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1

Red algae grains from the Żurawnica Sandstone Member in the Sucha Beskidzka area (Magura Nappe, Polish Outer Carpathians) as the indicator of shallow water palaeoenvironment on the intrabasinal Tethyan ridge

Koczur Maria, Waśkowska Anna, Bassi Davide

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

35--35

EN

The Żurawnica Sandstone Member was deposited in the Paleocene on the northern slope of the Magura Basin in the western part of the Tethys. It is built of clastic material transported by gravitational currents from shallow parts of the Foremagura Ridge (Cieszkowski et al., 1999), which was an uplifted intrabasinal structure. At the top of the Żurawnica Hill (Beskid Makowski, location known as Kozie Skały) a well-exposed section crops out. It is a part of flysch succession of the Magura Nappe (Cieszkowski et al., 2006). In the lower part of the section thick-bedded sandstone with red algal grains occurs. Algal remnants were redeposited from the photic zone of the carbonate platform, which developed on the Foremagura Ridge. Their structure-taxonomic differentiation allows to reconstruct algal palaeoenvironment. The red algae are represented by Sporolithaceae, Melobesioideae, and Mastophoroideae genera. They correspond to three algal facies: debris, algal pavement facies, and Melobesioideae rhodolith pavement facies. Sand-sized red algal grains are the most numerous. They are fragmented and well rounded crustaceous algal thalli, typically with no traces of bioerosion. They represent algal debris facies, which was developed in high energy environment (Nebelsick et al., 2005). Red algae grains could be fragmented and rounded during turbidity transport, but considering the different degree of abrasion, especially in gravel fraction, it should be assumed that the rounding took place before the turbidity transportation. Two types of gravel grains are present: not rounded algal limestone clasts and rhodoliths. The non-rhodolith grains are built of encrusting (layered and foliose), warty, and lumpy algal crusts. Rhodoliths can be divided into two types: irregular and regular ones. Irregular rhodoliths are up to 3 cm in diameter. They contain large nuclei constituting grain skeleton. Both non-rhodolith grains and irregular rhodolits are polygeneric and contain numerous benthic organisms (bryozoans, encrusting foraminifera, and bivalves) between algal lamella, as well as constructional voids. They are bioeroded. They are elements of algal pavement facies for which the occurrence of the algal buildups with irregular rhodoliths in areas, where the energy of the environment is a bit higher is typical (Nebelsick et al., 2005, 2013; Bassi et al., 2017). The regular rhodoliths, up to 0.5 cm in size, contain small carboniferous nuclei. Typically, they are unigeneric (Sporolithaceae, Melobesioideae) and not contain other benthic organisms. Lack of constructional voids was observed in thick algal encrustation. Only encrusting growth form was observed. Regular rhodoliths are typically developed as a main part of Melobesioideae rhodoliths pavement facies, which is rather “deep” water facies of high energy environments (Adey, 1986; Bassi et al., 2017).

2

Late Cretaceous palaeoenvironmental and tectonostratigraphic reconstructions on the Polish sector of Peri-Tethys

