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Wpływ dodatków mineralnych na gęstość upakowania mieszanek trójskładnikowych

Pathania Akanksha, Shukla Abhilash, Vashisht Rajneesh

Cement Wapno Beton

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2020

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R. 25, nr 2

154--162

PL

Za pomocą metody Puntkego zbadano wpływ dodatku popiołu lotnego, popiołu z łusek ryżowych, metakaolinu oraz żużla o dużym rozdrobnieniu, na gęstość upakowania mieszanek trójskładnikowych. Wprowadzenie dodatków mineralnych o uziarnieniu mniejszym od cementu portlandzkiego zwiększa gęstość upakowania mieszanki, poprzez wypełnianie wolnych przestrzeni pomiędzy ziarnami cementu, a w efekcie powoduje wzrost wytrzymałości na ściskanie betonu. Głównym celem badań było zwiększenie gęstości upakowania poprzez częściowe zastąpienie cementu materiałami drobnoziarnistymi. Cement zastępowano w ilościach od 10% do 40%, co 5%. Zbadano wiele różnych kombinacji, a wyniki wykazały, że maksymalną gęstość upakowania wynoszącą 0,586 miały próbki o zawartości 75% cementu, z dodatkiem popiołu lotnego oraz żużla o bardzo dużym rozdrobnieniu, bez zastosowania superplastyfikatora. Dodatek superplastyfikatora jeszcze bardziej zwiększał gęstość upakowania, przy mniejszym stosunku wody do spoiwa.

EN

The effect of fly ash, rice husk ash, metakaolin, ultra-fine slag on the packing density of ternary mix was studied in this paper, using Puntke’s method of particle packing. The addition of these mineral additives, whose particle size is lower than that of the Ordinary Portland Cement, improves the packing density of cement, by filling the voids between the cement grains, which results in increased compressive strength of concrete. The main aim of this research was to increase the packing density by replacement of cement with fine materials. Cement replacement was carried out from 10% to 40% in steps of 5%. Many combinations were tested and results showed that a maximum packing density of 0.586 was achieved at 75% cement content along with fly ash and ultra-fine slag, without addition of the superplasticizer. Addition of superplasticizer further increased the packing at lower water to binder ratio.

2

Influence of Twist on Selected Properties of Multifilament Yarn

Mertová I., Moučková E., Neckář B., Vyšanská M.

Autex Research Journal

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2018

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Vol. 18, no. 2

110--120

EN

Owing to twisting of filament fiber bundle, the structure and consequently various parameters and properties of a fiber bundle are changed. The aim of the work is to verify the effect of multifilament yarn twist (or twist coefficient) on selected mechanical properties such as multifilament tenacity, breaking elongation, and coefficient of fiber stress utilization in the yarn. Furthermore, the influence of twist on structural parameters such as the angle of peripheral fibers, the packing density, and the substance cross-sectional area of fiber bundle is observed. Two multifilament yarns with different filament cross-section shape and material were used for the experiment. Experimentally obtained data was compared with the known model dependencies derived decades ago based on the helical model. It can be stated that multifilament yarn retraction can be predicted based on the angle of peripheral fibers using the Braschler’s model. The coefficient of fiber stress utilization in the multifilament yarn determined experimentally corresponds with a theoretical curve, constructed according to Gégauff and Neckář, in the area of Koechlin’s twist coefficient α > 54 ktex1/2 m−1. Results as well as possible causes of deviations of experimental data from the theoretical one are discussed in this work.

3

Optimization of Packing Density of M30 Concrete with Steel Slag as Coarse Aggregate Using Fuzzy Logic

Arivoli M., Malathy R.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2017

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Vol. 62, iss. 3

1903--1913

EN

Concrete plays a vital role in the design and construction of the infrastructure. To meet the global demand of concrete in future, it is becoming a challenging task to find suitable alternatives to natural aggregates. Steel slag is a by-product of steel making process. The steel slag aggregates are characterized by studying particle size and shape, physical and chemical properties, and mechanical properties as per IS: 2386-1963. The characterization study reveals the better performance of steel slag aggregate over natural coarse aggregate. M30 grade of concrete is designed and natural coarse aggregate is completely replaced by steel slag aggregate. Packing density of aggregates affects the characteristics of concrete. The present paper proposes a fuzzy system for concrete mix proportioning which increases the packing density. The proposed fuzzy system have four sub fuzzy system to arrive compressive strength, water cement ratio, ideal grading curve and free water content for concrete mix proportioning. The results show, the concrete mix proportion of the given fuzzy model agrees with IS method. The comparison of results shows that both proposed fuzzy system and IS method, there is a remarkable increase in compressive strength and bulk density, with increment in the percentage replacement of steel slag.

4

Metoda racjonalnego projektowania samozagęszczającego się betonu

Venkateswara Rao S., Seshagiri Rao M. V., Ramaseshu D., Rathish Kumar P.

Cement Wapno Beton

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2013

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R. 18/80, nr 5

271--280

PL

W pracy podano propozycję racjonalnej metody projektowania betonu samozagęszczającego się. W oparciu o badania wytrzymałości i urabialności tego betonu, ustalono że następujące czynniki: upakowanie, wymiary kruszywa, stosunek kruszywa drobnego do całkowitej zawartości kruszywa, zawartość popiołu lotnego, cementu i wody mają najważniejsze znaczenie. Wynika stąd, że te czynniki, których wielkość zakładano w metodzie projektowania betonu podanej przez Nan Su, są ważne i racjonalna metoda projektowania mieszanki powinna opierać się na danych doświadczalnych. Zaproponowana metoda racjonalnego projektowania betonu samozagęszczającego się obejmuje wszystkie jego klasy. Równocześnie jest ona prosta i pokazuje wykorzystanie danych doświadczalnych.

