Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Immobilizacja bakterii magazynujących fosfor na nośniku mineralnym

Bazeli Monika

Forum Eksploatatora

|

2023

|

Nr 4 (125)

31-34

PL

Usuwanie ortofosforanów z wykorzystaniem Acinetobacter może być korzystnym ekologicznie i ekonomicznie sposobem na usprawnienie procesu biologicznego usuwania fosforu ze ścieków.

2

Oszacowanie ładunku zanieczyszczeń biogennych transportowanych do Zatoki Gdańskiej przez Potok Oliwski

Matej-Łukowicz K., Nawrot N., Wojciechowska E.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2018

|

Vol. 19, nr 2

1--8

PL

Ciągłe zmiany w środowisku wynikające z zaspokajania ciągle rosnących potrzeb ludności mają poważne konsekwencje. Coraz częstsze zjawiska powodziowe, pogorszenie jakości wód powierzchniowych i zwiększające się zanieczyszczenie mórz są w dużym stopniu skutkiem działalności człowieka. Rosnący udział powierzchni uszczelnionej przyczynia się do zwiększenia zarówno stopnia zanieczyszczenia, jak i ilości wód opadowych, a w konsekwencji ładunku zanieczyszczeń. Celem pracy było określenie szacunkowego ładunku zanieczyszczeń biogennych dopływających do Morza Bałtyckiego z obszaru zlewni Potoku Oliwskiego, jednego z cieków przepływających przez teren miasta Gdańsk. W opracowaniu przedstawiono wyniki badań jakości wody Potoku Oliwskiego, jednego z największych gdańskich odbiorników wód opadowych ze zlewnią o powierzchni prawie 29 km2. Próbki wody pobierano w sześciu punktach (trzech w zlewni naturalnej i trzech w zurbanizowanej) podczas pogody bezopadowej i po wystąpieniu epizodu opadowego. Oznaczono stężenia i obliczono ładunki roczne związków biogennych odprowadzanych do Zatoki Gdańskiej. Największy ładunek azotanów (V) i fosforu całkowitego odprowadzany jest latem i wynosi odpowiednio 4 tony NO3- w przeliczeniu na rok i prawie 2 tony Pog rocznie. Ortofosforany odprowadzane są głównie jesienią, a ich roczny ładunek wprowadzany do Morza Bałtyckiego to prawie 4 tony. Większość substancji biogennych pochodzi ze zlewni zurbanizowanej, dlatego należy w tym obszarze zlokalizować i ograniczyć źródła zanieczyszczeń.

EN

Flood events, worse condition of surface waters, and pollution of sea waters are associated with the anthropogenic changes in the environment. Increasing pollution and the amount of rainwater – raise the pollution load as a result of increasing the built-up area. The aim of the study was to investigate the pollution load coming from a catchment in Gdansk to the Baltic Sea by stream. The study presents the results of water quality tests in the Oliwa Stream. It is one of the largest rainwater receivers in Gdansk with a catchment area of almost 29 km2. Water samples were collected at six points (three in the natural catchment and three in urbanized catchment). The pollutant concentrations were obtained from the tests On the basis of the results, the loads of biogenic compounds introduced into the Gulf of Gdansk were calculated. The largest load of nitrates (V) and total phosphorus is discharged in the summer and amounts to 4 tons NO3-and almost 2 tons of total phosphorus per year, respectively. Orthophosphates are discharged mainly in autumn, and their annual load is almost 4 tons. The majority of biogenic substances comes from the urbanized catchment; therefore, it is necessary to locate and limit the sources of pollution in this area.

3

Magnetic characterization of microcrystalline Na3Ln0.99–xEr0.01Crx(PO4)2 orthophosphates synthesized by Pechini method (Ln = La, Gd)

Kaczmarek S. M., Leniec G., Fuks H., Skibiński T., Pelczarska A., Godlewska P., Hanuza J., Szczygieł I.

Materials Science Poland

|

2017

|

Vol. 35, No. 4

733--745

EN

Na3Ln(PO4)2 orthophosphates (Ln = La, Gd) doped with Er3+ and co-doped with Cr3+ ions were synthesized by Pechini method and characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Low temperature EPR spectra were detected and analyzed in terms of temperature dependence and the structure of the obtained materials. They show that erbium and chromium ions substitute Ln3+ and also Na+ ions or Na+ channels forming complex EPR spectra. Both kinds of ions reveal ferromagnetic type of interaction which shows some anomaly at the temperature between 10 K and 15 K. Magnetic susceptibility reveals a weak antiferromagnetic kind of interaction dominating in the whole temperature range, from 3.5 to 300 K.

