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1 Polish Journal of Ecology

1 2005

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Pioneer oribatid mite communities (Acari, Oribatida) in newly exposed natural (glacier foreland) and anthropogenic (post-industrial dump) habitats

Skubała P., Gulvik M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2005

Vol. 53, nr 3

395-407

A new habitat for many inhabitants is created as a result of glacier retreating or spoil-heap construction and these sites provide a unique experimental field for studying primary succession. The general aim of the study was to characterize oribatid fauna established in the first stage of successional process - colonization phase - on new land surfaces, e.g. deglaciated areas and post-industrial dumps. Five microhabitats in the front of two outlets (Nigardsbreen and Austerdalbreen ) of the Jostedal Glacier (SW Norway) and four reclaimed and non-reclaimed post-industrial dumps (Southern Poland) were chosen to study an earliest successional stage. Moderately diverse oribatid fauna was developed on glacier forelands or post-industrial dumps within a few years. Pioneer oribatid communities were not initially similar, especially in species composition. The pool of oribatid species, which were capable of performing the role of colonists, was broad. Fifteen species were found as dominants on nine studied plots. Oppiella nova (Oudemans, 1902) and Lauroppia neerlandica (Oudemans, 1900) were associated with the glacier foreland at Nigardsbreen, whereas Oromurcia bicuspidata Thor 1930 and Trichoribates novus (Sellnick, 1928) were typical of the foreland at Austerdalbreen. Colonizer species appearing within the first years of colonization on the non-reclaimed and reclaimed dumps were also different. Small species of weak sclerotization, representatives of the family Brachychtoniidae (e. g. Sellnickochthonius immaculatus Forsslund, 1942 and Liochthonius piluliferus (Forsslund, 1942) dominated on the non-reclaimed dumps, whereas Ctenobelba obsoleta (C.L. Koch, 1841), Scheloribates laevigatus (C.L. Koch, 1836) and Scutovertex sculptus Michael, 1879, bigger species of strong sclerotization, were the most numerous on the reclaimed dumps. Only Tectocepheus velatus (Michael, 1880) occurred as a dominant at most sites. Parthenogenetic species as well as bisexual successfully invaded glacier foreland and post-industrial dumps. The phenomenon of random colonization in the pioneer stages is well proved on glacier forelands and dumps. However, the process is possibly non-random and depends on the characteristics of an individual species. Although oribatids are known as slow colonizers of new habitats, they were the most numerous group of mites at some sites on glacier forelands and on reclaimed dumps. It is well evidenced that the reclamation measures carried out on post-industrial dumps introduces an element of randomness in the succession of oribatid fauna.