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1

Application of Recurrence Quantification Analysis in the Detection of Osteoarthritis of the Knee with the Use of Vibroarthrography

Machrowska Anna, Karpiński Robert, Maciejewski Marcin, Jonak Józef, Krakowski Przemysław, Syta Arkadiusz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2024

|

Vol. 18, no 5

EN

Nowadays, the world is struggling with the problems of an aging society. With the increasing share of older people in the population, degenerative joint diseases are a growing problem. The result of progressive degenerative changes in joints is primarily the deterioration of the patients' quality of life and their gradual exclusion from activity and social life. The ability to effectively, non-invasively and quickly detect cases of chondromalacia of the knee joints is a challenge for modern medicine. The possibility of early detection of progressive degenerative changes allows for the appropriate selection of treatment protocols and significantly increases the chances of inhibiting the development of degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The article presents a non-invasive method for detecting degenerative changes in the knee joints based on recurrence analysis and classification using neural networks. The result of the analyzes was a classification accuracy of 91.07% in the case of MLP neural networks and 80.36% for RBF networks.

2

Comparison of selected classification methods based on machine learning as a diagnostic tool for knee joint cartilage damage based on generated vibroacoustic processes

Karpiński Robert, Krakowski Przemysław, Jonak Józef, Machrowska Anna, Maciejewski Marcin

Applied Computer Science

|

2023

|

Vol. 19, no 4

136--150

EN

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common cause of disability among elderly. It can affect every joint in human body, however, it is most prevalent in hip, knee, and hand joints. Early diagnosis of cartilage lesions is essential for fast and accurate treatment, which can prolong joint function. Available diagnostic methods include conventional X-ray, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. However, those diagnostic modalities are not suitable for screening purposes. Vibroarthrography is proposed in literature as a screening method for cartilage lesions. However, exact method of signal acquisition as well as classification method is still not well established in literature. In this study, 84 patients were assessed, of whom 40 were in the control group and 44 in the study group. Cartilage status in the study group was evaluated during surgical treatment. Multilayer perceptron - MLP, radial basis function - RBF, support vector method - SVM and naive classifier – NBC were introduced in this study as classification protocols. Highest accuracy (0.893) was found when MLP was introduced, also RBF classification showed high sensitivity (0.822) and specificity (0.821). On the other hand, NBC showed lowest diagnostic accuracy reaching 0.702. In conclusion vibroarthrography presents a promising diagnostic modality for cartilage evaluation in clinical setting with the use of MLP and RBF classification methods.

3

Knee joint osteoarthritis diagnosis based on selected acoustic signal discriminants using machine learning

Karpiński Robert

Applied Computer Science

|

2022

|

Vol. 18, no 2

71--85

EN

This paper presents the results of a preliminary study on simplified diagnosis of osteo-arthritis of the knee joint based on generated vibroacoustic processes. The analysis was based on acoustic signals recorded in a group of 50 people, half of whom were healthy, and the other half – people with previously confirmed degenerative changes. Selected discriminants of the signals were determined and statistical analysis was performed to allow selection of optimal discriminants used at a later stage as input to the classifier. The best results of classification using artificial neural networks (ANN) of RBF (Radial Basis Function) and MLP (Multilevel Perceptron) types are presented. For the problem involving the classification of cases into one of two groups HC (Healthy Control) and OA (Osteoarthritis) an accuracy of 0.9 was obtained, with a sensitivity of 0.885 and a specificity of 0.917. It is shown that vibroacoustic diagnostics has great potential in the non-invasive assessment of damage to joint structures of the knee.

