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Evolution of the Mesozoic basins on the southwestern edge of the East European Craton (Poland, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania)

Świdrowska J., Hakenberg M., Poluhtovič B., Seghedi A., Višnâkov I.

Studia Geologica Polonica

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2008

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Vol. 130

3-130

EN

The sedimentary cover of the SW margin of the East European Craton (EEC) records its Mesozoic evolution from Permian to Early Maastrichtian time. Structural units of the Mid-Polish Swell with bounding synclines, the Stryi Depression, the Moldavian Platform, the Pre-Dobrogea Depression (PDD) and the North Dobrogea (ND) are groupped along the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone (TTZ), one of the most important lineaments of the European Plate. They developed above the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ), the contact zone of Precambrian and Palaeozoic domains of crustal consolidation. The investigated area forms a belt 1000 km long that strikes across four states down to the Black Sea. The stratigraphy and facies data based on the profiles from many hundreds of wells and outcrops are summarized on thickness and lithofacies maps covering 16 time-spans. They show palaeogeogra- phic history of sedimentary basins of the SE part of Mid-Polish Trough (MPT), the Stryi Depression and the Pre-Dobrogea Depression. Fragmentary record of epicontinental sediments in the ND could be interpreted referring to depositional history of the PDD. The facies-thickness maps were transfor- med to maps of accumulation rate reflecting subsidence rates. Sedimentary and structural evolution of the two outermost basins, MPT and PDD, give evidences for their genetic independence and the lack of their direct connections along direction of TTZ till the end of Jurassic time. The Triassic-Middle Jurassic evolution of the North Dobrogea suggests that it could lie farther to the SW in the Tethyan realm. Deep-water sequences of the ND did not display any relation to the epiplatform sediments in the PDD up to the Bathonian. Mid-Cimmerian transpressional docking of the ND block to the PDD gave the beginning of their common epicontinental Jurassic history with subsidence axis striking W-E. Geometric junction of both external basins (MPT and PDD) in NW-SE direction occurred during the Early Cretaceous as a result of origin of foredeep basin located to the north of the ND inverted block, together with the western part of the PDD. Inversion was a consequence of the Neo-Cimmerian collision in the Northern Tethys and docking of the Central Dobrogea to the ND. The evolution of the PDD was connected with the eastern Mediterranean realm from Albian time on. A multiphase (10 stages) tectonic history of the Mid-Polish Trough and the Stryi Depression was recognized. Clockwise rotation of the two principal stress axes in horizontal plane controlled basin opening. A change of the strike-slip component along the TTZ direction and over the TESZ occurred from sinistral (Early Jurassic), through the lack of horizontal displacements in Albian-Cenomanian time, to dextral component from the Turonian till the end of Cretaceous. During the inversion the s1 axis reached a NE-SW orientation.

2

Kreda w regionie lubelskim - sedymentacja i jej tektoniczne uwarunkowania

Świdrowska J.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2007

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nr 422

63-77

PL

Praca ma charakter przeglądowy; zawiera odniesienia do publikacji zajmujących się osadami kredy obszaru lubelskiego: ich pozycją strukturalną, litologią, warunkami sedymentacji i warunkami paleotektonicznymi. Ewolucja basenu została scharakteryzowana na podstawie map litofacji i tempa subsydencji 7 przedziałów czasowych. Podkreślono związki rozkładu litofacji i subsydencji ze strukturami paleozoicznego i prekambryjskiego podłoża. Ewolucję paleotektonicznych warunków, kształtujących przestrzeń depozycyjną, interpretowano na podstawie lokalizacji przypuszczalnych stref synsedymentacyjnych uskoków i fałdów. Przedstawiono przesłanki na rzecz początku inwersji lubelskiego odcinka bruzdy śródpolskiej we wczesnym mastrychcie.

EN

The aim of the study is to give an overview of research dealing with Cretaceous deposits in the Lublin region, i.e. their structural position, lithology, sedimentary and palaeotectonic conditions. Reconstruction of the Cretaceous basin evolution is based on lithofacies maps and on maps of subsidence rates made for 7 time spans. Relations of lithofacies and subsidence patterns with Palaeozoic and Precambrian basement structures are emphasized. Interpretation of synsedimentary faults and folds enabled conclusions on palaeotectonic conditions that created the depositional space. Some remarks concerning Early Maastrichtian timing of the onset of inversion processes is also presented.

