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Cysty Dinoflagellata z górnego kampanu i najniższego mastrychtu (górna kreda) profilu środkowej Wisły : stratygrafia i paleoekologia

Nechwedowicz Mariusz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 10

751--760

EN

Among the rich dinoflagellate cyst assemblages recovered from the upper Campanian-lowermost Maastrichtian succession of the Middle Vistula River section (central Poland), four taxa (Callaiosphaeridium bicoronatum, Odontochitina dilatata, Oligosphaeridium araneum and Samlandia paucitabulata) have been described as new. An analysis of the distribution of particular dinoflagellate cyst taxa enabled the development of a highly resolved biostratigraphic framework, calibrated against other biozonal schemes (based, among others, on inoceramid bivalves, ammonites and belemnites), formerly established for the succession. A comparison of the Middle Vistula River record with the dinoflagellate cyst ranges documented in other European successions enabled correlations with selected sections in Belgium, the Netherlands, southern Germany and northern Italy, and with the Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary stratotype section in Tercis les Bains, southwest France. A palaeoecological analysis of the dino- flagellate cyst assemblages and of other components of phytoplankton communities revealed a well-defined trend in sea-level fluctuations (likely of eustatic origin), and palaeoclimatic changes probably related to the latest Cretaceous cooling episode, as observed elsewhere.

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Stratigraphy and palaeoenvironments in the upper Turonian to lower Coniacian of the Saxonian Cretaceous Basin (Germany) - insights from calcareous and agglutinated foraminifers

Besen Richard M., Achilles Mareike, Alivernini Mauro, Voigt Thomas, Frenzel Peter, Struck Ulrich

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2022

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Vol. 72, no. 2

159--186

EN

Upper Turonian to lower Coniacian marls of the Strehlen Formation of the Graupa 60/1 core were investigated for their foraminiferal content to add stratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental information about the transitional facies zone of the Saxonian Cretaceous Basin. Further comparison with foraminiferal faunas of the Brausnitzbach Marl (Schrammstein Formation) were carried out to clarify its relationship to the marls of the Graupa 60/1 core. Tethyan agglutinated marker species for the late Turonian to early Coniacian confirm the proposed age of the marls of the Graupa 60/1 core and the Brausnitzbach Marl. The palaeoenvironment of the marls reflects middle to outer shelf conditions. The maximum flooding zones of genetic sequences TUR6, TUR7 and CON1 could be linked to acmes of foraminiferal species and foraminiferal morphogroups. In general, a rise of the relative sea-level can be recognised from the base to the top of the marls of the Graupa 60/1 core. While agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages suggest a generally high organic matter influx and variable but high productivity in the Graupa 60/1 core, the Brausnitzbach Marl deposition was characterized by moderate productivity and a generally shallower water depth.

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Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and paleogeographic significance in the lower Maastrichtian of the Miechów Trough (southern Poland)

Ciołko Urszula, Gaździcka Elżbieta

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2022

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Vol. 72, no. 3

331--352

EN

Biostratigraphic analysis of calcareous nannofossils from the Pełczyska section in the Miechów Trough (southern Poland) has revealed that the entire section covers the lowermost Maastrichtian. The UC16bTP Tethyan subzone is designated based on the presence of Broinsonia parca constricta Hattner, Wind and Wise, 1980, reworked remains of Uniplanarius trifidus (Stradner) Hattner and Wise in Wind and Wise, 1983 and the simultaneous lack of Eiffellithus eximius (Stover) Perch-Nielsen, 1968. The studied section spans also the interval between the LO of Zeugrhabdotus praesigmoides Burnett, 1997 and the FO of Prediscosphaera mgayae Lees, 2007 (UC16 S3 Boreal subzone). Quantitative analysis of nannofossil assemblages has shown the dominance of cold water species (up to 50%), e.g., Micula decussata Vekshina, 1959, Prediscosphaera spp., Arkhangelskiella spp., Calculites obscurus (Deflandre) Prins and Sissingh in Sissingh, 1977 and Lucianorhabdus cayeuxii Deflandre, 1959. In the early Maastrichtian, the studied area was more influenced by cool water masses from the Boreal Province rather than by warm water from the Tethyan Province. The significant predominance of cold water taxa and the elevated presence of Prediscosphaera cretacea (Arkhangelsky) Gartner, 1968 also supports the hypothesis of climate cooling in the early Maastrichtian.