4

Działania wspierające zatrudnienie osób z chorobami przewlekłymi

Bugajska Joanna, Łastowiecka-Moras Elżbieta

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

|

2021

|

nr 10

12-16

PL

Choroby przewlekłe w postępujący sposób ograniczają funkcjonowanie człowieka w życiu codziennym, w tym zawodowym. Wywierają duży wpływ na zdolność do wykonywania pracy i tym samym do zarobkowania. Etiologia chorób przewlekłych jest wieloczynnikowa. Istotną rolę w ich powstawaniu pełnią czynniki zawodowe i styl życia. Oddziaływanie na te czynniki stanowi jedno z ważniejszych zadań wspierających zatrudnianie osób z chorobami przewlekłymi. W artykule omówiono główne działania w zakresie promocji zdrowego stylu życia i dostosowania warunków pracy do potrzeb osób z chorobą zwyrodnieniową stawów, z wybranymi chorobami układu sercowo-naczyniowego (chorobą wieńcową i nadciśnieniem tętniczym) oraz z cukrzycą.

EN

Chronic diseases are progressively limiting the functioning of persons suffering from them in everyday life, including work activity. They have a great impact on the ability to perform work, and thus the earnings. The etiology of chronic diseases is multifactorial. Occupational factors and lifestyle play an important role in their formation. Influencing these factors is one of the most important measures supporting the employment of people suffering from chronic diseases. The article discusses the main activities in promoting a healthy lifestyle and adjusting working conditions to the needs of people with osteoarthritis, selected diseases of the cardiovascular system (coronary artery disease and hypertension), and diabetes.

5

The electromyographic activity characteristics of the gluteus medius muscle before and after total hip arthroplasty

Kopeć Konrad, Bereza Przemysław, Sobota Grzegorz, Hajduk Grzegorz, Kusz Damian

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2021

|

Vol. 23, no. 1

187--195

EN

Purpose: The clinical outcomes of total hip arthroplasty are influenced by the correct muscle function that determines good, longterm and proper function of the artificial joint. The aim of the study was to analyze the electromyographic activity of the gluteus medius muscle in patients with hip osteoarthritis and after arthroplasty in various static weight bearing conditions, both on the affected and contralateral side. Methods: The prospective study involved 70 patients qualified for hip replacement. Patients underwent a surface electromyography of the gluteus medius muscle which involved the Trendelenburg test. The normalized results were obtained for both hips, preoperatively and 6 months after arthroplasty. Results: The only muscle activity differences were found at a full load condition of lower limb. In the preoperative assessment, the activity of the gluteus medius muscle was greater on the side qualified for surgery. After arthroplasty and the rehabilitation period, the muscle activity on the operated side decreased and significantly increased on the contralateral side. Detailed analysis of the contralateral side revealed relationship with osteoarthritis. Previous hip arthroplasty of that side resulted in lower muscle activity, similar to fully functional joints. Conclusion: The activity characteristics of the gluteus medius muscle vary depending on the condition of the joint, and the characteristics change as a result of the surgical procedure performed on both the operated and contralateral sides. These dependencies should be taken into account in the rehabilitation process, especially at the side opposite to the operated one.

6

Hamstring weakness at 90° flexion of involved knee as an indicator of the function deficit in males after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR)

Balki Selvin, Eldemir Sefa

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2021

|

Vol. 23, no. 3

147--153

EN

Purpose: The aim of this study was to elucidate predictors on knee function following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon graft or allograft and to detect the differences between it and the healthy controls. Methods: This study comprised of 46 males, aged 18–45, being within 6–60 months following unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and 50 healthy men. Measurements included the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-17, the self-reported knee function with the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Tegner activity scale and handheld dynamometry the hamstring/quadriceps femoris muscle testing at 90° of flexion. Regression analyses were performed to predict the knee function in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction group. Results: The anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction group showed significantly lower Tegner activity and hamstring/quadriceps femoris strength, higher kinesiophobia and worse Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (p < 0.05). Their Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Sport/Recrection, Quality of Life and –Total values were modestly associated with the satisfaction with prior rehabilitation, activity level, graft type, kinesiophobia, time since the reconstruction and hamstring strength ( p < 0.05). The hamstring strength was the only important predictor of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Total (p < 0.01). The involved knee handheld dynamometrymass normalize-hamstring strength at 90° of flexion predicted 20.5% of the variance in the knee function. Conclusions: Presence of a decreased handheld dynamometry-mass normalized-hamstring strength result at hyper-flexion after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in men may indicate self-reported knee function disorder.