EN

This paper proposes a rational mix design procedure for Self Compacting Concrete (SCC). From the strength and workability studies conducted on SCC in the present investigation, it was noted that the parameters viz., packing factor, effective size of aggregate, fine aggregate - total aggregate ratio, fly ash content, cement content and water content influence the mix proportion to a great extent. It was hence felt that these parameters, which were assumed in case of Nan Su method of mix design, are of reasonable importance and a rational mix design methodology modifying the existing Nan Su method needs to be proposed. This rational mix design procedure can be adopted for designing any grade of self compacting concrete. In the present work a simplified and direct mix design methodology for SCC is proposed based on experimental observations.

5

Metoda projektowania mieszanki zbrojonego włóknami samozagęszczającego się betonu w oparciu o model upakowania materiału ściśliwego

Radhika K. L., Kumar P. R., Rao S. V., Rao M. V. K., Manikanta K.

Cement Wapno Beton

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2012

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R. 17/79, nr 5

310-323

PL

Rozwój samozagęszczającego się betonu stanowi ważny krok w kierunku poprawy jakości betonu i zwiększenia wydajności przemysłu budowlanego. BSZ zbrojony włóknami stalowymi łączy korzyści tego betonu w stanie świeżym zapobiegając powstawaniu rys oraz poprawia właściwości stwardniałego kompozytu w porównaniu z tradycyjnym betonem. Szczelność upakowania kruszywa i włókien w BSZWS określa wymaganą ilość zaczynu do wypełnienia jam w stosie okruchowym. W celu prognozowania gęstości upakowania tego stosu opracowano i sprawdzono model upakowania materiału ściśliwego. Doświadczenia obejmowały BSZ klasy M20, M40 i M60 bez i z włóknami stalowymi zaprojektowane z wykorzystaniem tego modelu. W celu sprawdzenia modelu przeprowadzono badania mieszanek obejmujące rozpływ, pierścień-J, lejek V oraz przepływ przez gęste zbrojenie zgodnie z wytycznymi EFNARC. Zbadano także wytrzymałość stwardniałego betonu. W pracy podano szczegółowy opis zastosowanego modelu, w którym uwzględniono także kilka ważnych czynników, a mianowicie efekt ściany oraz wpływ rozluźnienia stosu okruchowego.

EN

The development of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) marks an important milestone in improving the product quality and thus the efficiency of the building industry. Steel Fiber Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete (SFRSCC) combines the benefits of SCC in the fresh state by avoiding cracking and shows an improved performance in the hardened state compared to conventional concrete. The packing density of the aggregates and the fibers of SFRSCC determine the amount of cement paste that is required to fill the interstices of the granular skeleton. In order to predict the packing density of the granular skeleton, the 'Compressible Packing Model' was used and calibrated with the applied materials. In the present work, M20, M40 and M60 grade SCC mixes, without and with steel fiber, were developed using Compressible Packing Model concept. To qualify the Self-Compacting Concrete mixes thus developed, fresh properties like slump flow, J-Ring, V-funnel, L-flow tests were conducted and checked against EFNARC Specifications. The strength of hardened concrete was also tested. A detailed mix design procedure developed using CPM method has been explained in this paper. It was noted that the CPM based optimization of aggregates considers important parameters like wall effect, loosening effect and perturbed volume which are important in deciding the aggregate portion of SCC.

6

Precipitation of calcium carbonate in the presence of urea at 293K

Białowicz K., Kiełkowska U., Trypuć M.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2008

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Vol. 10, nr 4

7-10

EN

The results of the precipitation of calcium carbonate from waste distillation liquor (DS) from the Solvay method and sodium bicarbonate saturated solution in the presence of urea were presented. The investigation was carried out at 293K. The influence of the time of reagents dosage to the solution of urea on the physicochemical character of obtaining product was studied. The time of reagents dosage: 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 min and the concentration of the urea applied: 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mol/dm3. The granulometric composition, the values of bulk and packing densities and the absorptiveness sorption of water and paraffin oil of the obtaining calcium carbonate were investigated.

7

Study of effect of spinning process variables on the packing density of ring, rotor and air-jet yarns using the Taguchi method

Kumar A., Ishtiaque S. M., Salhotra K. R.

Autex Research Journal

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2006

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Vol. 6, no. 3

122--135

EN

The effect of lap hank, card draft, draft/doublings and drafts at speed frame, ring frame, rotor and air-jet on packing density parameters were analysed using the Taguchi method. The trends of change in packing density with process variables are opposite to those of the yarn diameter and helix angle of the ring, rotor and air-jet yarns studied. The packing density is found to be the highest in air-jet yarn and the lowest in rotor yarn. An increase in draft in the air-jet and a decrease in the rotor spinner increases the packing density of the respective yarns.

8

Selected problems in holographic memory design

Andruchów A., Jaskółka A., Jagoszewski E.

Optica Applicata

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2003

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Vol. 33, nr 4

591-603

EN

The paper concerns the design of a holographic memory system. The results obtained are based on the ray tracing in the optical system proposed. The recommended memory material is LiNbO3 crystal doped with iron. The main task is to obtain maximal packing density using the techniques of both spatial wavelength multiplexing and spatial angular multiplexing.