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Environmental changes during the last millennium recorded in subfossil Cladocera, diatoms and sediment geochemistry from Lake El Sol (Central Mexico)

Zawisza E., Cuna E., Caballero M, Ruiz-Fernandez A. C., Szeroczyńska K., Woszczyk W., Zawiska I.

Geological Quarterly

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2017

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Vol. 61, No. 1

81--90

EN

High-altitude lakes, which are very sensitive ecosystems and respond rapidly to climatic changes, are one of the best targets for palaeolimnological studies. Here, we present the record of environmental changes over the last millennium that are recorded in the sediments of El Sol, a tropical, high-altitude, volcanic crater lake on the Nevado de Toluca, Central Mexico. Palaeolimnological reconstructions are based on subfossil Cladocera, diatoms, magnetic susceptibility and chemical analysis of the sediments. In general, Cladocera occurring in tropical regions, and especially at high altitude, have been studied very little. Our data indicate that in the sequence studied, the species diversity of subfossil Cladocera is very low. Only four species were recorded, and the assemblage is dominated by littoral species. Two Cladocera taxa, Alona manueli and Ilyocryptus, found at Lake El Sol are endemic. Cladocera, diatoms and the sediment chemistry show changes in Lake El Sol which are mostly related to climate. The most pronounced climatic signal was obtained for the early Little Ice Age (1350–1625 AD). This cold episode was expressed by a reduction in the frequency of zooplankton (individuals/cm2/yr) and diatoms (valves/g of dry sediment) and by changes in the organic carbon content in the sediment. Our results show that human activity was very limited throughout the study period. According to historical data the presence of humans at the lake shore was mostly occasional, usually for ceremonial and ritual purposes, and humans did not have an important influence on the lake ecosystem. Only one period was identified when human activity was important. This period corresponds to the introduction of fish into the lake at the beginning of the 20th century.

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First records of Alona werestschagini sinev in Finland - subfossil remains from subarctic lakes

Sarmaja-Korjonen K., Sinev A.Y.

Studia Quaternaria

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2008

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Vol. 25

43-46

EN

Subfossil remains of a new species of Cladocera (water fleas) of the family Chydoridae in Finland, Alona werestschagini Sinev, were found in the sediments of four lakes above the treeline in northernmost Finnish Lapland. The remains were found in surface sediments of three lakes and in early Holocene sediments of one lake where the species was a pioneer which soon disappeared. The remains of A. werestschagini, except the male postabdomen, closely resemble Alona guttata. In Eurasia A. werestschagini has a wide but patchy distribution in cold climates, suggesting that it is a postglacial relict adapted to cold climate and oligotrophic lakes. Recently it has been found also in Norway and Kola Peninsula. The early Holocene finds indicate that the species spread to northernmost Finland after the retreat of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet. Since the species has been found in lakes in very severe conditions it may be used as a palaeolimnological indicator in sediment studies.

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Ewolucja środowiska w rynnie jeziora Jasień w obrazie palinologicznym i zmian fauny Cladocera

Miotk-Szpiganowicz G., Niska M.

Landform Analysis

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2008

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Vol. 7

102--112

PL

Na obszarze rynny jeziora Jasień zlokalizowano cztery stanowiska, dla których wykonano analizę palinologiczną i analizę szczątków Cladocera. Celem badań było odtworzenie przemian środowiska przyrodniczego na tym terenie. Rdzenie, z których pobrano próby do analiz, składały się głównie z osadów typu gytia i torf. Próbki do analiz wykonywano według standardowych procedur. Do obróbki danych liczbowych wykorzystywano program POLPAL. Otrzymane wyniki palinologiczne umożliwiły odtworzenie historii roślinności badanego terenu począwszy od okresu borealnego, a analiza szczątków Cladocera dostarczyła informacji o fazach rozwoju części zbiornika jeziornego Obrowo Duże.

EN

In order to reconstruct the environmental history of the Jasień Lake trough, pollen analysis and an analysis of Cladocera remains have been simultaneously carried out. Sediments for pollen research have been collected in the bay section of the Jasień Lake and in the Obrowo Małe peat bog. Cladocera remains have been sampled in two sites within a peat bog adjacent to the Obrowe Duże Lake. Preparation of samples for both analyses followed standard procedures. Numerical data have been elaborated using the POLPAL software. The results of the palynological study have allowed to decipher vegetation history since the Boreal period. The peat bog of Obrowo Małe began to form at the onset of the Atlantic period. Cladocera remains yielded information about phases of water body evolution in the part of the Obrowo Duże Lake, which subject to silting transformed into a low-level valley bog, and then into a transitional peat bog. Pollen and Cladocera analyses have been carried out on material collected at dissimilar sites, which practically excludes the possibility of correlation of results and allowed one only to reconstruct the major hydrological changes, common for the entire region. In the latest Holocene, in the Jasień Lake trough a trend towards water level decrease is observed due to both climatic and human impact. Further changes included the rise of trophic level in the lake and vegetation succession onto the shallower parts of the lake.