7

Changes in the mechanical properties of femoral cartilage tissue in advanced osteoarthritis

Dragan Szymon Ł., Kuropka Piotr, Kulej Mirosław, Gabryś Piotr, Nikodem Anna

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2020

|

Vol. 22, no. 1

143--152

EN

The main goal of this article was the analysis of the changes of mechanical properties, thickness and histology of the cartilage in different regions of the femur head in advanced stage of the osteoarthritis. Methods: The study material consisted of cylindrical specimens (9.7 mm) prepared form proximal epiphysis of the human femur bone after hip arthroplasty. The thickness was determined from the reconstruction of the specimen from microtomography (SkyScan 1172, Bruker®) images. Mechanical properties of the cartilage tissue were identified in static indentation test conducted the use of MTS® Synergie 100 testing machine. Histological study enabled us to determine cartilage total thickness as well as location and orientation of the collagen fibers. Results: Depending on the region of the head, the cartilage tissue thickness was in the range (0.74–2.23 mm). The lowest thickness values were obtained for the R5 region and the lowest for R4. Samples from R1–R4 regions differ by 24%. Measurements of cartilage tissue indentation, determined with the help of Hayes’ formula, showed that the values of mechanical parameters in regions R1, R2, R3 and R5 have similar values (the difference between them is about 5.5%). Region R4, which had the smallest thickness, also had the lowest values of mechanical parameters. Conclusions: Using κ coefficients, proposed by Hayes, enabled us to obtain similar values of mechanical parameters in the regions R1, R2, R3 and R5, despite differences in cartilage tissue thickness. The R4 region, which had the weakest mechanical parameters, was characterized by the strongest reduction of the articular cartilage tissue, which was accompanied by an unformed mass of cartilage residue originating from the abraded surface and bursa fluid.

8

New approaches in the ortobiological therapy

Ficek K., Rajca J., Racut A.

Engineering of Biomaterials

|

2018

|

Vol. 21, no. 148

75

EN

Osteoarthritis is the most frequently reported and the most onerous disease in middle-aged and elderly people. Degenerative changes constitute a heterogeneous set of pathological transformations of the structure and function of the elements forming the joint, which is the result of factors disturbing their balance. The loss of joint cartilage mass with its insufficient rebuilding or transformation of subchondral bone and other soft tissue structures is characteristic for this disease [1-3]. Nowadays, in addition to the development of invasive surgical methods aimed at cartilage reconstruction, it is possible to use ortobiological therapy in parallel, taking into account the careful qualification for this type of treatment. Ortobiological therapies use the vital potential of the unique tissue that is blood. The expected effects of ortobiological treatment in osteoarthritis is joint cartilage regeneration and acceleration of healing [1,2,4]. The effectiveness of each therapy depends on a number of factors that affect its results not only during or after its application, but also before the start of treatment. Therefore, it is important to properly prepare the tissues for the planned therapy. Targeted physical activity, taking into account the correctness of its performance is extremely important in the preparation of the tissue base for the application of autologous preparations. Physical exercises, preceding the application of injection within the musculoskeletal system, improve the effectiveness of ortobiological treatment. The combination of ortobiological therapy and subsequent physiotherapy support the rehabilitation process, leading to the achievement of the best possible end results [5-7]. The platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a more and more commonly used method of ortobiological therapy. Platelet rich plasma is a source of growth factors that is used to improve the function of tissues by remodeling their morphology and improving metabolism. This therapy distinguishes itself from conventional means of influencing tissue and contributes to establishing a new therapeutic direction in the treatment of osteoarthritis [8]. Another therapy used in ortobiology is autologous conditioned serum (Orthokine®). This modern method of treating inflammation and degenerative joints strengthen the integrity of joint cartilage by introducing antiinflammatory cytokines into the body. In addition, a significant increase in the concentration of growth factors during conditioning using Orthokine® has been demonstrated. These factors stimulate tissue repair and regeneration processes by migrating cells to the site of damage, their multiplication, differentiation and the formation of new blood vessels [9-11]. One of the methods used to treat osteoarthritis is stem cell therapy. The purpose of these cells is to replace the dead cells and rebuild the tissue. Due to the fact that stem cells present in the human body, as the body ages, they lose their ability to intensively regenerate, the method of stem cell proliferation is used for therapeutic purposes. Properly prepared stem cells are injected precisely to the affected area. Stem cell therapy is a method that is constantly improved both in the selection of the source of cells and the method of their preparation in order to isolate and concentrate the cells. The research carried out in this direction is aimed at optimizing the therapy and, consequently, effective assistance to patients with osteoarthritis [12]. An important problem associated with osteoarthritis is the occurrence of degenerative cysts. They appear due to the formation of bloody strokes and the conduct of destructive processes in the subchondral bone. Ongoing work on surgical methods to prevent the rapid progression of the disease. Currently, tissue scaffolds are used to fill defects. These are the resorbable material that fills the tissue defect, and through their structure they allow for the migration of cells and overgrowth of tissues, and thus its reconstruction [13-15]. In order to improve the properties of materials, research is conducted on hybrid implants that would combine individual therapies. The possibility of comprehensive treatment, consisting in filling cavities with an implant, with the use of an ortobiological preparation in the scaffolding space, will allow bone tissue remodeling to proceed under optimal conditions [16].

