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Analysis of Spatial-Temporal Variations of Surface Water Quality in the Southern Province of Vietnamese Mekong Delta Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Hong Tran Thi Kim, Viet Le Hoang, Giao Nguyen Thanh

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 7

1--9

EN

The study aimed to assess the variation in surface water quality in the Tien Giang province, Vietnam, and at the same time identify the main sources of water pollution. The surface water quality samples were collected at 34 locations (NM01-NM34) with 17 surface water quality indicators in March, June, September and November in canals and rivers in the Tien Giang province. Multivariate statistical analysis methods, including principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and numerical discriminant analysis (DA), were used to analyze the variability and key indicators affecting the effect of multivariate statistical analysis. The analysis results show that the surface water quality in the study area is contaminated with organic (low DO, high BOD and COD) and nutrients (NH4+-N, NO2--N, PO43--P and TP), salinity (high Cl-). The PCA results showed that 14/17 surface water environmental parameters to be monitored are pH, temperature, TSS, BOD, COD, NH4+-N, NO2--N, PO43--P, TP, SO42-, Cl-, coliform and Fe. The PCA analysis showed that PC1-PC4 accounted for 79.70% of the variation in surface water quality in the study area. Potential surface water polluting sources include hydrological regime, domestic waste, agricultural production, industrial production activities. The CA results showed that 34 monitoring locations can be reduced to 27 locations, with a frequency of 4 times/year to ensure surface water quality representativeness. The DA indicated that the indicators of EC, SO42- and Cl- made the difference of the surface water quality between the wet and dry seasons. The current results provide important information on the current state of water quality for different uses and contribute to the improvement of the surface water quality monitoring system in the Tien Giang province.

2

Anthropogenic Activities Impact on the Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of Water in Dayat Roumi Lake, Morocco

Ihsane Ougrad, Zahra Elassassi, Imad Allali, Mohammed Elbouch, Abdeslam Abid, Mohamed Fadli

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 4

162--172

EN

Dayat Roumi Lake, a vast body of permanent and shallow water in Morocco, is exposed to urban, tourist, and agricultural constraints. This human intervention can lead to microbial pollution of the lake ecosystem, hence the need to assess this contamination. For this reason, we undertook in this study an evaluation of the microbiological quality of the lake’s water. Thus, seasonal water samples were taken at eight selected stations, taking into account the reception sites of the tributaries and anthropic activities. The parameters determined were: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium, nitrates, orthophosphates, total phosphate, total coliforms, fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci. The results reveal: (1) A high water conductivity exceeding the admissible value recommended by the Moroccan standard; (2) A significant presence of coliforms and fecal streptococci, in dry periods, exceeding the standards set by the WHO, which could be attributed to a summer temperature favorable to the development of coliforms. This fecal contamination leads to an increased consumption of dissolved oxygen (high BOD and low DO values) explaining the fish mortality in this period of the year; (3) The principal component analysis identified the sources of water quality degradation as domestic sewage, agricultural run-off, domestic waste, and human and animal excreta; (4) The hierarchical analysis divided the sampling stations into three different clusters. The results of the microbiological quality index classified the waters from not to highly polluted. Station 4 was classified as the most polluted site. The results of the COD/BOD ratio showed a spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the biodegradability of the oxidizable matter present in the lake waters.

3

Integrated Assessment of Groundwater Pollution from the Landfill of Sewage Sludge

Dregulo Andrey Mikhailovich, Bobylev Nikolai Gennadievich

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 1

68--75

EN

The purpose of this study was to assess the groundwater contamination from a sewage sludge landfill. The analysis was carried out in 2017 in accordance with the requirements of the national legislation for monitoring landfills and priority pollutants. The samples of groundwater from the landfill were taken from 25 observation wells, from depths of 45–60 m. The status and dynamics of changes in the landfill groundwater quality were estimated according to the data from the groundwater observation wells of the city observation network with regard to the chemical composition of groundwater and national standards of groundwater quality. The forecast estimates of a low level of pollutants entering groundwater through the soils characterized by low filtration properties were not justified. The concentration of heavy metals in groundwater was within the following range: Fe > Mn > Zn > Al > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cd > Hg. The excess concentration of the nitrogen-containing pollutants was observed within the range from 1.5 to 76 (on average 10 times) above the background value. The organic contamination of landfill groundwater (COD) is 2–9 times and BOD5 – 1.5–3 times higher than the average background value of groundwater observation wells in the city network. The probable cause for the pollutants entry into groundwater is associated with lithogenous and exogenous fracturing of the rocks and insufficient efficiency of the existing anti-filtration system of the landfill.