3

Palaeogeography of the NW and central part of the Miechów Depression during the Jurassic as a result of the palaeotectonics development

Złonkiewicz Z.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

72-72

EN

The Variscan movements elevated mountain ranges and uplands, forming vast massifs along the East European Craton. The structurally complicated Małopolska Massif was located in SE Poland. In the Jurassic the area corresponding to the Laramide Miechów Depression was located on the SW periphery of the Mid-Polish Trough and N periphery of the Tethys. The palaeogeographic development of the area of study was affected by reactivation of Caledonian-Variscan structures in the pre-Permian basement. It may be detected the influence of the Włoszczowa Massif (NW part of the Małopolska M.) as an area of a lesser subsidence. The Pilica Fault (on the NW Włoszczowa Massif edge) limited the pre-Bathonian transgressions to the SE part of the area of study. Also a narrow gulf/graben or isolated basin was temporarily formed in the Lasocin-Strzelce Dislocation Zone at the border of the Holy Cross Mts. and the area of study. Alluvial, deltaic and lagoonal to medium siliciclastic shelf sediments were deposited. Since the Bajocian an inland basin, elongated W-E, was formed parallel to the S border of the Włoszczowa Massif and in the Bathonian an ingression from SE began. Narrow gulfs/grabens and submarine ridges/horsts NNW-SSE elongated formed in the central part of the area of study. They continued further southwards up to the present edge of the Carpathians. By the end of the Middle Jurassic, lagoonal to distal siliciclastic shelf deposits corresponded to several transgression-regression cycles, interrupted by local erosion. The marine deposits of an open carbonate shelf of the Callovian - Early Kimmeridgian cycle covered the area of study and a local zone of maximal subsidence in the Jurassic was formed. The facies zones of various sponge-detrital deposits, mudstones and marls in its NW and central part were elongated NW-SE, and in the SE part they changed their direction to WNW-ESE. The fractioned Włoszczowa Massif subsided within grabens in the extending Lasocin-Strzelce Dislocation Z. The local subsidence zone, crossed the Włoszczowa Massif. It penetrated and deepened further in SE directionin the basin of Carpathian Foreland. The Late Oxfordian and Early Kimmeridgian regression resulted in temporal formation of a shallow water carbonate platform. It passed over the Mid-Polish Trough, migrating southwards, and the fine-grained shoal deposits and oolitic barriers reached, but did not crossed, the area of study. The shallowest facies of the platform, located SW to the Holy Cross Mts., was underlain by the northern element of the Włoszczowa Massif. A narrow zone of deeper marly facies, still preserved, split the carbonate platform. That pattern might be detected also in deposition of marls and lumachelles of the following transgression, which commenced in the Kimmeridgian between the Hypselocyclum and Divisum chrons.

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Ewolucja basenu niecki miechowskiej w jurze jako rezultat regionalnych przemian tektonicznych

Złonkiewicz Z.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 6

534-540

EN

Evolution of a sedimentary basin in the Miechów Depression (MD) during the Jurassic was due to the synsedimentary tectonic activity of the Caledonian–Variscan structures. There was a local zone of maximal subsidence extending NW–SE in its area. The Włoszczowa Massif (WM) in the basement of the Permian-Mesozoic cover in central and NW part of theMD was an element of a little lesser subsidence in comparison to the adjacent NW and SE areas. A narrow graben in the Lasocin–Strzelce Dislocation Zone separated it from the Holy Cross Mts. Block (HCM). The Mid-Polish Trough invaded the MD from the NW. The edge of WM (Pilica Fault) limited a reach of the pre-Bathonian SE ingressions. In addition, transgression from an inland basin (from SE) developed since the Bathonian. Grabens and horsts elongated NNW–SSE were formed in the central part of MD. They continued further S-wards beyond the edge of the Carpathians. In the Callovian and Late Jurassic facial zones in the central and NW part of the MD were elongated NW–SE. The zone of major subsidence was located between Pągów and Kostki Małe and stretched further SE into the basin of the Carpathian Foreland. During the Late Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian the shallowest zone of the basinSWto theHCMwas located in theNpart of the WM. Structures formed in the MD area pointed at an oblique extension directed to NW. It was effected by palaeostress directed to NW, stronger in the NW part of the area and gradualy decreasing. The stress reactivated two oblique-slip fault systems: Kraków–Lubliniec and Lasocin–Strzelce. Also an increasing tension to W, stronger in its S part, might be recognized. It activated the Zawiercie Fault in the Late Bajocian and caused left-slip rotation of the WM in the Late Oxfordian. The tectonic model controlling sedimentation during the Latest Jurassic and Early Cretaceous was very similar to the pattern of subsiding and elevating zones formed in this area during Variscan compression. The Mid-Polish Trough was formed by dextral extension and reactivation of dislocations parallel to the edge of the East European Craton. The consolidated HCM-block belonged to a zone of elevated blocks, characteristic for the axial part of an extension basin.