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In defence of invertebrate fossil taxonomy

Fedorowski Jerzy

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2021

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Vol. 71, no. 3

249--258

EN

Starting from a subjective viewpoint on the decreasing interest in invertebrate fossil taxonomy, this essay discusses its importance in palaeobiological studies exemplified with cases from the palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology of rugose corals, and aims at provoking a discussion on the topic. The possible causes of this negative declining trend include inherent problems of palaeontological taxonomy, and changing systems in science and higher education.

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Palaeofloras from the Kota Formation, India: palaeodiversity and ecological implications

Chinnappa Chopparapu, Rajanikanth Annamraju, Kavali Pauline Sabina

Volumina Jurassica

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2019

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Vol. 17, no. 1

1--16

EN

The Kota Formation of the Pranhita-Godavari Basin is well known for its fossil fauna and flora especially for its silicified woods. However, the palaeoflora and its palaeoclimatic significance within the formation are poorly known. In spite of the fact that the formation yields a rich fauna and flora chronostratigraphic problems still exist. The present study aims to analyze the palaeofloras from the Kota Formation to understand their diversity and palaeoecological significance. We also describe a new species Agathoxylon kotaense belonging to the conifer family Araucariaceae. Our study shows that the flora was dominated by conifers and that it is comparable to that of the ?Late Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous Gangapur Formation, Pranhita-Godavari Basin and that of the Rajmahal Formation of the Rajmahal hills. The growth ring pattern and leaf fossil assemblage suggest that the growth conditions were seasonal, but mostly stressed.

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Palynostratigraphy of dinosaur bone-bearing deposits from the Upper Cretaceous of Western Bulgaria

Pavlishina Polina, Dochev Docho, Nikolov Vladimir, Yaneva Marlena, Konyovska Ralitsa

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2019

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Vol. 69, no. 4

617--626

EN

Palynological investigation of the Vrabchov dol locality (Western Bulgaria) which recently yielded fragmentary dinosaur bones attributed to the clade Titanosauria, reveals well-preserved sporomorph assemblages dominated by angiosperm pollen from the Normapolles group, spores and rare gymnosperms. The age assessment of the studied sequence is based on the diagnostic Normapolles species, such as Oculopollis orbicularis Góczán, 1964, Oculopollis zaklinskaiae Góczán, 1964, Krutzschipollis spatiosus Góczán in Góczán et al., 1967 and Krutzschipollis crassus (Góczán, 1964) Góczán in Góczán et al., 1967. The concurrent presence of these pollen species suggests a late Santonian–early Campanian age for the succession. The sporomorph association is encountered in a palynofacies dominated by continental elements, including translucent phytoclasts (tissues, wood remains and plant cuticles). The sedimentary succession shows no evidence of marine elements and a very low proportion of AOM that attests to deposition within a lagoonal to foreshore marine environment, with high continental input and short transportation. The vegetation in the studied area was primarily composed of a range of Normapolles-producing angiosperms and secondarily of pteridophyte spore-producing plants. Gymnosperms were rare. Such a vegetation pattern reflects a warm, seasonally dry climate during the late Santonian–earliest Campanian in the studied area. The dinosaurs inhabited a wet lowland area, probably rich in herbaceous plants.

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Palaeontological analysis of Middle Miocene siltstones at Wiślica (Carpathian Foredeep, Poland)

Płonka K.

Geologos

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2017

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Vol. 23, No. 1

29--43

EN

Middle Miocene siltstones of the Skawina Formation that crop out at Wiślica, within the axial part of the Carpathian Foredeep in Poland, were analysed. The deposits studied contain numerous benthic and planktonic foraminifera, ostracods, echinoid spines, bryozoans, bivalves and otoliths. The fossils recognised document an early ‘Badenian’ (= Langhian in the Mediterranean area), or, more precisely, ‘Moravian’ age of the deposit. Palaeoecological analysis suggests normal-marine conditions with full salinity. The studied siltstones were deposited from middle–lower shoreface to lower–offshore, warm surface water and locally suboxic to dysoxic conditions in the sediment.

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Representatives of the family Actinostromatidae (Stromatoporoidea) in the Devonian of southern Poland and their ecological significance

Wolniewicz P.