4

Zdolność iłowo-cementowych spoiw hydraulicznych do akumulacji węglowodorów alifatycznych i aromatycznych

Stempkowska Agata

Cement Wapno Beton

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2020

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R. 25, nr 1

52--60

PL

Skażenie środowiska substancjami ropopochodnymi jest jednym z najważniejszych problemów ekologicznych. Przedostawanie się niedostatecznie oczyszczonych ścieków rafineryjno-petrochemicznych do gruntów, otwartych zbiorników wodnych czy ziemi uprawnej oraz awarie i wypadki z udziałem produktów naftowych mogą powodować poważne następstwa, wynikające z silnie toksycznego i kancerogennego charakteru tych substancji. W artykule przedstawiono możliwości zastosowania spoiw łowo-cementowych do ograniczenia migracji zanieczyszczeń pochodzenia organicznego z gruntów silnie zanieczyszczonych. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że w przypadku gruntów silnie skażonych – na przykład pochodzących ze składowiska odpadów w Glasgow, można znacznie ograniczyć penetrację węglowodorów aromatycznych i alifatycznych. Część węglowodorów alifatycznych, która przedostawała się do roztworów penetrujących w trakcie pomiarów, nie przekraczała ilości regulowanych normą.

EN

Environmental pollution by oil derivatives is one of the most important ecological problems. The penetration of insufficiently treated refinery-petrochemical wastewater into lands, open water reservoirs, arable lands, as well as failures and accidents involving petroleum products, can cause serious consequences resulting from the highly toxic and carcinogenic nature of these substances. The article presents the possibilities of clay and cement binders application to reduce the migration of organic pollutants from heavily contaminated soils. The conducted research showed that in the case of heavily contaminated soils (e.g. from the Glasgow waste landfill) the penetration of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons can be significantly reduced. The part of aliphatic hydrocarbons, that migrated into the penetrating solutions during whole measurements time, did not exceed the standard requirements.

5

Microphytobenthos as an indicator of water quality and organic pollution in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov

Barinova Sophia, Bondarenko Anna, Ryabushko Larisa, Kapranov Sergey

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2019

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Vol. 48, No. 2

125--139

EN

Bioindication of organic pollution and seawater quality was carried out for the first time in the western part of the Sea of Azov on the basis of species composition and quantitative characteristics of microphytobenthos. A total of 229 algal samples were collected at 17 sites over the period of 2005-2014 on three different substrates in three areas under study: Sivash Gulf, the Kerch Strait and Cape Kazantip. In total, 200 taxa of algae were found, which belong to six taxonomic divisions with a predominance of diatoms. Among those, 108 taxa are indicators of substrate, water temperature, salinity, water pH, trophic state, the type of nutrition and organic pollution of water. It has been shown that the most active self-purification of water takes place in communities on stony substrates. The largest number of algae species (50%) occurs in the cleanest waters of the Kazantip Nature Reserve (Water Quality Classes I–II). The species composition of organic pollution indicators in Sivash Gulf corresponds to waters of Classes III–IV, which are more polluted than those of the Kerch Strait and Cape Kazantip. All the studied areas of the Sea of Azov are cleaner compared to some waters of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Sea of Japan.

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The Assessment of the Surface Water Quality Using the Water Pollution Index: A Case Study of the Timok River (The Danube River Basin), Serbia

Brankov J., Milijašević D., Milanović A.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2012

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Vol. 38, no. 1

49-61

EN

The Timok River (202 km long, 4547 km2 basin area) is located in East Serbia. It is a right tributary of the Danube River and one of the most polluted watercourses in Serbia. On the basis of the data provided by the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, the paper presents an analysis of water quality and pollution using the combined physico-chemical WPI index (Water Pollution Index) calculated for two periods - 1993-96 and 2006-2009 at four hydrological stations: Zaječar-Gamzigrad (Crni Timok River), Zaječar (Beli Timok River), Rgotina (Borska Reka River) and Čokonjar (Timok River). The following parameters were taken into consideration: dissolved O2, O2 saturation, pH, suspended sediments, Five Day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODMn), nitrites, nitrates, orthophosphates, ammonium, metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Hg, Ni, Zn, Cd), sulphates and coliform germs. The average WPI values were calculated for the observed periods based on the comparison of the annual average values of the listed parameters and defined standard values for the I water quality class (according to the Regulation on the Hygienic Acceptability of Potable Water of the Republic of Serbia). The highest pollution degree was recorded in the Borska Reka River, where heavy metal levels (especially manganese and iron) were significantly increased. These metals are indicators of inorganic pollution (primarily caused by copper mining). Also, increased values of the organic pollution indicators (ammonium, coliform germs, Five-Day Biological Oxygen Demand - BOD5) in the Borska Reka and the Timok rivers are the result of uncontrolled domestic wastewater discharge.

7

Water quality study of the Condor and Capivara Streams, Porto Alegre Municipal District, RS, Brazil, using epilithic diatom biocenoses as bioindicators

Lobo E.A., Callegaro V. L. M., Wetzel C.E., Hermany G., Bes D.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2004

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Vol. 33, No. 2

77--93

EN

The aim of this work was to evaluate the water quality of two urban streams, Condor and Capivara, in the Municipal District of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, by measuring physical, chemical and biological variables. Between May 1999 and August 2000, six field trips were taken to sample five sites distributed along the streams. Multivariate canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was applied for the complete evaluation of physical, chemical and biological data. It was confirmed that phosphate had the largest impact on ordination and exhibited an evident eutrophication gradient. Mayamaea atomus, Amphora montana, Sellaphora pupula and Cyclotella meneghiniana were extremely abundant under such conditions.