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Palaeotectonic mapping and subsidence modelling of the Outer Western Carpathians

Oszczypko N., Golonka J., Krobicki M., Leśniak T., Słomka T.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2001

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nr 396

117-117

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Palaeo- and rock magnetism of mesozoic carbonate rocks in the sub-tatric series (Central West Carpathians) - palaeotectonic implications

Grabowski J.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

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2000

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Vol. 5

1-88

EN

The paper presents new palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic data from the Mesozoic carbonates of the Fatric (Kriżna) and Hronic (Choć) units from the Polish part of the Tatra Mts. 55 independently oriented hand samples were col-lected in the Western Tatra Mts. from the Kriżna nappe (8 localities; Middle Triassic-Lower Cretaceous) and Choć nappe (1 lo-cality; Middle Triassic). The results are interpreted together with data already published from the High Tatric units and com-pared to the palaeomagnetic database of Mesozoic and Tertiary results from the Eastern Alpine-Carpathian-Pannonian area. The rock magnetic investigations include IRM experiments, hysteresis measurements, thermomagnetic analysis and Iow temperaturę susceptibility measurements. Ali palaeomagnetically investigated sedimentary rocks in the Tatra Mts. were remagnetized. The age of remagnetization was interpreted as 113-88 Ma during Cretaceous Quiet Zone of normal polarity, synchronously with the Late Cretaceous thrusting in the Central West Carpathians (CWC). Fold test in some Kriżna (Bobrowiec and Suchy Wierch) units revealed that the remagnetization took place before the internal deformations of these units took place. Remagnetization is related mostly to pseudo-single domain (PSD) magnetite. In one locality ("Biancone" limestones of Tithonian/Berriasian age) the mixed polarity component was noted. The component passed the reversal test and was preliminarily interpreted as primary. However, different hysteresis parameters and maximum unblocking temperatures in the normally and reversely magnetized samples indicate complex rock magnetic properties and further investigations should be performed to prove its primary naturę. Identification of syntectonic Late Cretaceous remagnetization let to determine the dip of strata in investigated tectonic units during thrusting. The most numerous and reliable data were obtained in this and earlier studies from the High Tatric parautochthon and Bobrowiec, Hawrań and Suchy Wierch units belonging to the Kriżna nappe. Parautochthon was remagnetized in roughly horizontal position (š5°) while the mentioned Kriżna units were dipping at least 10-20° to the S to S W during magnetization. This implies that horizontal compression might be an important factor of their emplacement. However in the two localities from some other Kriżna units palaeomagnetic directions indicate that rocks were magnetized dipping 20-60° to the north thus the attitude of strata during overthrusting was complex. Palaeolatitude of the Tatra Mts. in the Late Cretaceous amounts to 30-36° N. Possibly primary component isolated in the Tithonian/Berriasian limestones indicate palaeolatitude 21-23° N which is closer to the African/Adriatic than European plate. Palaeodeclinations of Mesozoic compo-nents reveal 20-50° clockwise rotation of parautochthonous unit and Kriżna nappe in relation to the European platform. These are most likely resultant values of ca. 60° counter-clockwise rotation after Oligocene and 80-110° clockwise rotation between Cenomanian-Turonian and Eocene. After subtracting the effect of Tertiary rotation, the Mesozoic palaeopoles from the Tatra Mts. are matched with pre-Gosau palaeopoles from the Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA). These two rotational events are most probably characteristic also for the CWC in Slovakia, howeyer their magnitude is variable due to local tectonic effects. Existing palaeomagnetic data point to palaeotectonic affinity of the CWC and NCA in the Mesozoic. On the other hand, the CWC reveal different rotation pattern than the areas belonging to the Adriatic plate (Southern Alps, Inner West Carpathians (IWC) and Northern Pannonia). It seems that different azimuth of the Cretaceous palaeodeclinations between the CWC (predominantly clockwise rotations) and IWC, and Outer West Carpathians (exclusively counter-clockwise rotations) point to Cretaceous rotational movements along the Pieniny Klippen Belt and Meliata suture zones.