9

Molecular correlates of joint pain intensity in osteoarthritis

Mlost J., Bryk M., Chwastek J., Korostynski M., Starowicz K.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2018

|

Vol. 21, no. 148

107

10

Current concepts of articular cartilage repair

Mierzwiński M., Ficek K.

Engineering of Biomaterials

|

2018

|

Vol. 21, no. 148

115

11

Influence of the patellar button thickness on the knee flexion after total knee arthroplasty

Rosso I., Surface C., Antonaci P., Surface F. M., Negretto R. J.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2018

|

Vol. 20, no. 4

121-134

EN

One of the main problems of knee replacement is the limit of knee flexion. This study focuses on the knee implant and the patellar component currently in use in total knee arthroplasty, analyzing the influence of patellar thickness on the degree of knee flexion following surgery. Methods: A kinematics study was performed to evaluate whether an optimal patellar thickness can be identified, which enables the maximum flexion angle to be achieved. Using TC images, a healthy model was built. On this basis, a model of a knee joint which had undergone total knee arthroplasty using a Legion PS prosthesis was constructed. Initially, the standard thickness of patellar implant (9 mm) was used to build the model; then several different patellar implant thicknesses (in the range of 5–15 mm) were analyzed. Results: The results show a non-linear trend: a button thickness of less than 9 mm does not change the flexion angle, whereas a button thickness of over 9 mm results in a loss of flexion. The flexion loss is significant in the first two additions of thicknesses but negligible in the last ones. Conclusions: In the case studied, flexion reduction is not linearly proportional to the patellar thickness. The outcome of total knee arthroplasty is considered to be satisfactory with the standard patellar button. The results of this study could be used to compare the kinematics with other total prosthesis and patellar implants, and should enable the optimization of the patellar residue bone thickness to obtain deep flexion.

12

Excessive tensile strain induced the change in chondrocyte phenot

Zhong D., Chen X., Luo Z.-P.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2018