Geologos

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2016

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Vol. 22, No. 3

227--249

EN

Stromatoporoids of the family Actinostromatidae are common constituents of Givetian to Frasnian (Devonian) organic buildups. The species-level structure of actinostromatid assemblages from the Devonian of southern Poland is described in the present paper, with special emphasis on ecological factors that influenced species composition of the communities. Nine species of the genera Actinostroma and Bifariostroma are distinguished. Members of the family Actinostromatidae predominated in stromatoporoid assemblages within lower Frasnian carbonate buildup margins. The most diverse actinostromatid faunas were found within the middle Givetian Stringocephalus Bank, in the upper Givetian–lower Frasnian biostromal complex and in the lower Frasnian organic buildups. Species-level biodiversity was lowest within detrital facies which surrounded the Frasnian carbonate buildups. Species of Actinostroma with well-developed colliculi are commonest within the middle Givetian to early Frasnian coral-stromatoporoid biostromal complexes, whereas species with strongly reduced colliculi predominate early-middle Frasnian organic buildups. The skeletal structure of actinostromatids reflects environmental changes, documenting a transition from species with thin, close-set pillars and widely spaced laminae (common in the middle Givetian) to those with long, thick pillars and megapillars (in Bifariostroma), which were predominant during the early and middle Frasnian. The distribution of growth forms among species reveals a significant intraspecific variation. Species of Actinostroma can be either tabular or low domical, depending on the palaeoenvironmental setting. Thus, the present study confirms that stromatoporoid morphology was influenced by environmental conditions.

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The benthic macrofauna from the Lower Maastrichtian chalk of Kronsmoor (northern Germany, Saturn quarry): taxonomic outline and palaeoecologic implications

Engelke J., Esser K. J. K., Linnert C., Mutterlose J., Wilmsen M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2016

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Vol. 66, no. 4

671--694

EN

The benthic macroinvertebrates of the Lower Maastrichtian chalk of Saturn quarry at Kronsmoor (northern Germany)been studied taxonomically based on more than 1,000 specimens. Two successive benthic macrofossil assemblages were recognised: the lower interval in the upper part of the Kronsmoor Formation (Belemnella obtusa Zone) is characterized by low abundances of macroinvertebrates while the upper interval in the uppermost Kronsmoor and lowermost Hemmoor formations (lower to middle Belemnella sumensis Zone) shows a high macroinvertebrate abundance (eight times more than in the B. obtusa Zone) and a conspicuous dominance of brachiopods. The palaeoecological analysis of these two assemblages indicates the presence of eight different guilds, of which epifaunal suspension feeders (fixo-sessile and libero-sessile guilds), comprising approximately half of the trophic nucleus of the lower interval, increased to a dominant 86% in the upper interval, including a considerable proportion of rhynchonelliform brachiopods. It is tempting to relate this shift from the lower to the upper interval to an increase in nutrient supply and/or a shallowing of the depositional environment but further data including geochemical proxies are needed to fully understand the macrofossil distribution patterns in the Lower Maastrichtian of Kronsmoor.

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Zmiany środowiskowe poprzedzające sedymentację gipsów badeńskich i na początku ich depozycji w rejonie Rzeki Wschodniej (północna część zbiornika przedkarpackiego)

Peryt D., Peryt T. M.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2015

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nr 461

133--151

PL

Skład i zmiany zespołów otwornic pochodzących z najwyższej części utworów podewaporatowych w otworze wiertniczym Busko (Młyny) PIG-1 (głęb. 188–192 m), zlokalizowanym w północnej części zbiornika przedkarpackiego (Paratetyda Środkowa), wskazują, że zbiornik, w którym powstawały osady margliste, był słabo wentylowany, z dużym deficytem tlenowym w wodach przydennych oraz ze środowiskiem eutroficznym w wodach powierzchniowych. Zbiornik ten, o głębokości 50–70 m, wypełniały wody chłodne o zasoleniu typowym dla zbiornika morskiego. Obserwowane w najwyższej części profilu prawie całkowite wyeliminowanie otwornic Uvigerina i zajęcie na krótko zwolnionej niszy przez Fursenkoina acuta (zespół D4c) oraz zdominowanie składu najmłodszego zespołu (D4d) przez tolerującą podwyższone zasolenie Bulimina elongata może jednak wskazywać na znaczne podwyższenie zasolenia w trakcie depozycji najwyższej części utworów poprzedzających depozycję gipsów. Profil gipsów badeńskich w badanym otworze wiertniczym w porównaniu z bardziej brzeżną strefą platformy gipsowej cechuje się redukcją dolnej, autochtonicznej części gipsów oraz specyficznym wykształceniem najniższej jednostki gipsów. W matriksie ilastym występują tam gruzły gipsu bardzo przypominające małe, chaotycznie ułożone blokowe zrosty krystaliczne, określane jako facja szkieletowa gipsów szklicowych, związana w niecce Nidy oraz na Morawach z obniżeniami dna. Wykształcenie profilu gipsów wskazuje na głębsze środowisko sedymentacji niż to stwierdzono w rejonie niecki Nidy.