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono nowe i częściowo opublikowane dane paleo- i petromagnetyczne z mezozoicznych skał węglanowych płaszczowin reglowych dolnej (kriżniańska - Fatricum) i górnej (choczańska - Hronicum) w polskiej części Tatr. Próbki do badań paleomagnetycznych pobrano z 8 stanowisk (środkowy trias-dolna kreda) w płaszczowinie reglowej dolnej i 1 stanowiska (środkowy trias) w płaszczowinie reglowej górnej. Ogółem pobrano 55 niezależnie zorientowanych próbek ręcznych. Wyniki badań zinterpretowano razem z opublikowanymi już danymi z tatrzańskich serii wierchowych i odniesiono do paleomagnetycznej bazy danych z obszaru wschodnich Alp, Karpat i rejonu pannońskiego. Przeprowadzone eksperymenty petromagnetyczne obejmowały badania izotermicznej pozostałości magnetycznej (IRM), parametrów pętli histerezy, analizy termomagnetyczne i pomiary podatności magnetycznej w niskich temperaturach. Wszystkie badane skały uległy przemagnesowaniu. Wiek przemagnesowania zinterpretowano na przedział 113-88 mln lat temu, najprawdopodobniej podczas ruchów płaszczowinowych na obszarze Centralnych Karpat Zachodnich, w czasie trwania długiej zony o normalnej polarności ("Cretaceous Quiet Zone"). W jednym stanowisku (wapienie "biancone" wieku tyton-berias) stwierdzono obecność składowych namagnesowania o mieszanej polarności, które dają pozytywny wynik testu inwersji i zostały wstępnie zinterpretowane jako składowe pierwotne. Jednak zróżnicowane właściwości petromagnetyczne normalnie i odwrotnie namagnesowanych próbek (maksymalne temperatury odblokowujące i parametry pętli histerezy) sprawiają, że kwestia pierwotności namagnesowania pozostaje otwarta. Wyróżnienie syntektonicznego przemagnesowania późnokredowego pozwoliło na określenie położenia warstw w poszczególnych jednostkach tektonicznych podczas ruchów płaszczowinowych. Najliczniejsze i najbardziej wiarygodne dane uzyskano z jednostki wierchowej parautochtonicznej oraz z jednostek kriżniańskich Bobrowca, Suchego Wierchu i Hawrania. Parautochton uległ przemagnesowaniu w pozycji subhoryzontalnej (ą5°), podczas gdy wymienione jednostki reglowe uzyskały namagnesowanie zapadając 10-20° w kierunku S do SW. Wniosek ten może mieć znaczenie przy określaniu mechanizmu transportu płaszczowin reglowych: w tym wypadku wydaje się, że główną rolę odgrywała pozioma kompresja. Jednak w dwóch stanowiskach z innych jednostek kriźniańskich wtórne kierunki przemagnesowania wskazują, że skały zostały przemagnesowane zapadając 20-60° na N. Paleoszerokość Tatr w późnej kredzie wynosiła 30-36°, natomiast na przełomie jury i kredy 21-23°. Paleodeklinacje kierunków mezozoicznych z Tatr wykazują 20-50° prawoskrętnej rotacji w stosunku do platformy europejskiej. Jest to najprawdopodobniej wypadkowa wartość dwóch rotacji o różnym wieku: lewoskrętnej o kąt 60° po oligocenie i prawoskrętnej o kąt 80-110° między cenomanem/turonem a eocenem. Po odjęciu efektów rotacji trzeciorzędowych paleobieguny z Tatr stają się bliskie przedsenońskim paleobiegunom z północnych Alp Wapiennych. Wymienione dwie rotacje najprawdopodobniej objęły również cały blok Centralnych Karpat Zachodnich na Słowacji, jednak ich amplituda mogła być zróżnicowana wskutek efektów lokalnych. Dane paleomagnetyczne wskazują na bliskość Centralnych Karpat Zachodnich i północnych Alp Wapiennych w mezozoiku, natomiast wykazują różnice w stosunku do obszarów zaliczanych do płyty adriatyckiej (Alpy Południowe, Wewnętrzne Karpaty Zachodnie, Północna Pannonia). Zróżnicowane zwroty pokredowych rotacji tektonicznych w Centralnych Karpatach Zachodnich i obszarach położonych bezpośrednio na N i S od nich (tzn. w Wewnętrznych Karpatach Zachodnich i Karpatach Zewnętrznych) wskazują na możliwość rotacji tektonicznych wzdłuż linii pienińskiego pasa skałkowego i szwu oceanu Meliata.