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1

Czy we współczesnej architekturze detal architektoniczny istnieje?

Kołata J.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2012

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R. 109, z. 5-A/2

291--296

PL

Artykuł podejmuje próbę analizy architektury XXI wieku pod katem istnienia detalu architektonicznego. Rozważania przeprowadzono w odniesieniu do postulatów Theo van Doesburga wybranych z 17 „zasad nowoczesnej architektury" sformułowanych w 1915 roku.

EN

The article attempts to analyze twenty-first century architecture for the existence of architectural details. The considerations made in relation to the demands of Theo van Doesburg selected from the 17 "principles of modern architecture," formulated in 1915.

2

Zmieniająca się rola ornamentyki w historii architektury na przykładzie Krakowa

Makowska B.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2002

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R. 99, z. 1-A

83--105

EN

Each of period in history of architecture puts the different aims for ornamentation. Romanesque decoration contains hidden symbols that serve both aesthetic and didactic aims. Development of sculpture decoration in gothic period lead to removal massive and protective character of buildings with formation of small details. Vertical gothic decoration unifies outer and inner space of the architectural form. Rennaissance ornamentation was a sign of a new style, it considerably preceded changes in the buildings structure. The richness of decoration in this period was the expression of social and cultural position of proprietors. Decorative forms were propagated by graphic pattern-books of ornaments and architectural orders. Baroque decoration was artificially stuck to the forms and interiors, it filled an empty spaces with richness of materials and colours (horror vacui). Rococo ornamentation became much more relaxed, nonsymmetrical, braking conventional schemes of surface division. A tendency to harmony, static balance and symmetry of the forms dominated in classical decoration. Ornament in architecture is an essential element, although its role is secondary and complementary. Making decorations is a last step in creation of a good form. Ornamentation has always helped to read the relation of forms to specific time, culture and to recognise the style and fashion. Ornaments, together with the other means of expression, constitutes a kind of historical continuity, so that it is an important source of inspiration in creation of architecture.

3

The Symmetry Peculiarities of Ornamentation of National Lithuanian Woven Fabrics

Neverauskiené D., Kazlauskiené I., Milašius V.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2001

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Vol. 9, no. 1 (32)

63--67

PL

Tradycyjne litewskie tekstylia zajmują ważną pozycję w zwyczajach i tradycji kraju. Tkaniny miały często znaczenie nie tylko materialne, ale i symboliczne. Każda tkanina, w zależności od celebrowanego obrzędu, miała swój własny, unikalny wzór. W artykule przedstawiono technologiczną analizę litewskich narodowych tkanin. Dla analizy ornamentów szali z tkanin podwójnie wałkowanych zastosowano międzynarodowy system klasyfikacji i notacje wg. Wooda. Ornamenty tkane z wątkiem górnym analizowano wcześniej zaprogramowaną metodą wielokrotności matryc. Przedstawione metody ułatwiają zarówno zapis ornamentów jak i możliwości dalszych kreacji.

EN

Lithuanian traditional textiles have an important place in the customs and traditions of the country. The fabrics often had not only material significance, hut symbolic meaning as well. Lach fabric had its own unique ornamentation according to the event celebrated. The technological analysis of Lithuanian national fabrics is presented in this article. The International classification system and notation by Woods is used for analysis of ornaments of pick-up sashes. Ornaments of overshot fabrics are analysed by using the principle of matrix multiplication proposed earlier. These methods facilitate the notation of ornaments, and the possibility also increases in the creation of ornaments.

4

O źródłach ornamentyki w architekturze

Makowska B.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2001

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R. 98, z. 1-A

154--157

EN

A need of ornamentation in architecture results from aesthetic, psychological and socjological factors. Sources of inspiration in creation of ornaments may be found either the human being's ideas or in the nature. The need of using ornaments also comes from the feeling called horror vacui charactericed by unwillingness to tolerate empty space. Ornamentation fills up emptiness, makes dull planes pleasent and complex, it stresses the mood of a space. Sociological aspect of ornamentation is dertermined directly by cultural structure of region, resources of natural environment and climate. It also influenced by indirect factors such as foreign cultures, trends and craftsmen as well as current books of patterns and treatises. Ornamentation makes a built form closer to art, so that it becomes closer to human being, his psychological and aesthetic needs, it helps to preserve his cultural identity.

5

Działania plastyczne w architekturze poprzez ornamentykę

Makowska B.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2000

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R. 97, z. 1-A

160-163

EN

Ornament in architecture is an essential element, although its role is secondary and complementary. Making decorations is a last step in creation of a good form. Ornamentation may counteract monotony, emphasise elements which are important, provide the form with an optic balance and put in order the whole of the composition. It can also act as a background. Ornamentation unifies different arts by repeating similar motives - for example in materials and coulors of the architecture and its background. The colour of ornaments activates the surface of every form and reveals its depth, without using shadows. It helps in articulation of different planes and shapes in space. Suggestive effect of ornamentation is built on comprehension of the essence of the material, in which they are created, its structure, character and colour. Ornamentation has always helped to read the relation of forms to specific time, culture and to recognise the style and fashion. Ornaments toogether with the other means of expression, constitutes a kind os historical continuity, so that it is an important source of inspiration in creation of architecture.