|

Vol. 20, no. 2

3--10

EN

Chondrocyte extracellular matrix type II collagen and proteoglycans ensure an important compression-bearing structure in synovial joint. However, much more type I collagen is generated in osteoarthritis, which implies the presence of abnormal tensile strain in cartilage. We hypothesize that tensile stress influences chondrocyte phenotype at the cellular level, leading to potential osteoarthritis. Methods: Chondrocytes were stimulated with cyclic excessive tensile (10%) or mild tensile or compressive strain (5%) at 0.5 Hz, 3 h per day for 3 days. Chondrocyte morphology and matrix proteoglycans level was separately determined by Rhodamine phalloidin and toluidine blue staining. The expression of cartilage marker molecules was measured using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Chondrocytes demonstrated significant fibroblastic morphology, reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis following exposure to 10% tensile strain. The 10% tensile strain group induced the lowest matrix proteoglycans level. It observably reduced the expression of COL2A1, Acan and SOX9, and increased COL1A1 expression level. The 5% tensile (5% compression) group, maintained the chondrocyte phenotype. Conclusions: The findings identified the effects of different magnitudes of tensile stress on chondrocyte phenotype compared to compressive strain. Further studies on cartilage biomechanical micro-environment might benefit from this study.

13

Zastosowanie pól elektromagnetycznych w leczeniu wybranych chorób układu ruchu

Szymańska K.

Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny

|

2017

|

Vol. 6, nr 6

381--384

PL

Organizmy żywe ewoluowały w polu geomagnetycznym, dlatego większość jest czuła na pola elektromagnetyczne. Efekt oddziaływania pola elektromagnetycznego zależy zarówno od właściwości komórek wystawionych na ekspozycję, jak i parametrów użytego pola. Prace eksperymentalne i kliniczne wykazują wiele korzystnych efektów działania pól elektromagnetycznych. Artykuł ma charakter teoretyczny, przeglądowy, oparty jest na przeglądzie literatury oraz doświadczeniach własnych autora. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie korzystnego wpływu pola elektromagnetycznego na trzy wybrane schorzenia układu ruchu. Zaprezentowano wybrane metody leczenia polem elektromagnetycznym oraz korzystny wpływ wykorzystania tych metod na układ kostny.

EN

Living organisms evolved in the geomagnetic field, thus the majority of them are sensitive to electromagnetic fields. The influence of the electromagnetic field on living organisms depends on the properties of the cells exposed to it and the parameters of the field. Experimental and clinical studies show many beneficial effects of electromagnetic fields. This article is mainly theoretical, reviewing, based on a review of literature and the author’s own experience. The main goal behind this dissertation is to present the beneficial influence of the electromagnetic field on the three selected motion system’s disorders. Methods of electromagnetic field’s treatment and the beneficial effects on the skeletal system were described in the following article.

14

Effect of micro-cracks on the angiogenesis and osteophyte development in degenerative joint disease

Bednarczyk E., Lekszycki T., Glinkowski W.

Computer Assisted Methods in Engineering and Science

|

2017

|

Vol. 24, no. 3

149--156

EN

Osteoarthritis, one of the most common types of arthritis, is characterized by the development of osteophytes. The main cause of joint degeneration is mechanical loading, but there are also several other factors that influence the development of osteophytes. In order to formulate a mathematical model of bone spurs’ development we have selected the most important factors, such as angiogenesis, micro-damage of the tissue structure and cell signaling. The proposed system of integro-differential equations describes the degenerative changes in the joint. Numerical calculations were implemented into the COMSOL Multiphysics software and the obtained results thus reflect relationships between certain parameters and variables. Additionally, the results correspond with those obtained from medical observations.

15

Osteophyte development during osteoarthritis (OA) : consideration of angiogenesis, mechanical loading and tissue microstructure

Bednarczyk E., Lekszycki T.

Engineering Transactions

|

2016

|

Vol. 64, iss. 4

533--540

EN

This paper is devoted to modelling and investigation of the effects of mechanical loading, blood vessels development and tissue microstructure in osteoarthritis (OA) – a degenerative joint disease. OA is one of the most common diseases affecting the population, and therefore it is a social and medical problem of utmost importance. It predominantly affects the elderly but also sportsmen, obese people and those with curvature of the spine. Although the phenomenon of OA is not yet fully understood, it is commonly accepted that mechanical aspects are crucial in its evolution [1, 2]. Mechanical overloading leads to chondrocytes apoptosis which increases generation of vascular endothelial growth factors [3] then expansion of angiogenesis and osteophyte onset. A properly formulated mathematical model of cartilage degeneration and osteophytes development can significantly help in understanding the complexity of this process. The presented model reflects the most important aspects of the interactions between mechanical and biological factors, crucial for the phenomenon of OA.

