Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Intensity of organic matter decomposition in various landscapes of Caucasus (Daghestan)

Fischer Zofia, Niewinna Magdalena, Yasulbutaeva Irina

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2006

|

Vol. 54, nr 1

105-116

EN

Decomposition process in the soil of desert, steppe and mountain landscapes was studied in the region of Caucasus (Daghestan). The study sites differed mainly in average temperature and humidity being generally extremely dry with soil poor in organic matter. Two methods - bags with grass and cellulose filter paper discs were used. No dependence was found between the rate of decomposition of introduced organic matter and organic nitrogen content, and C:N ratio in soil, but strong dependence was found with temperature and humidity conditions. The measured rate of organic matter decomposition in soil of desert, steppe, and mountain sites indicated that the level of decomposition activity of these soils is high. In summer it is lowest in steppe (1.97 mg [x] g^-1 [x] 24 h^-1), whereas the highest in mountains (5.68 mg [x] g^-1 [x] 24 h^-1). The annual average rate of decomposition of cellulose discs and hay in mountain site was almost two times higher than in steppe site and nearly three times higher than in desert site. Mainly climatic conditions i.e. long-lasting drought (almost all the year) in desert as well as in steppe (January to August) are responsible for this difference.

2

Enzymatic activity and degradation of organic macromolecules by neustonic and planktonic bacteria in an estuarine lake

Mudryk Zbigniew Jan, Skórczewski Piotr

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2006

|

Vol. 54, nr 1

3-14

EN

Neustonic (film layer -90 [mi]m, surface layer - 240 [mi]m) and planktonic bacteria (subsurface layer - 10-15 cm) participating in the processes of decomposition of organic macromolecular compounds, and their potential capability to synthesise extracellular enzymes were studied in a shallow estuarine lake (Lake Gardno - Baltic coast). The studied bacteria were capable of decomposing a wide spectrum of organic macromolecular compounds. Most bacteria inhabiting surface and subsurface water layers hydrolysed lipids, proteins and DNA. The microflora hydrolysing cellulose was represented by the least abundant group of organisms. Of the studied enzymes, alkaline and acid phosphatases, leucine arylaminase, esterase, and esterase lipase were synthesised most actively while [Beta]-glucouronidase ([Beta]Gl) and a-fucosidase ([alfa]Fu) were synthesized least actively. It can be clearly seen that enzymatic activity was stratified, and there were differences between studied water layers. Bacterial strains isolated from surface and subsurface layers were more active in synthesizing extracellular enzymes than bacteria inhabiting the film layer. Bacteria isolated from various parts of Lake Gardno synthesized the tested hydrolytic enzymes with a similar intensity.

3

Tempo dekompozycji liści jako wskaźnik narastającego zagrożenia ekologicznego

Krawczyk M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Politechnika Opolska

|

2002

|

Vol. 274, z. 3

5-18

PL

W pracy opisano zjawisko dekompozycji materii organicznej warunkującej prawidłowe funkcjonowanie ekosystemów. Tempo rozkładu materii uwarunkowane jest wieloma czynnikami naturalnymi (typ i pH gleby, obecność flory i fauny glebowej, klimat, chemizm podłoża) i antropogenicznymi (zanieczyszczenia przemysłowe: metale ciężkie, kwaśne deszcze, pestycydy). W warunkach znacznego skażenia środowiska dochodzi do zahamowania tempa rozkładu i zaburzeń w funkcjonowaniu ekosystemów.

EN

Decomposition of dead organic matter is one of the most important links of matter cycling in ecosystems and a condition of proper development of biocenoses. The rate of organic matter decomposition depends on various natural (bedrock, soil type, water content of the site, soil flora and fauna composition, meteorological conditions) and antropogenic factors (industrial pollution). Chemical composition of litter is also quite differentiated. The general diagram of decomposition sequence of particular chemical compounds in the litter is known (sugars, steroid esters, triglycerides, lignins). Litter bags, paper filters (lignine, fibre) are used as indicators of organic matter decomposition rate in litter, soil and water.