EN

Composition and changes in foraminiferal assemblages recorded in the uppermost part of the sub-evaporite deposits of the Busko (Młyny) PIG-1 borehole (depth 188–192 m) in the northernmost part of the Fore-Carpathian Basin (Central Paratethys) indicate that the basin, in which marly deposits have originated, was poorly ventilated with a great oxygen deficit in the bottom waters, and was characterised by mainly eutrophic conditions in surface waters. The basin was 50–70 m deep. The waters were cool and of normal seawater salinity, although the recorded (in the uppermost part of the section) almost complete disappearance of Uvigerina foraminifers, occupation (for a short time) of the vacant niche by Fursenkoina acuta (assemblage D4c), and the dominance of Bulimina elongata (tolerant to increased salinity) in the youngest assemblage (D4d) may indicate a considerable increase of seawater salinity during the deposition of the uppermost part of the sub-evaporite strata. The gypsum section is characterised, when compared to the more marginal gypsum sections of the Nida Trough, by a reduction of the lower, autochthonous part of the gypsum section and a specific development of the lowermost gypsum unit. It contains gypsum nodules resembling small, chaotically arranged gypsum intergrowths in the clayey matrix. Such facies is regarded as the skeletal facies of the giant gypsum intergrowth facies of the Nida Trough and Moravia, and is related to depositional lows at the beginning of the gypsum deposition. The gypsum sequence in this borehole indicates a deeper sedimentary environment than inferred for the Nida Trough.

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Eocene flora and trace fossils from the Hruby Regiel section in the Tatra Mountains (Poland): Taxonomic revision of the Wiktor Kuźniar fossil plant collection

Worobiec G., Jach R., Machaniec E., Uchman A., Worobiec E.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2015

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Vol. 65, no. 2

203--226

EN

Latest Eocene plant macrofossils and trace fossils collected a century ago by Wiktor Kuźniar are revised and their stratigraphical and palaeoecological meaning is re-considered. They derive from marine limestones and marls cropping out on the northern slope of the Hruby Regiel mountain in the Western Tatra Mountains. Leaves belonging to the families Fagaceae and Lauraceae and fruits of the palm Nypa are recognized. The co-occurrence of the planktonic foraminifer taxa Chiloguembelina cf. gracillima and Globigerinatheca cf. index and fruits of Nypa suggests a latest Eocene age of the fossil flora. The plant assemblage is typical of paratropical or subtropical evergreen forests in a warm and humid subtropical climate, recent counterparts of which occur in southeast Asia. The presence of Nypa is characteristic of mangroves. The good state of preservation of the leaves suggests coastline proximity during sedimentation of the plant-bearing deposits.

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Palaeoecological analysis of Berriasian ostracods of the central Crimea

Savelieva J.

Volumina Jurassica

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2014

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Vol. 12, no. 1

163--174

EN

The author has completed a palaeoecological analysis of assemblages of ostracods, collected from the sections of the Berriasian deposits of central Crimea. The strata belonging to this stage are divided into four formations, and these into stratigraphic subdivisions of member rank, numbered 1–29. The members accumulated in deeper and shallower environments in a shallow marine basin, and are distinguished on the basis of the characteristic features of the composition of the ostracod complexes. Changes of temperature conditions and water mobility were identified.

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Integrated palaeontological characteristics (ammonites, ostracods, foraminifers, dinocysts) of the Berriasian deposits of central Crimea

Savelieva J., Feodorova A., Shurekova O., Arkadiev V.

Volumina Jurassica

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2014

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Vol. 12, no. 1

129--162

EN

The Berriasian deposits of the central Crimea have been studied in order to compose a composite sequence of the stage with detailed palaeontological characterization. The Berriasian includes the Bedenekyrskaya Formation (packstones), Bechku Formation (siltstones, sandstones) and Kuchkinskaya Formation (sponge packstones, clays, siltstones, and coral-algal bioherm framestones). The Jacobi, Occitanica and Boissieri zones were identified based on ammonites found in the sections. A micropalaeontological analysis determined the following: 6 foraminiferal assemblages, the Costacythere khiamii – Hechticythere belbekensis and Costacythere drushchitzi – Reticythere marfenini ostracod assemblages, and a Phoberocysta neocomica dinocyst assemblage. Palaeoecological analysis of the ostracod and foraminiferal associations indicates a moderately warm marine basin with normal salinity and shallow depths (tens of meters). Only the sponge horizon was probably deposited in a deeper-water environment.