Kwietniak Anna, Łaba-Biel Anna, Urbaniec Andrzej, Filipowska-Jeziorek Kinga

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

39--40

EN

The study area is located in the central part of the Carpathian Foreland in Poland (Fig. 1), and the analysed interval includes mixed carbonate-clastic sediments of the Upper Cretaceous and the uppermost part of the profile of carbonate sediments of the Upper Jurassic. The sedimentation of the studied formations during the Late Jurassic and Cretaceous took place in the shelf zone of the northern, passive margin of the Tethys Ocean. The western Tethys, unlike its eastern margins, was not a single open ocean; rather, it covered many small plates, Cretaceous island arcs and microcontinents (Palcu & Krijgsman, 2023). The spatial range of the subbasins created between these islands was significantly limited, resulting in a large diversity of palaeoenvironments and the mixed carbonate-clastic sediments of a shallow sea. The entire Upper Jurassic to Cretaceous complex can be viewed as a carbonate platform that lasted almost until the end of the Late Cretaceous with an episode of Early Cretaceous erosion. The sedimentary cover formed at that time initially reached considerable thickness (presumably about 2,000 m). Dislocation and bathymetric differentiation within the carbonate platform initiated the development of a complex depositional environment. During the Late Cretaceous, the syndepositional activity of NW-SE dislocation sequences resulted in an extensive flexural deflection within the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous sedimentary complex and lowermost part of the Upper Cretaceous complex. The resulting accommodation space was filled with a complex of Upper Cretaceous carbonate formations within which there are intervals with a significant share of siliciclastic material. At the end of the Late Cretaceous as well as in the Paleocene, movements of the Laramie phase led to the re-uplift of the analysed part of the Carpathian Foreland. During this tectonic episode, the reactivation of an older fault system occurred, mainly in the NW-SE directions. The Upper Cretaceous formations deposited in the flexural depression underwent a partial inversion and intensive erosion process, lasting until the beginning of the Neogene, which contributed to the reduction of thicknesses or the removal of some of the Upper Cretaceous formations, especially in the areas, adjacent to the major dislocations. The material for analysis consisted of 3D seismic data and geological information from the wells. In the scope of the project, we approached linking 3D seismic image and well data to reconstruct, as detailed as possible, the palaeoenvironment of the studied segment of the Late Cretaceous basin based on the chronostratigraphic method. The analysis shows various palaeomorphological elements that can bring insight into the sedimentation environments (Fig. 2). The significant influence of tectonic processes on the depositional history of the sedimentary basin was also evidenced. The tectonostratigraphic interpretation divided the Late Cretaceous sediments into two different tectonic phases (Łaba-Biel et al., 2023). Analysis of a thick Miocene interval that overlies directly on the Mesozoic formations enabled to reason about the influence of the Alpine orogenesis on the study area that was manifested by the reactivation of major regional faults in the central part of the Carpathian Foreland. This phase is directly related to the stage of progressive closure of the Tethys Ocean due to the collision of tectonic plates.

3

Palynofacies analysis of Ida-4 well, Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria

Chukwuma-Orji Jacinta Nkiru, Okosun Edward Agboneni, Gana Funmilayo Daramola

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2019

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Vol. 45, no. 3

219--230

EN

Palynofacies analyses of the strata penetrated by Ida-4 wells were carried out with the aim of studying the stratigraphic sequence penetrated by the well in order to establish palynostratigraphic zones, relative age and the paleoenvironment of deposition. Fifty ditch cutting samples within the interval of 2179–3523 m were analyzed. The acid methods of sample preparation for palynofacies analyses were followed. The result of the analyses yielded low to abundant occurrences of pollen and spores with an abundance of small, medium and large sizes of palynomacerals 1 and 2, few occurrences of palynomacerals 3 and 4. The lithology consists of the alternation of shale and sandstone units with few intercalations of argillaceous sandstone units, indicating that the studied interval belongs to the Agbada Formation. The studied intervals were dated to the middle Miocene to late Miocene, based on the recovered age diagnostic marker species such as Zonocostatites ramonae, Multiareolites formosus, Verrutricolporites rotundiporus, Crassoretitriletes vanraadshoveni and Racemonocolpites hians. Two interval range palynostratigraphic zones: Multiareolites formosus – Zonocostatites ramonae, Verrutricolporites rotundiporus - Crassoretitriletes vanraadshoveni and a taxon range zone: Ainipollinite verus zone were proposed. Paleoenvironmental interpretation was based on the palynofacies association and the lithology which revealed that the stratigraphic interval studied was deposited in the Coastal-deltaic (marginal marine) environments.

