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Graphene on quartz modified with rhenium oxide as a semitransparent electrode for organic electronics

Krukowski Paweł, Piskorski Michał, Udovytska Ruslana, Kowalczyk Dorota A., Lutsyk Iaroslav, Rogala Maciej, Dąbrowski Paweł, Kozłowski Witold, Łuszczyńska Beata, Jung Jarosław, Ulański Jacek, Matuszek Krzysztof, Nadolska Aleksandra, Przybysz Przemysław, Ryś Wojciech, Toczek Klaudia, Dunal Rafał, Krempiński Patryk, Czerwińska Justyna, Ster Maxime Le, Skulimowski Marcin, Kowalczyk Paweł J.

Opto-Electronics Review

2022

Vol. 30, No. 4

art. no. e141953

The presented research shows that commercially available graphene on quartz modified with rhenium oxide meets the requirements for its use as a conductive and transparent anode in optoelectronic devices. The cluster growth of rhenium oxide enables an increase in the work function of graphene by 1.3 eV up to 5.2 eV, which guarantees an appropriate adjustment to the energy levels of organic semiconductors used in organic light-emitting diode devices.

Design of external microtextures for efficient light outcoupling in OLEDs with different preferential orientation of emission dipoles

Kovačič Milan

Opto-Electronics Review

2022

Vol. 30, No. 2

art. no. e141542

External light outcoupling structures provide a cost-effective and highly efficient solution for light extraction in organic light-emitting diodes. Among them, different microtextures, mainly optimized for devices with isotopically oriented emission dipoles, have been proposed as an efficient light extraction solution. In the paper, the outcoupling for a preferential orientation of emission dipoles is studied for the case of a red bottom-emitting organic light-emitting diode. Optical simulations are used to analyse the preferential orientation of dipoles in combination with three different textures, namely hexagonal array of sine-textures, three-sided pyramids, and random pyramids. It is shown that while there are minimal differences between the optimized textures, the highest external quantum efficiency of 51% is predicted by using the three-sided pyramid texture. Further improvements, by employing highly oriented dipole sources, are examined. In this case, the results show that the top outcoupling efficiencies can be achieved with the same texture shape and size, regardless of the preferred orientation of the emission dipoles. Using an optimized three-sided pyramid in combination with ideally parallel oriented dipoles, an efficiency of 62% is achievable. A detailed analysis of the optical situation inside the glass substrate, dominating external light outcoupling, is presented. Depicted results and their analysis offer a simplified further research and development of external light extraction for organic light-emitting devices with highly oriented dipole emission sources.

Wpływ materiału elektrod na właściwości struktur OLED

Lipiec K., Kozioł G., Gromek J.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

2013

Vol. 54, nr 4

133-135

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące wpływu materiałów z których wytwarzano elektrody diod OLED na własności organicznych OLED. Jako anodę stosowano warstwę tlenku indowo-cynowego. Dla części diod na anodę naparowano przez metalowy szablon warstwy Al lub Ag o grubości 100 nm w celu zwiększenia równomierności przepływu prądu w strukturach OLED. Jako katodę stosowano warstwę Al, Ag lub stopu Galn. Wykonywano pomiary rezystancji powierzchni próbek, charakterystyki prądowo-napięciowe struktur diod OLED w zakresie napięcia 0-20 V oraz rejestrowano zachowanie próbek OLED z warstwą metaliczną na anodzie przy użyciu kamery termowizyjnej.

This paper presents the results of research on the impact of the electrodes materials on the properties of OLEDs. An extremely thin layer of indium-tin oxide (ITO) was used as the anode layer. A metal vapor-deposited Al layer or Ag with a thickness of 100 nm was also added on the anode in the aim of increasing the current uniformity flow in the OLED structures. The layer of Al, Ag or alloy Galn was used as the cathode. There was measured the surface resistance of the samples, current-voltage characteristics of OLED structures in the voltage range 0-20 V and recorded the behavior of OLED samples with metal layer on the anode using a thermal imaging camera.