16

Analiza zmian struktury i gęstości kości gąbczastej w nasadzie bliższej kości udowej zmienionej zwyrodnieniowo

Burzyńska K., Nikodem A., Słowiński J., Filipiak J.

Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki

|

2015

|

z. 9

25--30

PL

Zmiany geometrii kości spowodowane rozwojem osteoartrozy (OA) dotyczą coraz szerszej populacji. Skomplikowany przebieg choroby wymaga prowadzenia dokładniejszych badań mechanizmów powstawania choroby. W pracy przeprowadzono analizę numeryczną przebudowy tkanki gąbczastej kości udowej według dwóch modeli przebudowy (model Tsuboty oraz model Cartera) w zależności od stadium rozwoju choroby zwyrodnieniowej. Pokazano wpływ zmian geometrii nasady na rozkład beleczek kostnych w chorobie zwyrodnieniowej.

EN

Changes in bone geometry caused by development of osteoarthritis (OA) affect more and more people. The complicated course of the disease necessitates a closer studies of mechanisms of the disease. In the paper numerical analysis of remodeling of femur spongy tissue was carried out. Two models of reconstruction were used (Tsubota model and Carter model) depending on the stage of development of osteoarthritis. Impact of changes in geometry of epiphysis on the distribution of trabecular bone in osteoarthritis were analyzed.

17

The use of hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of knee cartilage

Kwasek B., Bogdał D.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Chemia

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2014

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R. 111, z. 1-Ch

57--68

EN

The aim of this paper is to describe the possibilities of the therapeutic use of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the treatment of osteoarthritis of knee cartilage. This work provides an overview of the literature relating to the structure of hyaluronic acid, its properties and important functions of the human body. Moreover, the construction of the articular cartilage in the knee joint, including events leading to its degeneration, is presented. Viscosupplementation is a treatment for osteoarthritis involving several intra-articular injections of HA at specific time intervals. This treatment results in an increased lubricity, viscosity and elasticity of articular cartilage. Since HA is found naturally in the human body, viscosupplementation improves the biomechanical conditions of the joint whilst minimizing the side-effects of treatment. Hyaluronic acid occurs naturally in a linear form, but for many applications, chemical modifications are necessary. Thanks to this property, it remains in the body long enough to produce the desired therapeutic effect. Modification processes, in particular the cross-linking of HA, increase the mechanical properties of knee cartilage. HA is an example of a new kind of tissue engineering scaffold that is bioactive in both full-length and degraded forms. In turn, hydrogel scaffolds with interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) gels can simulate the structure of the native extracellular matrix of cartilage tissue.

PL

Celem badań jest przedstawienie możliwości terapeutycznego zastosowania kwasu hialuronowego w leczeniu choroby zwyrodnieniowej chrząstki stawu kolanowego. Praca zawiera przegląd literatury dotyczący struktury kwasu hialuronowego, jego właściwości oraz ważnych funkcji jakie pełni w ludzkim organizmie, ponadto budowy chrząstki stawowej w stawie kolanowym oraz czynników prowadzących do jej degeneracji. Wiskosuplementacja jest metodą leczenia osteoporozy polegającą na dostawowych wstrzyknięciach tego biopolimeru w określonych odstępach czasu oraz kilkakrotnych powtórzeniach. Leczenie zwiększa lepkość oraz elastyczność chrząstki stawowej, która jest lepiej odżywiana. Wiskosuplementacja poprawia warunki biomechaniczne stawu, co więcej kwas hialuronowy występuje naturalnie w organizmie człowieka, w ten sposób pomaga zminimalizować skutki uboczne leczenia. W naturalnej postaci kwas hialuronowy występuje w postaci liniowej, ale w wielu zastosowaniach konieczna jest jego modyfikacja chemiczna. Dzięki tej właściwości pozostaje w organizmie na tyle długo, aby wywołać pożądany efekt terapeutyczny. Procesy modyfikacji, w szczególności sieciowanie kwasu hialuronowego zwiększa właściwości mechaniczne materiału. Badania potwierdzają, że hydrożelowe rusztowania z wzajemnie przenikającymi się sieciami polimerowymi (IPNs) mogą symulować strukturę natywną macierzy zewnątrzkomórkowej chrząstki.

