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Ray tracing method in a 3D analysis of fiber-optic elements

Witkowski J.S., Grobelny A.

Optica Applicata

2008

Vol. 38, nr 2

281-294

In this paper, a numerical analysis of algorithm of optical fiber systems with dimensions much larger than light wavelength has been presented. This algorithm can be used especially in the case of multimode fiber-optic elements. The presented technique of the analysis is based on the ray tracing method (RTM). Up to now, the RTM was widely used for an analysis of lens-systems. In this paper, a new possibility for this method in fiber optic elements analysis has been shown. The algorithm permits to determine thousands of ray traces simultaneously in a desired 3D area of an arbitrarily defined refractive index. This technique can be applied for a gradient index (GI), step index (SI) fibers, different types of optical couplers, etc. The algorithm has been extended to analyze dispersion properties and pulse shape evolution tracking along a fiber-optic system.

Zastosowanie laserów półprzewodnikowych w systemach telekomunikacji multimedialnej

Korzec Z., Kacprzak T.

Elektronika : prace naukowe

2001

nr 6

31-49

Stały wzrost zapotrzebowania na przekazywanie informacji na dowolne odległości, w krótkim czasie, wymusza powstawanie nowych technik ich przetwarzania, wysyłania i odbioru. W ostatnich latach wykorzystanie najnowszych osiągnięć w dziedzinie technologii laserów półprzewodnikowych, w powiązaniu z liniami światłowodowymi i nowymi metodami zwielokrotniania w dziedzinie długości fal, pozwoliło na przenoszenie informacji w liniach światłowodowych zarówno na małe, średnie, jak i duże odległości z niemożliwą do zrealizowania w innych systemach prędkością - rzędu terabitów na sekundę. W artykule omówiony został rozwój laserów półprzewodnikowych i przedstawione zostały ich najnowsze rozwiązania technologiczne.

Recently optical networks are growing at unprecedented rates to satisfy the urgent demands in data traffic, and an associated tremendous bandwidth request made by users, brought on by new telecommunication and multimedia services. Photonics, the technology of using particles of light as information carriers, takes the first place in the telecommunication systems because of the advantage of optical fiber over coper cable for data communication. Optical fibers are capable of carrying data at rates exceeding terabits per second at distances even of thousands of kilometers. Initially, as the main light source light emitty diode was mainly used. But now, as data rates increased, communication system make special demands on optical sources. The light source for optical data transmission must be small, efficient, capable of high speed modulation and must have controllable pattern of emissions in the optimum wavelength windows for silica fiber or in shorter-wavelength ranges for free-space interconnections. These requests can be fulfilled only by semiconductor injection laser. Nowadays this device can be manufactured inexpensively in large volumes and can easily interface with other circuitry, preferably silicon based. It can be diced either individually or in arrays that are easily coupled to optical fibers. This paper reviews recent progress in semiconductor lasers technology with emphasis on their application in optical telecommunication systems. Semiconductor injection lasers were first developed in 1962, but it was not until 1970 that a potentially practical device was demonstrated. The key moment in their development was the invention of the double heterostructure (DH- laser). The most important advantage of the DH laser is that it concentrates carriers in a very small region, thus a carrier density high enough to support laser oscillation can be achieved with a relatively low drive current. The next very important step is development of distributed-feedback laser and vertical-cavity, surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). These low-cost, nearly ideal sources are changing the attitudes tower modern optical communications.