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Operator maszyn i urządzeń w Przemyśle 4.0 — wprowadzenie do tematu

Gajdzik Bożena

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2021

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nr 5

2--7

PL

W artykule przedstawiono obraz operatora maszyn i urządzeń w kontekście rozwoju przemysłowych systemów cyberfizycznych i adaptacyjnej automatyzacji w przedsiębiorstwach produkcyjnych. Rozwój technologii sprawia, że pojawiają się nowe wyzwania wobec operatorów maszyn i urządzeń. Lansowana od dekady koncepcja Przemysłu 4.0 kształtuje nowe środowisko pracy operatorów obsługujących maszyny i urządzenia. Przemysł 4.0 jest pojęciem używanym do opisu technologii w czwartej rewolucji przemysłowej. Zastosowanie do sterowania produkcją nowoczesnych technologii informatycznych i komunikacyjnych, wspartych pełną automatyzacją i robotyzacją czynności, Internetem Rzeczy i przetwarzaniem danych w chmurze, zmienia dotychczasowe sposoby obsługi maszyn i urządzeń. W literaturze przedmiotu toczą się dyskusje wokół roli operatorów maszyn i urządzeń w nowoczesnych fabrykach. Wtórne źródła informacji były podstawą do nakreślenia ogólnych (ramowych) warunków pracy i cech operatora maszyn i urządzeń w Przemyśle 4.0. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wprowadzenie do szerokiej tematyki zagadnień o roli operatorów maszyn i urządzeń w cyberfizycznych systemach produkcji.

EN

This paper presents an image of the machine and equipment operator in the context of the development of industrial cyberphysical systems and adaptive automation in manufacturing companies. The development of technology makes new challenges for machine and equipment operators. The concept of Industry 4.0, which has been lashed for a decade, is shaping a new work environment for operators who operate machinery and equipment. Industry 4.0 is the term used for technological advances in the fourth industrial revolution. Advanced information and communication technologies, supported by full automation and robotization, the Internet of Things and cloud computing to control production, are changing the existing ways of operating machinery and equipment. There are discussions in the literature around the role of machine and equipment operators in modern factories. Secondary sources of information was the basis for outlining the general (framework) conditions of work and profile of the operator of machinery and equipment in Industry 4.0. The aim of this paper is an introduction to the broad topic of issues about the role of the operators of machinery and equipment in cyber-physical systems of production.

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Synergy Between Visual and Auditory Signals and Its Influence on the Follow-Up Regulation Quality

Słowikowski J., Dźwiarek M., Konarska M.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2006

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Vol. 12, No. 4

369--377

EN

The study aimed at verifying a hypothesis that supporting a visual signal of regulation deviation with an auditory one could improve the quality of regulation; the operator would have better information on machine operation. A special simulator was applied to follow-up tracking with a manual lever which controlled vertical movements of a cursor on a monitor screen. Simultaneously with visual information on screen, the operator was provided with an auditory deviation signal of pre-determined characteristics. 33 young males underwent the test. It was found that supporting a visual signal with an auditory one resulted in an improvement in the regulation quality by 5–6%, which proved synergy between those signals. The results may be used in designing tele- and servo-mechanisms, especially for remote control machinery, e.g., inspection robots or micromanipulators controlled by operators in a follow-up system.

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Proposal for an Indexical Method of Evaluating Risk of Hand Tool Operators’ Exposure to Mechanical Vibrations

Engel Z., Kowalski P., Zawieska W. M.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2002

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Vol. 8, No. 2

183--194

EN

The article presents proposals for an indexical evaluation of exposure of hand tool operators to vibrations. The presented indices have been developed on the basis of the results of laboratory tests. The examinations studied the effect of pressure force and grip force exerted by an operator on a hand tool as well as the amplitudes and frequencies of an exciting signal on vibrations transmitted in the hand-tool handle system.

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Fundamentals of the Model Behind the COSMOS Methodology Used for Team Assessment in Simulator Training

Izso L.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2001

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Vol. 7, No. 2

163--178

EN

Team working is the basic way of working in the control rooms of hazardous technologies and therefore its quality is a safety-relevant issue. In addition to the technological competence it is also crucial for the crews to have the necessary communicational skills. During simulator training these skills can only be improved if the simulator use is embedded in an appropriate setting. To support this skill acquisition a computer-supported methodology called COSMOS (COmputer Supported Method for Operators’ Self-assessment) has been developed. With its help more effective communication and more complete shared mental models can be fostered. This paper is a report on the psychological fundamentals and the mathematical model of the COSMOS methodology.