4

Badenian (middle Miocene) decapod crustaceans from western Ukraine, with remarks on eco-taphonomy, palaeoecology and biogeography

Górka M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2018

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Vol. 68, no. 4

511–-535

EN

The decapod fauna from the Badenian (middle Miocene) deposits of western Ukraine comprises in total 31 taxa: 20 species, 9 taxa left in open nomenclature, and 2 determined at family level. Thirteen of these taxa are reported for the first time from the territory of Ukraine. Among them are the first records of Trapezia glaessneri Müller, 1976 in the Fore-Carpathian Basin and Pachycheles sp. in Paratethys. One taxon (Petrolisthes sp. A) probably represents a new species. The occurrence of this significant decapod fauna is restricted almost exclusively to the Upper Badenian (i.e., early Serravallian) coralgal reefs of the Ternopil Beds. The taxonomic composition of the decapods indicates that the Late Badenian depositional environment was a shallow marine basin dominated by reefs that developed in warm-to-tropical waters of oceanic salinity. The decapod assemblage from the Ternopil Beds is similar in its taxonomic composition to numerous decapod faunules from fossil reefs of Eocene to Miocene age from the Mediterranean realm and of Miocene age from Paratethys. In contrast, decapod remains are very scarce in Badenian siliciclastic deposits (Mikolaiv Beds) and are represented by the most resistant skeletal elements, i.e., dactyli and fixed fingers. This scarcity was caused by the high-energy environment, with frequent episodes of redeposition, which disintegrated and abraded the decapod remains. The decapod fauna from the Badenian (middle Miocene) deposits of western Ukraine comprises in total 31 taxa: 20 species, 9 taxa left in open nomenclature, and 2 determined at family level. Thirteen of these taxa are reported for the first time from the territory of Ukraine. Among them are the first records of Trapezia glaessneri Müller, 1976 in the Fore-Carpathian Basin and Pachycheles sp. in Paratethys. One taxon (Petrolisthes sp. A) probably represents a new species. The occurrence of this significant decapod fauna is restricted almost exclusively to the Upper Badenian (i.e., early Serravallian) coralgal reefs of the Ternopil Beds. The taxonomic composition of the decapods indicates that the Late Badenian depositional environment was a shallow marine basin dominated by reefs that developed in warm-to-tropical waters of oceanic salinity. The decapod assemblage from the Ternopil Beds is similar in its taxonomic composition to numerous decapod faunules from fossil reefs of Eocene to Miocene age from the Mediterranean realm and of Miocene age from Paratethys. In contrast, decapod remains are very scarce in Badenian siliciclastic deposits (Mikolaiv Beds) and are represented by the most resistant skeletal elements, i.e., dactyli and fixed fingers. This scarcity was caused by the high-energy environment, with frequent episodes of redeposition, which disintegrated and abraded the decapod remains.

5

A palynology and paleoenvironmental study of a section from the Amansiodo-1 well, Anambra Basin, southeastern Nigeria

Chukwuma-Orji J. N., Okosun E. A., Ekom J. C., Abolarin J. F.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2017

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Vol. 43, no. 4

293--301

EN

Palynological analysis was carried out on twenty (20) ditch cutting samples from a section (1284.73–1496.57 m) of the Amansiodo-1 well, Anambra Basin, southeastern Nigeria with the aim of determining the age, biozone, and depositional environment of the sediments within the depth interval. The laboratory techniques of digesting sediments in hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids for silicates and carbonates removal were followed to process the samples for the recovery of palynomorphs. Fifty two (52) palynomorph specimens were recovered. An assemblage zone of Echitriporites trianguliformis Zone has been established. The section was dated to the upper Maastrichtian due to the occurrences of age diagnostic marker species such as: Cingulatisporites ornatus, Distaverrusporites simplex, Proteacidites sigalii, Dinogymnium cf auclaense, Echitriporites trianguliformis and Retidiporites magdalensis. Based on the palynomorph marine index and environmental indicator flora, the section was inferred to be deposited in marine to brackish (coastal) environments with little influence of fresh water.