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Environmental changes of the Mazovian (Holsteinian /~MIS 11) palaeolake near Szymanowo (eastern Poland) in the light of malacological analysis

Szymanek M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2014

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Vol. 64, no. 2

249--260

EN

The malacofauna of the palaeolake deposits at Szymanowo (eastern Poland) was investigated. It represents the younger part of the climatic optimum of the Mazovian (Holsteinian) Interglacial (~MIS 11) and possibly the postoptimal period. The mollusc assemblage is composed of both standing and running water species, mostly connected with temperate climate. The presence of biostratigraphical indicators of the Mazovian, Viviparus diluvianus (Kunth, 1865), Lithoglyphus jahni Urbański, 1975 and Pisidium clessini Neumayr, 1875, is noteworthy. Variability in the structure and composition of the assemblage enables palaeoecological reconstruction. Changes in the water-level, vegetation and energy conditions are inferred from the malacological succession. Three stages of the lake development were distinguished. The first one is connected with deeper conditions and predominance of V. diluvianus and L. jahni. The second one, dominated by Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758), records a fall of the water-level and the growth of aquatic plants, evidenced by high frequencies of Valvata cristata Müller, 1774 and Acroloxus lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758). The third stage corresponds to another rise of the water-level and an increase in V. diluvianus, L. jahni, Valvata piscinalis Müller, 1774 and Pisidium henslowanum (Sheppard, 1823), which evidence some higher energy conditions.

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Palaeoecological implications of neoselachian shark teeth from the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland

Rees J.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2012

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Vol. 62, no. 3

397-402

EN

Systematic sampling through the Middle and Upper Bathonian strata at Gnaszyn has resulted in the discovery of 13 neoselachian teeth. Systematically, the teeth represent five taxa including Sphenodus sp., Protospinax sp. 1, Protospinax sp. 2, Palaeobrachaelurus sp. and another, indeterminate orectolobiform. The presence of two species of the flattened and bottom-dwelling Protospinax and two different orectolobiforms that are likely to have lived near the bottom, is a strong indication of oxygenated bottom conditions at the time of deposition. The dietary preferences of these taxa included a wide variety of benthic invertebrates. The synechodontiform Sphenodus may have been the first pelagic predatory neoselachian in the Jurassic, equipped with high and slender piercing teeth that formed a tearing-type dentition. The diet of Sphenodus probably included bony fish, smaller sharks and cephalopods.

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Faunal dynamics of gastropods in the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland

Kaim A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2012

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Vol. 62, no. 3

367-380

EN

The succession of gastropods in the Gnaszyn section is quite monotonous and shows significant changes only in the proximity of concretion layers, at least partially because of diagenetic reasons. Otherwise, the section is dominated by gastropods (cylidrobullinids, bullinids, and mathildids) most of which preyed probably on sedentary organisms (polychaetes and/or coelenterates) that possibly flourished on the sea bottom at that time. The other groups of gastropods are represented by larval or juvenile shells. Their presence shows that the environmental conditions that were probably unfavourable for gastropods living directly on the sea bottom most likely because of a soupy substrate consistency, possible oxygen deficiency near the sediment-water interface and/or oxygen content fluctuations. Adult and/or subadult individuals of these gastropods occur only in the higher part of the section, reflecting a time when these conditions improved. A new heterostrophic gastropod species, Promathildia gedli, is described.

