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Eﬀects of variable viscosity on natural convection ﬂow of an optically thick gray gas past a horizontal surface in the presence of internal heat generation

Kannan T., Malleswaran A., Moorthy M. B. K.

Transactions of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery

2018

nr 139

3--22

A numerical investigation to discuss the eﬀects of radiation and variable viscosity on heat and mass transfer characteristics of natural convection over a horizontal surface embedded in a saturated porous medium in the presence of internal heat generation is carried out in this study. The working ﬂuid for the investigation is optically thick gray gas. The Dufour and Soret eﬀects are also taken into account. Similarity transformations are employed to obtain nonlinear ordinary diﬀerential equations from the governing equations of the present problem. The numerical results for the transformed governing equations are computed by using commercial boundary value problem solver for ordinary diﬀerential equations. The eﬀects are discussed by varying the parameters such as radiation, Dufour and Soret numbers, buoyancy ratio, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, and variable viscosity. Presence of internal heat generation enhances the velocity proﬁle and signiﬁcantly decreases the concentration boundary layer thickness. On increasing ﬂuid radiation, the temperature of the ﬂuid is higher than that of the surface and the concentration boundary layer thickness decreases away from the surface.

Problems of opposite flow of people during evacuation from passenger ships

Łozowicka D.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie

2010

nr 20 (92)

82-86

This article analyzes the problem of opposite flow that may occur during the evacuation of people from passenger ships. The causes of evacuation opposite flow and methods of its investigation are given. Besides, the methods of taking account of opposite flow in evacuation models are analyzed. It is proposed to search for the critical value of density depending on the number of persons moving in the opposite direction.

Artykuł porusza zagadnienie ruchu przeciwbieżnego, który może wystąpić podczas ewakuacji ludzi ze statków pasażerskich. Podane są przyczyny i metody szacowania wpływu ruchu przeciwbieżnego na przebieg ewakuacji oraz sposoby uwzględniania tego ruchu w modelach ewakuacji. Przedstawione są teoretyczne założenia do metody poszukiwania krytycznej wartości zagęszczenia osób poruszających się w przeciwnych kierunkach.