6

The Boquillas Formation of the Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA, a reference Cenomanian through Santonian (Upper Cretaceous) carbonate succession at the southern end of the Western Interior Seaway

Cooper D. A., Cooper R.W., Stevens J. B., Stevens M. S., Cobban W. A., Walaszczyk I.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2017

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Vol. 67, no. 4

547--565

EN

The upper lower Cenomanian through middle Santonian (Upper Cretaceous) of the Boquillas Formation in the Big Bend Region of Trans-Pecos Texas consists of a marine carbonate succession deposited at the southern end of the Western Interior Seaway. The Boquillas Formation, subdivided into the lower, c. 78 m thick limestone-shale Ernst Member, and the upper, c. 132 m thick limestone/chalk/marl San Vicente Member, was deposited in a shallow shelf open marine environment at the junction between the Western Interior Seaway and the western margins of the Tethys Basin. Biogeographically, the area was closely tied with the southern Western Interior Seaway. The richly fossiliferous upper Turonian, Coniacian and lower Santonian parts of the Boquillas Formation are particularly promising for multistratigraphic studies.

7

Małe otwornice "eocenu numulitowego" Tatr-stratygrafia i paleośrodowisko

Olszewska B.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 8

703-703

EN

Shallow-water carbonate sediments of the so called "Nummulitic Eocene" of the Tatra Mts. yield numerous large foraminifera as well as abundant and diversified assemblages of small foraminifera. Both benthic and planktic species indicate the late Bartonian-Priabonian age of the "Nummulitic Eocene". Paleoenvironmental analysis of the identified assemblages demonstrated their correlation with the Arni’s sedimentological model of the shallow-water carbonate sediments. The affiliations of foraminiferal faunas with the bioprovince of the Mediterranean Tethys have also been indicated.

8

The Lower Toarcian of the High-Atlas, Morocco (Todrha-Dades area):stratigraphy and sedimentation

Ettaki M., Chellai E.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

160-160

EN

The Toarcian represents an important stage in the evolution of the Atlasic domain develped during the rifting on the West Tethyan margin during the Early Jurassic. In the Todrha-Dades area, the ammonites are apparently absent in deposits of the Tagoudite Formation, but a rich fauna of foraminifera and ostracods is meet in the marls and marly sandstones particularly in the lower member of the formation. The micropaleontological study indicates the Early Toarcian age (Polymorphum-Levisoni zones) for the Tagoudite Formation. In the Todrha-Dades area, the Lower Toarcian deposits increase in thickness from SW to NE. Towards SW, the sedimentation is characterized by large terrigenous sediment supply. In the NE direction the marly-sandstone succession of the Tagoudite Formation was deposited in a deep basin (umbilicus) created by a block tilting unfavourable for development of the microfauna. The impact of the tectonics during the Early Toarcian (Polymorphum Zone) is recorded by normal faults and plastic distortions.Tectonic structure analysis shows that the sedimentation took place in a transtensional tectonic regime. In general, the Todrha-Dades area is characterized during the Early Toarcian by the lateral passage between the different domains of sedimentation. The change in the sedimentation conditions took place after the Synpolymorphum Crisis. This change, accentuated by distensive tectonic, begins in the Early Toarcian and it is shown by sedimentary hiatus occurring in the platform and the seamounts ridges (individualized already during Pliensbachian). The neptunian dykes in Jbel Akenzoud and Tarhia n’Dades are associated with this level. Afterwards the detritical sedimentation occurred before the Middle Toarcian. Sedimentologic and paleontologic analysis prove that the Tagoudite Formation has been deposited in a relatively deep marine area. It marks a radical sedimentary change in the whole of the central High-Atlas domain after the Polymorphum Crisis during the Early Toarcian. The distensive tectonic was responsible for isolation of the basin and led to the development of anoxic conditions that controled the replacements of the fauna.