18

Badania właściwości stukturalnych i mechanicznych tkanki kostnej zmienionej zwyrodnieniowo

Tomanik M., Nikodem A.

Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki

|

2013

|

z. 7

163--168

PL

Celem badań było określenie właściwości mechanicznych oraz strukturalnych tkanki kostnej gąbczastej pochodzącej z nasad bliższych kości udowych. Materiał badawczy pochodził od pacjentów z chorobą zwyrodnieniową o zróżnicowanym stopniu zaawansowania. Porównując wyniki właściwości strukturalnych i mechanicznych próbek pochodzących z różnych regionów nasady bliższej można stwierdzić większe zmiany modułu Younga, DMA, BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N oraz DA w rejonie tkanki kostnej, która znajduje się bezpośrednio pod degradującą się stawową warstwą tkanki chrzęstnej.

EN

It is common known that the cancellous bone is able to change its structure under the influence of acting forces. The Osteoarthritis (OA), is degenerative joint disease, caused by the breakdown of cartilage and is most common in hips. As OA is progressing the mechanical stress on joint increase, causing a degeneration and deformation of a femur head. Due to changes of mechanical conditions in the joint the structure of bone adapts to new loading forces. The purpose of the study is to determine the mechanical and structural properties of human femoral bone tissue in different stages of OA.

19

Correlations between structural and mechanical properties of human trabecular femur bone

Nikodem A.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2012

|

Vol. 14, no. 2

37-46

EN

In this article, the author presents mathematical relationships between the structural and mechanical properties of cancellous human bone tissue obtained by experimental analysis of specimens. Bone tissue material can adjust its internal structure to the existing loading conditions. The mechanical properties affect the structural properties but changes in structural properties likewise cause changes in the mechanical properties of the tissue. In normal tissue, the processes of tissue construction, destruction, and reconstruction are mutually balanced and complementary; if that balance is disturbed, lesions can occur. Therefore, normal bone tissue and pathologically changed tissue (osteoporosis and osteoarthrosis) coming from the area of human femoral head were examined. The structural properties of cancellous tissue specimens were determined non-destructively for three-dimensional reconstructions with the use of modern micro-CT methods. The mechanical properties of the specimens were determined by an uniaxial compression test in three orthogonal directions. Next, in order to specify the compressive strength, a failure test was conducted in the direction perpendicular to the neck-shaft angle of the hip joint.

20

Hydrolizat kolagenu - nowoczesny suplement diety

Świderski F., Czerwonka M., Waszkiewicz-Robak B.

Przemysł Spożywczy

|

2009

|

T. 63, nr 4

42-44

PL

Kolagen stanowi ok. 30% wszystkich białek występujących w organizmie człowieka. Po dwudziestym piątym roku życia, w wyniku procesu starzenia, poziom kolagenu jest coraz mniejszy, co może powodować wiele schorzeń kości i stawów. Suplementy diety zawierające hydrolizat kolagenu stymulują syntezę kolagenu w stawach i kościach. Badania wykazały, że suplement ten jest pomocny w leczeniu osteoartrozy i osteoporozy.

EN

Collagen accounts for about 30% of human body's total protein and is essential for the healthy growth and development of muscles, tendons and bones. From the age of 25 our collagen levels is subject to reduction as a part of ageing process, what could contribute to many bone and joint diseases. Nutritional supplements containing hydrolyzed collagen could stimulate collagen synthesis in joints and bones. The conducted tudies showed that this supplement was helpful in prevention and treating osteoarthritis and osteoporosis.