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EN
Migration of hazardous substances from the packaging and materials in contact with the food and direct contact with the children is an important issue nowadays. It is well know that chemical compounds such as adhesives from packaging and toys can migrate, but question how much migration occurs and what potential health effects it may cause is gaining more attention from researchers. We know that migrating substances can be harmful to health, moreover in case of food they can also change its sensory characteristics. Packaged food is very convenient, but unfortunately since most foods are packaged an increasing number of people are likely to be exposed. Second very important topic in the context of safety are toys for children. Toys contribute to the development of a child however they must be safe for children and ensuring that they do not put children at any risk is a priority. The EU legislation is designed to ensure that toys comply with safety requirements, which are among the strictest in the world, especially in relation to the presence of chemicals. Currently, work is underway in Research & Development Centre for the Graphic Arts aimed at developing adhesive formulations safe for food use and production of toys that meet standards and regulations in this regard.
EN
The text presents the basic issues of offset printing and shows instances of state of the art technological solutions from main three European manufacturers. The main objects of interest are solutions which will support profitable production of packaging products. Modern machines allow to increase production flexibility. Innovative technology facilitates cheaper machine exploitation and reduces ecological impact. Automation in production processes lead to faster and cost-ffective production, which improves competitiveness in printing industry market.
PL
Scharakteryzowano promieniowanie podczerwone jako jeden ze sposobów przekazywania energii cieplnej oraz urządzenia techniczne służące do tego celu, czyli promienniki podczerwieni. Przedstawiono możliwości i przykłady zastosowania promienników podczerwieni w procesach wytwarzania tektury falistej i opakowań. Podkreślono szereg zalet promienników podczerwieni i znaczny postęp w ich budowie i eksploatacji, powodujący ciągły wzrost popularności w zastosowaniu praktycznym.
EN
The infrared heating is described as the one of the systems for transferring the heat energy and the technical equipment to this purpose, thus the infrared heaters. The possibilities and examples are presented of using the infrared heaters in the processes of manufacturing the corrugated board and. packaging. Several advantages of the infrared heaters have been stressed. as well as the considerable development in their design and operation causing the constant increase in their popularity in the practical applications.
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