9

Facje i geochemia dolnosarmackich raf z północnych obrzeży Paratetydy na Roztoczu (Polska) i Miodoborach (Ukraina): implikacje paleoorodowiskowe

Jasionowski M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 5

445-454

EN

The Middle Miocene (Lower Sarmatian = Middle Serravallian) carbonate buildups called “serpulid-microbialite reefs” that occur in the Medobory and Roztocze regions (Paratethys Basin, western Ukraine and southeastern Poland) are composed mainly of calcite precipitates. Skeletal organisms represented by serpulid tubes and bryozoans (in places) are of minor importance and comprise merely a few percent of the rock volume. They are overgrown with micritic peloidal microbialites that are the major reef component. The microbialites and serpulids/bryozoans make together a porous reef framework that is usually filled up with abundant synsedimentary fibrous cements and micritic internal sediments. Other biota is taxonomically impoverished but often rich in individuals and comprises few species of bivalves, gastropods, benthic foraminifers. In places, the serpulid-microbialite limestone masses are incrusted with coralline algae, bryozoans and nubeculariid foraminifers. Bivalve coquinas, bioclastic limestones, breccias and conglomerates are associated with the reefs. The synsedimentary precipitates represented by microbialites and fibrous cements have quite unusual geochemical characteristics. They are composed of Mg-calcite with 5–6 mole % MgCO3 in average with a very high content of strontium (1000–1650 ppm Sr). The precipitates are enriched in heavy oxygen and carbon isotopes. Fibrous cements exhibit the highest values (18O ca. +1.5 [PDB] and 13C 2.8 [PDB]. It is generally believed that in the Early Sarmatian the Paratethys was a brackish basin due to restricted connections to theWorld Ocean. This is indicated by taxonomically poor biotic assemblages that inhabited the basin. On the other hand, however, the predominance of calcitic precipitates (such as microbialites and synsedimentary cements) is indicative of water highly supersaturated in respect to calcite due to high carbonate alkalinity content. Oxygen isotopic composition of the precipitates indicates that the brackish water, in which the reefs originated, had to be enriched in the heavy oxygen isotope due to strong evaporation. The low Mg content in calcite (if compared to modern tropical settings) could be the result of a relatively low precipitation temperature coupled with lower Mg/Ca ratio in Miocene than today, and the elevated Sr content may be indicative of a high precipitation rate resulting from high supersaturation. It seems therefore that the origin of the serpulid-microbialite buildups is related to a peculiar interplay of regional and local controls in the Sarmatian Paratethys. First, the relative isolation of the entire Paratethys basin resulted in the brackish water environment that could be inhabited by taxonomically poor opportunistic biota only and simultaneously enabled blooming of microbial communities. Second, a strong evaporation of the brackish water with high alkalinity content caused a supersaturation in respect to calcium carbonate and consequently a widespread precipitation of calcite (including calcification of microbial mats).

10

Pedicellarie ze środkowojurajskich iłów rudonośnych i ich znaczenie w strategii życiowej jeżowców

Boczarowski A.

Volumina Jurassica

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2004

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Vol. 2, no. 1

141-150

EN

Numerous, well-preserved globiferous and ophiocephalous pedicellariae of echinoids have been found in samples from several brickyards of Central Poland: Gnaszyn and Kawodrza (Częstochowa), Blanowice (Zawiercie), Wrzosowa. This is the first study of the uppermost Bajocian and Bathonian pedicellariae from the Ore Bearing Częstochowa Clay Formation. Four new morphotypes are described. Effectiveness of the defensive echinoid strategy is discussed; the structures observed indicate the presence of poison in some but not all spines and pedicellariae of both living and fossil species. All main morphological types of pedicellariae are compared. Morphotype I of globiferous pedicellariae and morphotype III of ophiocephalous pedicellariae are similar to those from the recent family Parechinidae. Jurassic echinoid Pelanechinus has ophiocephalous pedicellariae reminding morphotype II, as described from the Polish Bathonian.

11

Rekonstrukcja paleośrodowiska sedymentacji środkowojurajskich iłów rudonośnych Gnaszyna (Częstochowa) - wyniki wstępne

Gedl P., Kaim A., Boczarowski A., Kędzierski M., Smoleń J., Szczepanik P., Witkowska M., Ziaja J.

Volumina Jurassica

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2003

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Vol. 1, no. 1

19-28

12

Charakterystyka palinofacjalna najwyższego bajosu i batonu okolic Włocławka

Barski M.