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Faunal dynamics of foraminiferal assemblages in the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland

Smoleń J.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2012

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Vol. 62, no. 3

403-419

EN

The faunal dynamics of benthic foraminifera in the Middle Jurassic ore-bearing clays of Gnaszyn (Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, south-central Poland) are used to reconstruct sedimentary environments. Two types of foraminiferal assemblages, distinct in their quantitative and qualitative composition, were distinguished; type I assemblages, characterizing intervals between horizons with sideritic concretions; and type II assemblages, characterising horizons with sideritic concretions. Benthic foraminifers were further subdivided into eight ecological morphogroups, based on their morphological features and micro-habitats. Type I assemblages consist mostly of plano/concavo-convex, small-sized epifaunal morphotypes, with a restricted occurrence of shallow infaunal forms and a scarcity of deep infaunal taxa, which suggests low-oxygen conditions in both sediment and bottom waters, and a high sedimentation rate in an outer shelf environment. Type II assemblages are characterized by high taxonomic diversity, high specimen abundance and variability of epifaunal and infaunal morphotypes representing a mixed group of specialized feeding strategies. This suggests optimum living conditions controlled by a lower sedimentation rate, relatively well-oxygenated bottom waters and sufficient or high food supply.

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Faunal dynamics of bivalves and scaphopods in the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland

Kaim A., Sztajner P.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2012

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Vol. 62, no. 3

381-395

EN

The environment at the Gnaszyn section - as deduced from bivalve and scaphopod dynamics - was controlled by the substrate consistency and possibly oxygen deficiency near the sediment-water interface and/or oxygen content fluctuations. The middle part of the section dominated by nuculoid and corbulid bivalves and Laevidentalium-type scaphopods probably reflects a soupy substrate and possibly oxygen deficiency in the sediment. Slightly coarser and better-oxygenated silts in the upper and lower parts of the section offered a less soupy substrate consistency, allowing the development of communities dominated by astartids, byssate bivalves, and Dentalium- and Plagioglypta-type scaphopods.

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Uppermost Devonian ammonoids from Oklahoma and their palaeobiogeographic significance

Becker R., Mapes R.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2010

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Vol. 60, no. 2

139-163

EN

The upper part of the Woodward Shale of southern Oklahoma has yielded the first moderately diverse North American ammonoid fauna from the uppermost Famennian (Upper Devonian VI). It includes six species from three clymeniid and one goniatite family: Kielcensia vagabunda sp. nov., Riphaeoclymenia polygona sp. nov., R. pontotocensis sp. nov., Cyrtoclymenia cf. procera Czarnocki, 1989, Spirosporadoceras overi gen. nov. sp. nov., and a poorly preserved different juvenile sporadoceratid that may represent a second new genus. For comparison, the related Spirosporadoceras delicatum sp. nov. from Germany is described. Kielcensia specimens from Oklahoma represent the first uncontested record of triangularly coiled wocklumeriids from North America. Together with Riphaeoclymenia, the Oklahoma fauna has similarities and strong biogeographical ties with the far distant Holy Cross Mountains of Poland. Kielcensia and Riphaeoclymenia are missing from the diverse contemporaneous ammonoid faunas of Middle and Southern Europe, which were located between the Oklahoma and the Polish occurrences. Geographically intermediate contemporaneous Moroccan faunas also show a fundamentally different composition but the Afro-Appalachian migration route must have been viable in the uppermost Famennian. Migrations through regions without leaving a trace in available very rich fossil records ("ghost distributions") create a bias for the palaeobiogeographical analysis of nektonic organisms. The faunal composition of the Woodford Shale suggests a control of ammonoid distribution patterns by palaeoecological factors that are not recognizable in the lithofacies.

20

Taxonomy and palaeoecology of the Early Jurassic macroflora from Odrowąż, central Poland

Barbacka M., Ziaja J., Wcisło-Luraniec E.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2010

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Vol. 60, no. 3

373-392

EN

The locality of Odrowąż is an Early Jurassic section in central Poland, with a taxonomically relatively poor flora. The available material is composed of both macro- and microremains. The macroremains, represented by 720 specimens (491 suitable for study), consist mainly of leaves, shoots, rhizomes, as well as male and female cones and fragments of other fructifications. sphenophytes, pteridophytes, pteridosperms, bennettites, cycads, ginkgophytes, conifers are represented by single taxa, only ferns are more diverse. The material is dominated by the conifer Hirmeriella muensteri (schenk) Jung and the benettite Pterophyllum alinae Barbacka sp. nov. Taxonomically, the ferns are the most diverse group (five species belonging to five genera). Most of the plants show adaptations to wet conditions, which corresponds well to the proposed sedimentary environment, a river plain. The complete material shows, however, that the floral remains originated from a wider area situated along the river and on its banks. One new genus, Odrolepis, three new species, Odrolepis liassica, Pterophyllum alinae, Paracycas minuta, and one new forma, Todites princeps, forma trilobata, are described. some forms are left in open nomenclature.