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Biologiczne oczyszczanie ścieków zawierających formaldehyd. Cz. 1, Charakterystyka ścieków i oczyszczanie w warunkach tlenowych

Baczyński Tomasz

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2020

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T. 99, nr 12

1749--1752

PL

Przedstawiono przegląd literatury dotyczącej badań nad biologicznym oczyszczaniem ścieków zawierających formaldehyd. Podano ogólną charakterystykę tego związku oraz rodzajów ścieków, w których on występuje. Zestawiono oraz omówiono wyniki prac doświadczalnych nad biologicznym oczyszczaniem ścieków formaldehydowych przeprowadzonych w warunkach tlenowych, zarówno z nitryfikacją, jak i bez niej. Ponadto przedstawiono w zarysie ścieżki biodegradacji oraz oddziaływanie inhibicyjne formaldehydu w takich warunkach.

EN

A review, with 39 refs., of processes occurring at aerobic treatment of the wastewaters in various reactors both with and without nitrification.

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Changes in Oxygen Conditions in Pławniowice Reservoir as a Result of Restoration with Hypolimnetic Withdrawal Method

Kostecki M.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2014

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Vol. 40, no. 2

53--63

EN

The restoration of the anthropogenic Pławniowice water reservoir with the hypolimnion withdrawal method (the Olszewski's tube) began in December 2003. The decision to restore the reservoir had been taken due to its terrible condition resulting from the hypertrophy, which had been indicated by the research from the years 1993–1998. The following paper presents the results of eight-year-long research into the formation of oxygen conditions and restoration settings. They were compared with the data obtained from the research before the restoration. Positive changes were witnessed. It was showed that grasping the changes in oxygen conditions enables the comparison of oxygen profiles in the same months in subsequent years. The ratio of anoxic water layer thickness to the oxygenated layer thickness was suggested as a factor characterizing oxygen conditions. The area described with an izooxa in the xy coordinate system was suggested as a factor [O2 mg/m2] allowing researchers to understand and describe occurring changes. It was observed that the oxygen solved in water as a result of the restoration occurred in the whole water column in the third decade of July. The oxygen concentration in the hypolimnion gradually rose in May, June and July each year. It was showed that the improvement in oxygen conditions stemmed from progressing oligotrophy of the reservoir.

PL

W grudniu 2003 roku rozpoczęto rekultywację antropogenicznego zbiornika wodnego Pławniowice metodą usuwania hypolimnionu („rura Olszewskiego”). Decyzja o rekultywacji została podjęta w związku z dramatyczną sytuacją zbiornika wynikającą z jego hipertrofii, co wykazały badania z lat 1993–1998. W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiono wyniki ośmioletnich badań nad kształtowaniem się stosunków tlenowych, warunkach rekultywacji. Wyniki te porównano z danymi uzyskanymi w trakcie badań przed rekultywacją, wykazując pozytywne zmiany. Wykazano, że uchwycenie zmian stosunków tlenowych umożliwia porównywanie profili tlenowych w tych samych miesiącach, w kolejnych, następujących po sobie latach. Zaproponowano stosunek miąższości warstwy wody pozbawionej tlenu do miąższości warstwy natlenowanej, jako wskaźnik charakteryzujący warunki tlenowe. Zaproponowano pole powierzchni określone izooksą w układzie osi (x, y) jako wskaźnik [mg O2/m2] umożliwiający uchwycenie i opisanie zachodzących zmian. Stwierdzono, że w wyniku rekultywacji rozpuszczony w wodzie tlen występuje w całym słupie wody jeszcze w trzeciej dekadzie lipca. Z roku na rok stężenie tlenu w hypolimnionie, w maju, czerwcu i lipcu z roku na rok stopniowo wzrasta. Wykazano, że poprawa stosunków tlenowych wynika z postępującej oligotrofizacji zbiornika.

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Diurnal variations in nitrogen, phosphorus and iron compounds in the southern Baltic Sea

Sikorowicz G., Falkowska L., Burska D., Dunajska D., Pryputniewicz D., Magulski R., Lewandowska A.