Volumina Jurassica

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2003

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Vol. 1, no. 1

7-12

13

Paleoekologia i paleośrodowisko późnego kampanu na podstawie wybranych profili z doliny środkowej Wisły

Zatoń M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 8

678-684

PL

Trzy odsłonięcia górnego kampanu, należące do trzech kolejnych poziomów amonitowych (Neancyloceras phaleratum, Bostrychoceras polyplocum i Didymoceras donezianum) w dolinie środkowej Wisły, zostały zbadane pod kątem paleośrodowiskowym. Bogata makrofauna ze wszystkich szczebli troficznych, świadczy o spokojnym środowisku, odpowiadającemu dzisiejszej strefie pogranicza wewnętrznego i zewnętrznego szelfu, o normalnym zasoleniu, dobrze natlenionych wodach przydennych i podłożu o zróżnicowanej konsystencji, stwarzającego różnorodnej faunie odmienne nisze ekologiczne.

EN

The paleoecology of macrofauna from three Upper Campanian outcrops in the Middle Vistula valley, belonging to three successive ammonite zones (Neancyloceras phaleratum, Bostrychoceras polyplocum and Didymoceras donezianum), have been investigated on paleoenvironmental ground. The rich macrofauna of all trophic levels indicates the calm epicratonic basin, corresponding to the inner to outer shelf environment, of normal salinity waters, good bottom-water oxygenation and with substrate of varied consistency, providing different niches for diverse fauna.

14

Otwornice bentosowe a granica kreda/paleogen (K/P) w profilu Ain Settara, Tunezja

Peryt D., Alegret L., Molina E.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 12

1069-1074

PL

Z odsłonięcia Ain Settara (północna Tunezja) zbadano ponad 12-metrowy profil osadów najwyższego mastrychtu (2,5 m) i dolnego paleogenu (9.6 m) reprezentujący następujące poziomy otwornicowe: Plummerita hantkeninoides, Guembelitria cretacea, Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina i Parasubbotina pseudobulloides . W osadach najwyższego mastrychtu zespoły otwornic bentosowych są zróżnicowane pod względem taksonomicznym z podobnym udziałem form infaunalnych i epifaunalnych. Dramatyczna zmiana w strukturze zespołów otwornic bentosowych jest równoczesna z tworzeniem się warstewki z anomaliami geochemicznymi, tj. w spągu poziomu Guembelitria cretacea, gdzie zróżnicowane i o niskiej dominacji zespoły otwornicowe zostają zastąpione przez zespoły zubożone pod względem taksonomicznym a zdominowane przez epifaunalne morfogrupy. W tym momencie 14 rodzajów zanika. Niektóre z nich wymierają, podczas gdy inne pojawiają się ponownie w dolnym danie jako taksony Łazarza. Naszym zdaniem gwałtowny spadek dopływu pokarmu będący skutkiem załamania produkcji pierwotnej i równoczesnej zmiany w składzie fitoplanktonu (z przewagi nanoplanktonu wapiennego na przewagę bruzdnic) mogły być bezpośrednią przyczyną restrukturyzacji zespołów otwornic bentosowych. Globalne załamanie produkcji pierwotnej było prawdopodobnie skutkiem impaktu asteroidu na półwyspie Jukatan.

EN

The outer shelf-upper bathyal section across the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/P) boundary at Am Settara (Central Tunisia) has been studied for quantitative changes in benthic foraminiferal assemblages. The studied interval extends from 2.5 m below to 9.6 m above the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/P) boundary and encompasses the uppermost Plummerita hantkeninoides, Guembelitria cretacea, Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina and Parasubbotina pseudobulloides planktonie foraminiferal zones. In the uppermost Maastrichtian benthic foraminiferal assemblages are highly diversified and composed of mixed epifaunal and infaunal morphogroups. The dramatic change in the structure of benthic foraminiferal assemblages corresponds to the layer with the impact evidence, i.e., at the base of the Guembelitria cretacea Zone where highly diversified, low-dominance Upper Maastrichtian assemblages with infaunal and epifaunal morphogroups were suddenly replaced by taxonomically impoverished assemblages, strongly dominated by epifaunal morphogroups. At this level several species with inferred infaunal mode of life disappeared. Some of them went extinct, whereas others reappeared in the Lower Danian as Lazarus taxa. We interpret that a sudden breakdown of the food supply as a consequence of a collapse in primary productivity and simultaneous changes in the phytoplankton composition (from calcareous nannoplankton to dinoflagellates) resulted in extinction or temporary emigration of most infaunal morphogroups. The sudden collapse of primary productivity probably resulted from the impact of the K/P asteroid.

