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Historia eksploatacji węgla kamiennego na polu „Piast” w Nowej Rudzie na Dolnym Śląsku z uwzględnieniem zjawiska wyrzutów gazów i skał

Bodlak M., Borzęcki R., Zibrow A.

Hereditas Minariorum

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2016

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Vol. 3

53--81

PL

Górnictwo węgla kamiennego w rejonie Zacisza w Nowej Rudzie przez większość swojej historii borykało się z licznymi, naturalnymi zagrożeniami. Początkowo głównym zagrożeniem były tu wody opadowe, które przenikając szczelinami z powierzchni do podziemnych wyrobisk powodowały ich zatopienie, nieraz całkowicie uniemożliwiając dalsze urabianie węgla kamiennego. Pod koniec XIX wieku, po podjęciu eksploatacji w ławach łupków ogniotrwałych, pojawiało się także niebezpieczeństwo samozapalenia występujących w nich wkładek węgla kamiennego. Największe zagrożenie stanowiły jednak wyrzuty gazów i skał. Artykuł prezentuje unikalne, niepublikowane dotychczas, materiały (sprawozdania, mapy i szkice sytuacyjne) dotyczące przypadków wyrzutów o największej sile. Znajdują się one w zbiorze dokumentów pokopalnianych przechowywanych w archiwum Muzeum Górnictwa Węglowego w Nowej Rudzie.

EN

In 1941 the old coal mine of Ruben (“Piast Nowa Ruda”) in Nowa Ruda saw the biggest gas and rock outbursts in the history of mining on the current Polish territory. The outburst was also the most tragic causing the death of 187 miners. Tis article discusses important documents related to that tragic accident. The authors came into possession of the documents courtesy of the private owner of the museum of the Coal Mine in Nowa Ruda. There was a need to summarize the history of mining as there are chances for the resumption of coal mining in the area of the discussed mine. The research concerning the not yet fully understood problem of gas and rock outbursts revealed those outbursts played a decisive role in mining. Therefore any resumption of mining could be an unprecedented opportunity to start research in this area. Throughout the history of exploitation of the mines “Ruben” and “Piast” there were more than 1200 gas and rock outburst, and 13 accidents in which a total of 241 miners were killed, most of whom were the victims of the outburst of 1941. After analyzing the history of the mine, attention has been drawn to the political and social background of the history of Nowa Ruda. The largest number of gas and rock outburst occurred in periods when the mine underwent pillaging exploitation and during the personnel problems. It is argued that indication of the influence of the human factor as the cause of accidents seems to be unreasonable for the time before 1927. In the indicated period the miners were only beginning to learn about carrying out excavations under the ever changing conditions and trying to understand the phenomenon of gas and rock outburst.

2

Struktury odmienione węgla kamiennego w strefach zaburzeń tektonicznych – propozycja klasyfikacji

Godyń K.

Prace Instytutu Mechaniki Górotworu PAN

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2011

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Vol. 13, no. 1-4

11--29

PL

W kopalniach węgla kamiennego, w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie uskoków występują strefy silnie narażone na zaistnienie niekontrolowanych zjawisk gazogeodynamicznych. Jest to spowodowane specyficzną, odmienioną budową wewnętrzną węgla znajdującego się w strefie zaburzonej tektonicznie – przyuskokowej. W pracy dokonano szczegółowego opisu tych wewnętrznych zaburzeń strukturalnych w węglu, rodzaju i stopnia tych zmian. Do badań wykorzystano metody: mikroskopii w świetle spolaryzowanym, odbitym oraz skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej (SEM EDX). Dokonano również pomiarów mikrotwardości węgla w różnym stadium degradacji struktury wewnętrznej. Do tego celu posłużono się mikrotwardościomierzem wykonującym pomiary twardości metodą Vickersa. Na podstawie tych badań dokonano ujednolicenia klasyfikacji takiego „odmienionego strukturalnie” węgla a także określono jego podatność na możliwość inicjacji wyrzutów w kopalniach węgla kamiennego.

EN

In hard coal mines, in the direct vicinity of faults, there exist areas particularly prone to occurrence of uncontrollable gas-geodynamic events. The existence of these areas is due to a specific, nonstandard internal structure of coals present in a tectonically disturbed (i.e., near-fault) zone. The paper provides a detailed description of these internal distortions in coal, as well as of the type and degree of these alterations. For the purpose of the research, the following methods were used: polarized light microscopy, reflected light microscopy, and scanning electrone microscopy (SEM) with an EDX adapter. Also, measurements of microhardness of coal were performed, for various stages of its internal structure damage. To this end, a microhardness tester making use of the Vickers method was applied. The results of the studies served as a basis for standardizing “structurally altered” coals, and helped to determine their susceptibility to a possibility of outburst initiation in hard coal mines.

3

Investigations of outbursts and tremors in Polish collieries with application of radon measurements

Wysocka M.

Nukleonika

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2010

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Vol. 55, No. 4

495-499

EN

In the 80’s and 90’s of the last century some attempts were undertaken to apply specific radiometric methods to support the prediction of outbursts in collieries, located in Lower Silesian Coal Basin (LSCB) in south- -western Poland. This idea was developed as an analogy to the application of radon changes in groundwater prior to earthquakes, and on this basis the hypothesis of variations of radon emanation from coal seams, preceding approaching outburst, was formulated. It has been stated, that a certain correlation between temporal and spatial variations of radon level and the level of outburst’s hazard existed. Then, new investigations have been started in copper and coal mines with the hope to use radon as a tool for the prediction of another dynamic phenomena – tremors. In the case of these investigations, only weak evidences were found. In the last years the occurrence of outburst was noticed in the collieries of Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB). Therefore, we started observations of changes of radon concentration in gas, sampled from headings, driven in endangered coal seams. The goal of the research is an attempt to formulate “radon index of outburst hazard” to support other, routinely used, methods of the prediction of dangerous events. In this paper some results of investigations, done in collieries in LSCB and in copper mines are quoted to give the background for preliminary results of new research, ongoing in one of the coal mines in the Upper Silesia region.

4

Outburts of gas and rocks in viev of laboratory experiments

Wierzbicki M.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Earth Sciences

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1999

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Vol. 47, nr 1

63-72

EN

The results presented in this paper are a successive contribution to investigations on the couse of gas and coal outbursts phenomena, initiated under laboratory conditions. The paper presents results of experiments carried out in order to assess the impact to pressure wave reflected from the open end of the pipe on the course of the outburst. Results of subsequent experiments were divergent. Installation of additional manometers revealed assymmetry of the outburst front despite axial symmetry of the experimental stand and coal briquette. The cause of this asymmetry was briquitte. An improved design of the head was described.