinent, and relatively near the Tarim, South China and North China continents, apart from the Atashu-Zhamshi Microcontinent, which probably occupied a relatively isolated position on the south-western margin of the archipelago. Distinct faunal signatures indicate that the Kazakh terranes were far away from Baltica and Siberia throughout the Ordovician. Although some earlier terranes had joined each other before the Middle Ordovician, the amalgamation of Kazakh terranes into the single continent of Kazakhstania by the end of the Ordovician is very unlikely. The Late Ordovician brachiopods from the other continents are also compared with the Kazakh faunas and global provincialisation statistically determined.

13

Radiolarians of the uppermost Oxfordian (Hypselum Zone) of the Wieluń Upland (central Poland)

Smoleń J.

Volumina Jurassica

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2016

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Vol. 14, no. 1

51–-64

EN

Radiolarian assemblages from the uppermost Oxfordian (Hypselum Zone) deposits of two sections (Katarowa Góra and Bobrowniki) in the Wieluń Upland (central Poland) are studied for the first time. The overall composition of the assemblages is characterized by low taxonomic diversity, with many individuals of spherical morphotypes, with dominance of the family Williriedellidae and Gongylothoracidae, among the nassellarians. The radiolarians show features mostly of the Northern Tethyan fauna. Additionally, more cosmopolitan forms consisting of spumellarians and of cold water representatives of the family Parvicingulidae appear in the middle and upper parts of the Hypselum Zone. This change in the character of the radiolarian assemblages suggests Boreal influences into the Submediterranean basin related to activity of sea currents, which have been stimulated by climatic changes during the latest Oxfordian.

14

Ammonites and ammonite stratigraphy of the uppermost Jurassic (Tithonian) of the Owadów–Brzezinki quarry (central Poland)

Martja B., Wierzbowski A.

Volumina Jurassica

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2016

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Vol. 14, no. 1

65--122

EN

The Tithonian ammonite succession at the Owadów–Brzezinki quarry, central Poland shows the presence of Subboreal ammonites of both NE European (“Volgian”) and NW European (“Bolonian–Portlandian”) affinity, making possible the correlation between the relevant ammonite subdivisions. The former are represented by Zaraiskites – Z. regularis Kutek and Z. zarajskensis (Michalski) as well as an early form of Virgatites – V. gerassimovi Mitta which enable the recognition of the upper part of the Scythicus Zone (the Zaraj¬skensis Subzone) and the lower part of the Virgatus Zone (the Gerassimovi Subzone) of the “Middle Volgian”. The latter are represented by Virgatopavlovia, which enables the correlation with the Fittoni Zone of the uppermost “Bolonian”, and by still younger assemblage of small-sized virgatitids – such as V. pusillus (Michalski), showing similarity to Progalbanites albani (Arkell) of the Albani Zone of the lowermost “Portlandian”. The new species established include: Zaraiskites lewinskii sp. nov. which represents a new member of the virgatitid lineage linking an older Z. pommerania (Arkell) with younger small-sized Virgatites, as well as two species of the genus Virgatopavlovia – V. janeki sp. nov. and V. dembowskae sp. nov. The appearance of ammonites of NW and NE European affinity in central Poland resulted from the opening of the new sea routes possibly related with tectonic activity in northern European areas at the transition from Early to Late Tithonian.

15

The late Cenomanian oyster Lopha staufferi (Bergquist, 1944) – the oldest ribbed oyster in the Upper Cretaceous of the Western Interior of the United States