15

Sedimentological and technological studies of Abu Tartur black shales, Western Desert, Egypt

Sediek K.N., Amer A. N.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2001

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Vol. 35

141-152

EN

Newly conventional combination of sedimentological and technological studies aid in estimation of the resource potential of the Upper Cretaceous clays of Duwi Formation Abu Tartur plateau Western Desert, Egypt. This formation consists of interbedded black to Grey shale, phosphatic and glauconitic sandstones. The granulometric, mineralogical, and geochemical analyses were carried out on the black clays, which provided detailed information about textural parameters, composition and paleoenvironment of deposition The technological studies of black shale is new for its interesting enrichments in various rare metals as nickel , chromium and vanadium . This investigation is a laboratory study for extraction of vanadium from black shales by hydrochloric acid processing to produce leach solutions of vanadium, aluminum and magnesium chlorides. The effects of various factors affecting the leaching process such as temperature, acid concentration, particle size and stirring speed as well as the kinetics of the leaching process were studied. The most favorable conditions for the extraction of the vanadium present in the black shale are temperature 100° C, acid concentration 6 M by weight, grain size 17 žm and leaching time 90 min.

PL

Badania sedymentologiczne i technologiczne miały za cel oszacowanie potencjalnych możliwości wykorzystania czarnych iłów ze złoża Abu Tartur leżącego na pustyni zachodniej w Egipcie. Złoże to zawiera czarny przechodzący w szary łupek, glaukonitowy i fosforanowy piaskowiec. Zostały przeprowadzone analizy granulometryczne, mineralogiczne i geochemiczne czarnych iłów. Wyniki analiz dostarczyły dokładne informacje o teksturze, składzie i paleosrodowisku złoża. Badania technologiczne czarnego łupka zostały przeprowadzone z uwagi na bogatą zawartość w nich metali rzadkich takich jak nikiel, chrom i wanad. Badano w skali laboratoryjnej, proces ekstrakcji wanadu kwasem solnym, otrzymując roztwór zawierający chlorki wanadu, glinu i magnezu. Wpływ różnych parametrów takich jak temperatura, stężenie kwasu solnego, uziarnienie nadawy, prędkość mieszania, na kinetykę procesu ługowania został przebadany. Najlepsze warunki ekstrakcji wanadu z czarnego łupka uzyskano stosując temperaturę 100oC, stężenie kwasu solnego 6M, granulację nadawy 17 žm i czas ługowania 90 minut

16

Biostratigraphy and paleoenvironment of the Sarmatian northern marginal zone of Poland

Czepiec I.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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1999

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nr 387

96--98

17

The Paleogene of the Podhale Basin (Polish Inner Carpathians) - micropaleontological perspective

Olszewska B.W., Wieczorek J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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1998

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Vol. 46, nr 8/2

721-728

EN

Recent investigations of the calcareous nannoplankton, small foraminif era and dinoflagellata has thrown additional light on the age and environment of deposition of the Paleogene deposits of the Podhale Basin. Large and small foraminifera indicate for the Nummulite Eocene Bartonian-early Priabonian age and accumulation in different ernvironments of the shallow carbonate platform. Planktic foraminifera from the uppermost slope grey marls indicate P15-PI6 zone while calcareous nannoplankton data are inconsistent indicating NP16-NP17 or 19/20 coccolith zones. The turbidite deposits of the Podhale flysch accumulated predominately during the Oligocene.