Oceanologia

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2005

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No. 47 (2)

243-263

EN

In order to assess their short-term variability, nutrient concentrations were measured at standard depths at 2 h intervals in the deepest region of the Gdańsk Deep during the first ten days of June 2001. The mean concentrations of nutrients in the euphotic zone were: NN (NO_2-, NO_3-, NH_4+) - 1.93 žmol dm^-3, PO_4^3- - 0.12 žmol dm^-3 and Fetot - 0.11 žmol dm^-3. During daylight hours, when the rate of assimilation was fastest, concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron compounds were very low. The phosphate concentration fell to a minimum (0.03 žmol dm^-3) between 04:00 and 10:00 hrs, while total iron dropped to 0.01 žmol dm^-3 between 10:00 and 16:00 hrs. Both levels were below the limiting values for phosphorus and iron. At night, concentrations of NO_3- and PO_4^3- rose by 25%, those of NH_4+ and Fetot by 35%. The mean molar ratios of N_N:PO_4^3- and Fetot:PO_4^3- in the surface layer were subject to significant daily fluctuations. The molar N_N:PO_4^3- ratio was higher than the optimum value established for the Baltic Sea. Below the halocline, the concentrations of dissolved iron and phosphorus rose as a result of diffusion from sediments in response to changing redox conditions.

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Evidence for a warm water inflow into the Baltic Proper in summer 2003

Feistel R., Nausch G., Heene T., Piechura J., Hagen E.

Oceanologia

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2004

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No. 46 (4)

581-598

EN

The exceptional warm water inflow into the Baltic Sea in summer 2002, which preceded the major Baltic inflow of January 2003, was surprisingly repeated in modified form in summer 2003. Its warm waters even replaced the renewed, cold inflow waters in the eastern Gotland Basin and commenced another warm period in its deep layers, where the previous one had lasted from 1997 to 2003. Details of the temporal and spatial behaviour of this new baroclinic inflow are presented from various measurements carried out from the Kiel Bight up to Gotland, covering the Darss Sill, the Arkona, Bornholm, Gdańsk Basins and the Słupsk Channel, focused mainly on the time period between July 2003 and July 2004. Hypothetically, the repetition of these exceptional warm inflow events could be regarded as a possible regional indicator for global climatic change.

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Warm waters of summer 2002 in the deep Baltic Proper

Feistel R., Nausch G., Mohrholz V., Łysiak-Pastuszak E., Seifert T., Matthäus W., Krüger S., Hansen I. S.

Oceanologia

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2003

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No. 45 (4)

571-592

EN

From October 2002 until March 2003 surprisingly warm, oxygenated waters were frequently encountered in the Baltic Sea in the area between the Bornholm and Fa*rö Deeps from the halocline down to the bottom. Owing to their ventilation effect in the stagnating deep waters, their occasional observations have partly been incorrectly attributed to the inflow events of October 2002 or January 2003. The emergence of some of these waters can be traced back to the exceptional summer weather conditions in August and September 2002 in central Europe. The warm waters played a remarkable renewal pacemaker role for the subsequent important winter inflow of January 2003. The evolution of this summer inflow is described and possible causes are discussed.

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Temporal and spatial evolution of the Baltic deep water renewal in spring 2003

Feistel R., Nausch G., Matthäus W., Hagen E.

Oceanologia

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2003

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No. 45 (4)

623-642

EN

In January 2003, a deep-water renewal process in the Baltic Sea commenced with an inflow of about 200 km3 of cold and well oxygenated water from the Kattegat, half of which was of salinity >17 PSU; it is considered to be the most important inflow since 1993. Related front propagation and the ventilation of anoxic waters between the western and the central Baltic were recorded by the Darss Sill measuring mast, the Arkona Basin buoy, a subsurface mooring in the Eastern Gotland Basin, and hydrographic research cruises conducted in January, February, March, May and August 2003. Already in May, the central Gotland Basin was reached by water with near-bottom oxygen concentrations among the highest ever recorded there. A comprehensive review of the observed spatial and temporal structures together with additional background data is presented. Estimates of the intensity of the present inflow are discussed.