Hook S. C., Cobban W. A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2016

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Vol. 66, no. 4

609--626

EN

Lopha staufferi (Bergquist, 1944) is a medium-sized, ribbed, Late Cretaceous oyster with a slightly curved axis and a zigzag commissure; it appears suddenly and conspicuously in upper Cenomanian rocks in the Western Interior Basin of the United States. At maturity, the ribs on both valves thicken into steep flanks that allow the oyster to increase interior volume without increasing its exterior footprint on the seafloor. Lopha staufferi is the first (earliest) ribbed oyster in the Late Cretaceous of the Western Interior, but has no ancestor in the basin. It disappears from the rock record as suddenly as it appeared, leaving no direct descendent in the basin. In the southern part of the basin where it is well constrained, L. staufferi is restricted stratigraphically to the upper Cenomanian Metoicoceras mosbyense Zone (= Dunveganoceras conditum Zone in the north). Lopha staufferi has an unusual paleogeographic distribution, occurring in only two, widely scattered areas in the basin. It has been found at several localities near the western shoreline of the Late Cretaceous Seaway in west-central New Mexico and adjacent Arizona, and in localities 1,900 km (1,200 mi) to the northeast near the eastern shoreline in northeastern Minnesota, but nowhere in between. In west-central New Mexico and adjacent Arizona, L. staufferi is a guide fossil to the Twowells Tongue of the Dakota Sandstone.

16

Changes in paleo-circulation and the distribution of ammonite faunas at the Coniacian–Santonian transition in central Poland and western Ukraine

Remin Z., Gruszczyński M., Marshall J. D.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2016

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Vol. 66, no. 1

107--124

EN

Ammonite distribution patterns and carbon and oxygen stable isotopes from the Lipnik-Kije (Poland) and Dubovcy (Ukraine) sections allow us to propose a model of sea water paleo-circulation in central Europe for the Coniacian-Santonian interval. The tectonic evolution of the south-eastern part of Poland, and expansion of the Krukienic Island areas, appears to have been one of the most important factors affecting paleotemperatures and the distribution of ammonite faunas in the shallow, epicontinental sea in this part of Europe. In the Lipnik-Kije section, low-latitude Tethyan ammonites, especially of the genera Nowakites, Parapuzosia and Saghalinites, are mixed with the cold water loving ammonite genus Kitchinites in the Lower Santonian. In the Dubovcy section (western Ukraine), Tethyan ammonites disappear abruptly in the earliest Santonian, giving place to temperate ammonites of the Kitchinites group in the early Early Santonian and to Boreal belemnites of the genus Gonioteuthis in the Middle and Late Santonian. Despite evidence for the effects of diagenesis in both sections, bulk-rock δ18O records from the limestones support higher seawater paleotemperatures in the Polish sea and cooler conditions in the western Ukraine. The proposed paleo-circulation model and paleotemperature distribution across Europe is supported independently by changes in faunal and nannoflora evidence (ammonites, foraminifera and nannoplankton), and rather unexpectedly with the bulk δ18O data. These data allow the recognition of the end-Coniacian–Early Santonian cooling event, resulting from cold currents flowing from the north, which is traceable, with different magnitude, in several European sections. Facies changes in both sections are related to the input of terrigenous material, and linked to Subhercynian tectonic movements which affected the eastern (Ukrainian) and central (Holy Cross) segment of the Mid Polish Trough at different times. Uplift and sediment input moved westwards through time. Clastic input is detectable at the Coniacian–Santonian boundary in the Ukrainian segment. Similar facies changes reached the Holy Cross segment in Poland distinctly later, somewhen in the Middle Santonian. It is likely that tectonics together with paleo-circulation changes markedly restricted or even cut-off the western Ukraine area from Tethyan ocean influences in the Early Santonian.

17

Palaeolatitudinal gradients along the southeastern Palaeo-Pacific margin and the distribution of Early Jurassic bivalves

Damborenea S. E., Echevarria J.

Volumina Jurassica

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2015

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Vol. 13, no. 1

3--16

EN

Presence-absence bivalve species data for each Early Jurassic stage along southeastern South America between 20 and 46°S present-day latitude were processed by a set of analytical methods to analyse the palaeolatitudinal patterns of diversity and distribution. The expected decrease in species diversity towards higher latitudes is punctuated by a consistent local diversity increase between 34 and 42°, especially evident during Pliensbachian and Toarcian times, which may be due to an abrupt change in palaeogeography at that latitude, coinciding with the Curicó direct connection to the open ocean and the establishment of an increased variety of habitats within the extensive Neuquén Basin. The proportions of systematic groups show relative increases towards both higher latitudes (Crassatelloidea, Nuculanoidea, Pectinoidea, Monotoidea, Inoceramoidea) and lower latitudes (Trigonioidea, Pholadomyoidea, Limoidea, Lucinoidea). Epifaunal bivalves were dominant during the Hettangian but by Pliensbachian–Toarcian times they were less common than infaunal ones, while semi-infaunal species had low diversities during the whole Early Jurassic. This study suggests that (a) large scale geographical conditions should be taken into account for the analysis of latitudinal diversity trends among benthonic faunas; and (b) latitudinal trends of some living bivalve lineages may have a longer and more complex history than previously thought.

