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Analiza kosztów i czasu budowy domu jednorodzinnego w technologii drewna krzyżowo klejonego CLT

Ossowski Andrzej, Szczepański Marcin

Materiały Budowlane

2021

nr 12

6--10

W artykule przybliżono problematykę konstruowania obiektów z drewna krzyżowo klejonego CLT pod kątem czasu i potencjalnych kosztów budowy. Poddano analizie budowę jednorodzinnego domu w Żółwinie, jednego z pierwszych obiektów z CLT w Polsce. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że właściwości drewna klejonego krzyżowo czynią ten materiał ciekawą alternatywą dla tradycyjnych materiałów budowlanych, takich jak cegła, stal i beton. Duży zakres możliwości obróbki i doboru liczby oraz charakterystyki poszczególnych warstw składowych paneli z CLT stwarzają szeroki wachlarz zastosowania tego materiału w różnego rodzaju obiektach budowlanych. Kwestie proekologiczne, bardzo dobra jakość wykonania elementów konstrukcyjnych, prostota montażu obiektów i czas trwania budowy przemawiają na korzyść coraz szerszego wykorzystywania drewna krzyżowo klejonego w budownictwie. Wysoki koszt materiału oraz niski poziom znajomości technik budowlanych związanych z nowoczesnym budownictwem drewnianym na rynku krajowym mogą być jednak czynnikami spowalniającymi stosowanie tej technologii.

The article presents the problems of constructing objects made of CLT cross-laminated timber in terms of time and potential construction costs. The construction of a single-family house in Żółwin, one of the first buildings, was analyzed with CLT in Poland. The analysis shows that the properties of cross-laminated timber make this material an interesting alternative to traditional building materials, such as brick, steel and concrete. The wide range of possibilities for processing and selection of the number and characteristics of individual component layers of CLT panels create a wide range of applications of this material in various types of construction facilities. Ecological issues, very good quality of construction elements, the simplicity of the assembly of facilities and the duration of construction speak in favor of the increasing use of cross-wood glued in construction. The high cost of the material and the low level of knowledge of construction techniques related to modern wooden construction in the domestic market however, they may be factors that slow down the application of this technology.

Design and analysis of salt collector

Naveen J., Muthuvel K., Karthikeyan G., Gowtham V.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2016

Vol. 74, nr 2

86--92

Purpose: Salt is one of the important cooking ingredients used in our daily life. Tamil Nadu is the second largest producer of salt in India, next only to Gujarat. The salt is collected manually by the labours. Since, there was no equipment to collect the salt from the Salt Pan. The paper describes the design and analysis of the salt collecting equipment. The salt from the Salt Pan which consists of salt water can be removed by this equipment. The wooden plate which is present in the equipment will collect the salt and pushes them to both the sides of the Salt Pan. The hand wheel can be used to move the equipment to front and back motion. Another hand wheel is operated to move the wooden plate to the left and right corner which covers all the places of the Salt Pan. This equipment can be modified and reduced to suitable size as per the length of the Salt Pan varies. In the manufacturing process, the suitable length of the pipe is to be selected for the required length. Design/methodology/approach: Thus, it will reduce the time and also the number of labours in the Salt Pan can be reduced. Salt Evaporation Ponds, also called Salterns or Salt Pans, are shallow artificial ponds designed to extract salts from sea water or other brines. The seawater or brine is fed into large ponds and water is drawn out through natural evaporation which allows the salt to be subsequently harvested. The ponds also provide a productive resting and feeding ground for many species of water birds, which may include endangered species. The ponds are commonly separated by levees. The salt collecting technique is a tedious process in which the salt collected by the labours is done by means of hands, in case we are going to replace the manual collecting method into machine collecting that is the separation of salt from the salt water in the Salt Pan. Findings: The labours needed for the salt preparation process are very less in number. By implementing this idea we can greatly reduces the time and the number of labours involved in the Salt Pan. Salt has a very high corrosion effect. It can damage to the human skins. High intensity reflection of sunlight from salt and saline cause eye problems. The damage can be easily rectified by this method. Practical implications: And, hence the overall salt production efficiency can be increased. The salt collector will replace the old salt collecting method and serves as the useful equipment to the workers in the Salt Pan. Originality/value: In Future, it can be made automatically by using motor and overall process can also be made by FRP which has high corrosion resistance.