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Changes in the concentrations of selected toxic and essential elements in ewe milk from area with a potentially undisturbed environment

Pšenková Martina, Toman Róbert, Imrich Ivan, Hluchý Svätoslav

Science, Technology and Innovation

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2021

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Vol. 13, no. 2

28--34

EN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lactation on the concentration of selected essential and toxic elements in sheep milk forma area of Slovakia with potentially undisturbed environment and to find the actual contamination of selected area, in view of its environmental character. The research was conducted with 400 sheep (Tsigai breed), where the milk samples were taken during the lactation periods (early, middle and late lactation stage). Sheep were reared on the extensive pastures, reared indoors afterwards, fed with pasture ad libidum. Milk samples were collected after morning and afternoon milking. The samples of milk were analysed toxic and essential elements (Ca, Se, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) by the method of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The macro elements concentration in milk changes following the stages of lactation (p < 0.05). There was found that Ca milk concentration increased gradually in the following stages of lactation while Mg, Se, and Fe only in the last stage of lactation. With order hand, the milk concentration of Zn was the highest during summer (p < 0.05). Simultaneously the contents of essential elements (Cu) and toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) in milk were very low, below the limit of quantification. In conclusion, ewe’s milk from potentially undisturbed environmental areas of Slovakia is safe and poses no risk to consumer health, and is suitable for use directly or in dairy processing.

2

Sheep in the Polish Carpathians: genetic resources conservation of the Podhale Zackel and Coloured Mountain Sheep

Kawęcka A., Krupiński J.

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2014

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no. 1

35--45

EN

Native breeds of sheep in the Polish Carpathians (Polish Mountain Sheep, Podhale Zackel, Coloured Mountain Sheep) are very well adapted to the local environmental conditions, undemanding in feed and highly resistant to adverse living conditions. They play an important role in rural tourism as a component of landscape, folk culture and supplier of many valuable products. To save local breeds from extinction and preserve valuable characteristics in the population they were included in the sheep genetic resources conservation program, while the national agri-environmental program provides breeders with financial support. Podhale Zackels accompanied man during the period when the wild Carpathian areas were being settled and became a permanent feature of the highlander economy and culture. Coloured Mountain Sheep were kept by mountaineers due to the dark hue of their wool and skin, used to produce regional dresses and decorative elements. Mountain breeds are a multipurpose sheep. They give milk for production of traditional products (oscypek, bundz, bryndza, redykolka, żentyca), wool and delicious meat. Podhale Lamb, derived from mountain sheep, gained the status of Protected Geographical Indication.

3

Neuronowa identyfikacja poziomu zawartości tłuszczu w tkance mięśniowej owiec

Przybylak A., Boniecki P., KOozłowski R. J., Ślósarz P.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 53, nr 2

76-78

PL

Rozwiązanie problemu identyfikacji ilości tłuszczu w mięsie, na podstawie informacji zawartej w obrazie ultrasonograficznym wykonanym na żywym zwierzęciu, ma istotne znaczenie utylitarne. W pracy zaproponowano wykorzystanie nowoczesnych metod sztucznej inteligencji, a w szczególności aproksymacyjnych technik sztucznych sieci neuronowych do określania poziomu zawartości tłuszczu w tkance mięśniowej owiec.

EN

The solution of the problem in the identification process of the quantity of the intramuscular fat, on the basis of contained information in the ultrasonographic image from living animal, has the essential utilitarian meaning. This paper investigates the utilization of methods of artificial intelligence, in particularly approximation algorithms of artificial neural network models.

4

Bone fragments displacement as a determine factor of bone regenerate biomechanical properties

Filipiak J., Kuropka P., Morasiewicz L., Krawczyk A., Będziński R., Kuryszko J., Wall A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Katedry Mechaniki Stosowanej / Politechnika Śląska

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2006

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z. 26

105-110

EN

We asked how bone fragment displacement could influence on callus biomechanical parameters and biological quality in bone elongation process. A distraction osteogensis 20mm by Ilizarov method was created in 21 sheep metatarsus. The bone fragments were externally fixed with a specially designed ring actuator-driven external fixator. Two experimental groups witch eight sheep each received either 1 or 2mm axial displacement of bone fragments. Mechanical stimulation was applied over 30 days for lh per day with a frequency of 1 Hz. The third group of five sheep served as a control group only bone elongation applied without actively induced displacement. Eight weeks postoperatively the sheep were killed and the elongated bones were investigated radiologically, biomechanically and histomorphologically. Biomechanical tests were determine callus flexural rigidity. Histological analysis made possible biological quality of callus evaluate.

5

Wpływ parametrów pracy dojarki na wahania podciśnienia w aparatach do doju owiec

Mastyj A.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2006

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R. 10, nr 3(78)

313-320

PL

Analizowano w warunkach laboratoryjnych pracę dwóch aparatów udojowych do doju owiec pod względem długości faz pulsacji i warunków ciśnieniowych panujących w aparacie udojowym dla podciśnienia pracy 32, 36, 40, 44, 48 kPa, częstotliwości pulsacji 90, 120, 180 i 240 p/min oraz współczynnika pulsatora 50, 60 i 70%. Wykazano, że chcąc dotrzymać zaleceń norm odnośnie udziału faz b i d w cyklu przy częstotliwościach pulsacji 180 i 240 p/min należy stosować współczynnik pulsatora 60%, a przy częstotliwości pulsacji 240 p/min należy również obniżyć podciśnienie do 32-40 kPa. Występują istotne różnice między poszczególnymi aparatami udojowymi pod względem warunków ciśnieniowych panujących w komorze podstrzykowej. Aparat nr 2 powoduje znaczący wzrost średniego podciśnienia w fazie b i duże wahania podciśnienia.

EN

The performance of two milking clusters for sheep was analyzed in laboratory conditions as regards the length of pulsation phases and pressure conditions in the milking cluster for vacuum settings: 32, 36, 40, 44 and 48 kPa, pulsation rates: 90, 120, 180 and 240 p/min and and pulsator ratio 50, 60 and 70%. It was demonstrated that in order to follow the standard recommendations concerning the share of the phase b and phase d in the cycle at pulsation rates of 180 and 240 p/min, the 60% pulsator ratio should be used, while for pulsation rate 240 p/min also vacuum value should be lowered to between 32 and 40 kPa. There are significant differences between individual milking clusters concerning their pressure conditions in the teatcup pulsation chamber. Cluster No.2 causes a significant increase in mean underpressure value at the phase b and great vacuum fluctuations.