4

Porównanie efektów usuwania ortofosforanów ze ścieków metodą elektrokoagulacji i metodą roztwarzania metali

Wysocka I., Giza M. N.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2011

|

Tom 13

1915-1925

PL

Celem niniejszych badań było porównanie efektów usuwania związków fosforu (ortofosforanów) z wód z dodatkiem ortofosforanów, z wykorzystaniem dwóch metod: metody elektrokoagulacji (z wykorzystaniem procesów elektrochemicznych z użyciem prądu stałego) i metody roztwarzania metali (z wykorzystaniem procesów korozyjnych).

EN

There is a search in progress for some efficient methods of removing biogenic compounds from the treated sewage. Unquestionably, effective methods of phosphorus compounds removal include precipitation methods. The most common is the chemical precipitation method based on applying iron, aluminium or calcium salt to the solution and electrocoagulation. These methods utilise low solubility of metal phosphates and their sorption on the surfaces of the forming agglomerates. The real mechanism is quite complicated and consists of transforming phosphorus compounds into insoluble forms, and then separating them from the sewage by flotation, sedimentation, filtration. The method of iron solution should also be accounted into similar physical and chemical methods. The main difference between the aforementioned methods lies in the way of applying the precipitation agent to the solution. The method of iron solution is based on similar premises as the electrocoagulation method, however, metal ions here are dissolved into the solution as a result of spontaneous corrosion processes and, due to the further transformations in the sewage environment, they are to be responsible for phosphorus removal. The article presents comparative tests on a laboratory scale. The electrocoagulation method and metal digestion method were compared with regard to the effectiveness of orthophosphates removal from synthetic sewage. The comparison of both methods suggests that they can bring similar results of removing phosphorus (ortophosphates) from sewage. The process of reduction of concentration of orthophosphates in sewage occurs faster when the electrocoagulation method is used. However, with a longer test duration, better results are achieved using the metal digestion method. It was also noted that both methods introduce different amounts of iron into the solution. The methods differ with regard to the amount of iron remaining in the sewage in a suspended form. This indicates a better use of iron ions in the metal digestion method and it slightly limits the problem of an excessive amount of sludge.

5

Synergistic effects of modified anticorrosive pigments combined with solid organic corrosion inhibitors

Sowade T., Kirmaier L.

Ochrona przed Korozją

|

2011

|

nr 11

632-635

EN

Corrosion protection of metallic materials has for a long time been one of the key roles performed by organic coatings. In recent years electrochemical and other modifications of standard zinc phosphate were leading the way to an outstanding corrosion protection based on a large range of modified ortho- and polyphosphates. While some of these pigments are dedicated to special binder systems/applications, new successful developments were focussing on a broad applicability of a single Wide Spectrum Anticorrosive Pigment in a variety of different binder systems. Combinations of modified anticorrosive pigments with solid organic corrosion inhibitors show an extraordinary synergistic effect and therefore are able to further boost the performance of a protective coating. Keywords: corrosion, corrosion protection, anticcorosive pigments, orthophosphates

PL

Od dawna powłoki organiczne odgrywają główną rolę w ochronie metali przed korozją. W ostatnich latach m.in. elektrochemiczne modyfikacje, obejmujące standardowo stosowany fosforan cynku, doprowadziły do znalezienia rozwiązań zapewniających znakomitą ochronę antykorozyjną w oparciu o szeroki zakres zmodyfikowanych orto- i polifosforanów. Podczas gdy niektóre spośród omawianych pigmentów przeznaczone są do specjalnych zastosowań/ systemów powłokowych, przy szukaniu nowych rozwiązań skoncentrowano się na możliwości szerszego zastosowania pojedynczego pigmentu antykorozyjnego o szerokim spektrum działania w różnych systemach powłokowych. Połączenie zmodyfikowanych pigmentów antykorozyjnych ze stałymi organicznymi inhibitorami korozji wykazują nadzwyczajne działanie synergiczne, co umożliwia poprawę właściwości powłok ochronnych.