18

Jeszcze raz o terranach w Polsce i ich wędrówce

Nawrocki J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 11

1272--1283

EN

Results of interdisciplinary studies conducted until now lead to a univocal conclusion that Poland should be regarded as a collage of terranes of different ages and provenances of the basement, and different amalgamation and accretion scenarios. Geophysical and tectonic-structural investigations have allowed defining, with different accuracies, the boundaries between particular terranes. Terranes located in the area of Paleozoic platform were subjected to two or three phases of mobility. The first phase of transcontinental scale was manifested by large-scale tectonic transport during rebuilding of global paleogeography. The second mobility phase of regional scaleaffected the Teisseyre-Tornquist terrane assemblage and was linked with the Laurentia and Avalonia collision. This process put in motion the escape tectonics in the earliest Devonian. As its result, some of terranes were reshuffled during their tectonic transportation in the SE direction. The third, Carboniferous phase of mobility of only local scale was related mainly to the dextral strike-slip tectonic activity. Unfortunately, in the case of several tectonostratigraphic units, an answer to the questions concerning their initial location and way of migration is still impossible. It is valid also in the case of the Teisseyre-Tornquist terrane assemblage, now located to the SE of the Moravia and Grójec fault zones. This reticence in geological diagnosis occurs in spite of generally good access to the rocks of the Brunovistulia and Małopolska terranes that could contain substantial information about the earliest stages of evolution of these units. In order to eliminate numerous gaps in our knowledge about the Polish terranes a new interdisciplinary scientific program should be developed.

19

Where was the Magura Ocean?

Oszczypko N., Ślączka A., Oszczypko-Clowes M., Olszewska B.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2015

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Vol. 65, no. 3

319--344

EN

In the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous palaeogeography of the Alpine Tethys the term Ocean is used for different parts of these sedimentary areas: eg. Ligurian – Piedmont and Penninic, Magura, Pieniny, Valais and Ceahlau-Severins oceans. The Magura Ocean occupied the more northern position in the Alpine-Carpathian arc. During the Late Cretaceous–Paleogene tectono-sedimentary evolution the Magura Ocean was transformed into several (Magura, Dukla, Silesian, sub-Silesian and Skole) basins and intrabasinal source area ridges now incorporated into the Outer Western Carpathians.

20

Signatures of Late Neoproterozoic Gondwana assembly and Maronian glaciation in Lesser Himalaya: a palaeogeographical and stratigraphical approach

Umar M., Betts P., Khan M. M. S., Sabir M. A., Farooq M., Zeb A., Jadoon U. K., Ali S.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2015

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Vol. 65, no. 1

1--19

EN

Stratigraphical and sedimentological analyses of Late Neoproterozoic successions in Lesser Himalaya are combined herein with palaeogeographical considerations and comparisons with equivalent successions in India and South China. The succession starts with the Hazara Formation, which contains complete and incomplete Bouma sequences suggesting its deposition in deep marine turbidite settings. The overlying Tanawal Formation, rich in massive sandstone, shale and siltstone, was deposited in shallow marine conditions, as indicated by the presence of parallel lamination, large scale tabular, trough cross- and hummocky cross-stratifications. The Tanawal Formation facies shift laterally from proximal (south-southeast) to distal (north-northwest). The glaciogenic Tanaki Boulder Bed, overlying the Tanawal Formation, was deposited during the Maronian glaciation. It is equivalent to the Blaini Formation of India, and to the Sinian diamictites of South China. The Abbottabad Formation of Cambrian age overlies the Tanaki Boulder Bed, and is composed of dolomite, chert nodules and phosphate-rich packages; similar successions are documented in India and South China at the same stratigraphical interval. The similarities of the Neoproterozoic successions of Lesser Himalaya (both in Pakistan and India) and South China suggests their possible proximity during the break-up of Rodinia and the assembly of the Gondwana Supercontinent.