6

Qualitative and quantitative changes of diatoms with relation to physiochemical water parameters in the littoral zone of the urban Lake Jeziorak Mały

Zębek E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2007

|

Vol. 36, No.4

3-22

EN

Phytoplankton in the littoral zone of the urban Lake Jeziorak Maly (Mazurian Lakeland) were studied between April and October of 2002 and 2003. Five diatom species (Fragilaria delicalissima, Aulacoseira gramilata, Fragilaria capucina, Diatoma vulgaris, Fragilaria crotonensis) and one genus (Rlrizosolenia sp.), comprising the major proportion of total abundance and biomass of diatoms, were chosen for the study. The relationships between the biomass of these diatoms and water temperature, oxygen content, electrolytic conductivity, orthophosphates, silicon and calcium concentrations were analyzed. The biomass of species F. delicatissima, A. granulata and F. capucina tended to be the highest of the six, which were also associated with the widest temperature range, 10.0°C to 18.7°C. These three species exhibited maximum biomass at the highest orthophosphate concentrations. By contrast, F. crotonensis developed in the narrowest water temperature range, 10.0°C to 13.7°C. The maximum biomass of this species was noted at high silicon and calcium concentrations. The diatoms (except i7, capucina and RSiizosolenia sp.) contributed to statistically significant observed reductions in nutrient concentrations during their growth. These results indicate that a range of factors is involved in the productivity and limitation of the studied diatoms, with water temperature being of particular importance.

7

Quantitative changes of Planktolyngbya brevicellularis, Limnothrix redekei and Aphanizomenon gracile in the annual cycle vs. physicochemical water parameters in the urban Lake Jeziorak Mały

Zębek E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2006

|

Vol. 35, No.1

69-84

EN

The study was conducted on net phytoplankton in the urban Lake Jeziorak Mały (Mazurian Lakeland) in the littoral zone in the years 1998 – 2003. The blue-green algae community was dominated by three species: Planktolyngbya brevicellularis (Cronberg &Komarek), Limnothrix redekei (Van Goor) Meffert and Aphanizomenon gracile Lemm. Changes in the numbers of blue-green algae were analyzed in the annual cycle, with respect to water temperature and orthophosphate concentration. One abundance peak of Planktolyngbya brevicellularis was recorded in July, of Limnothrix redekei in May, and for Aphanizomenon gracile there were two peaks in numbers in May and in August. The relationship between water temperature and the occurrence of blue-greens was statistically significant, whereas in the case of orthophosphate concentration, the coefficient of correlation was statistically significant only for Planktolyngbya brevicellularis. On the basis of equations of multiple regression the proportion of orthophosphate concentration was affirmed to be higher than water temperature. This may suggest that the blue-green species contributed to reducing the phosphorus content of the water, and the largest part in this phenomenon could be played by Planktolyngbya brevicellularis, which developed in the widest temperature range and in this way was a competitor species for remaining species.

8

Qualitative and quantitative changes of blue-green algae in response to physicochemical water parameters in the urban Lake Jeziorak Mały

Zębek E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2005

|

Vol. 34, No.1

39--56

EN

The study was conducted on net phytoplankton in the urban Lake Jeziorak Mały (Masurian Lakeland) in 1998. The blue-green algae community was dominated by the species - Planktolyngbya brevicellularis, Limnothrix redekei, and Aphanizomenon gracile. The relationships between selected physicochemical water parameters and the numbers of blue-green algae were analyzed. The correlation coefficients of water temperature and blue-green alga abundance were statistically significant, while those of electrolytic conductivity and alga were negative. There was no correlation between the orthophosphate concentration and the blue-green alga count. Increases in the numbers of Planktolyngbya brevicellularis were observed in the widest temperature range (160C-260C), whereas Limnothrix redekei developed in a temperature range of 190C-220C, and Aphanizomenon gracile in a range of 200C-220C.

9

Annual succession patterns of blue-green algae as related to physicochemical water parameters in the urban Lake Jeziorak Mały in the 1998 - 2003 period

Zębek E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2005

|

Vol. 34, No.4

33--46

EN

Studies on net phytoplankton were conducted in the urban Lake Jeziorak Mały (Mazurian Lakeland) in the 1998-2003 period. Changes in the numbers of blue-green algae were analyzed in the annual cycle with respect to water temperature and orthophosphate concentration. An increase in water temperature above 13oC was followed by an increase in the population density of bluegreens. Two abundance peaks of blue-green algae were recorded in the summers of 1998, 1999, and 2002 and one in the summers of 2000, 2001, and 2003. The coefficient of correlation between water temperature and the occurrence of blue-greens was statistically significant, but no statistically significant correlation was found between orthophosphate concentration and the abundance of blue-green algae. From May to August, under conditions of the domination of bluegreen algae (over 50% of the total phytoplankton biomass) and water temperature exceeding 19oC, this correlation was negative and statistically significant. This suggests that over this period the blue-greens could contribute to reducing the concentration of orthophosphates in the water.