Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Cybersecurity Guidelines for the Employees of the Railway Entities

Pawlik Marek

Problemy Kolejnictwa

|

2021

|

Z. 191

95--97

EN

European Commission has published a nearly 50-page-long document on cybersecurity in transport called the Transport cybersecurity toolkit. As part of the work of ISAC-Kolej (the Information Sharing and Analysis Center for the railway transport sub-sector), guidelines in terms of cybersecurity for the employees of the railway entities have been developed and adopted. This article briefly discusses the European and Polish activities taken in order to protect railway transport against cyberthreats and shares the guidelines for employees adopted by ISAC-Kolej. Considering the increasingly widespread use of digital solutions, both for supporting operations of the business entities that constitute the railway system and for railway traffic management and supervision, these guidelines should be disseminated to the maximum possible extent among railway employees that use computers in their work.

2

Meteorological and agricultural drought indices used in drought monitoring in Poland: a review

Łabędzki L., Bąk B.

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

|

2014

|

Vol. 2, Iss. 2

3--13

EN

In the article, a brief review is presented of the definition of meteorological and agricultural droughts, drought indices and the operational systems of monitoring droughts in Poland. Drought is a widespread and frequent disaster which occurs more often within humid climate zones. Meteorological drought is the result of deficiencies in precipitation. Agricultural drought is an effect of various characteristics of meteorological and hydrological drought in agriculture comprising the reduction of evapotranspiration, soil water deficits, and reduced crop yield. Drought indicators are the common measures for drought assessment. The paper contains an inventory of drought measures (indicators) that are applied to evaluate meteorological and agricultural drought in Poland. For meteorological drought monitoring and the assessment of its intensity, four different indices have been used in Poland: relative precipitation index (RPI), effective drought index (EDI), standardised precipitation index (SPI) and climatic water balance (CWB). Agricultural drought is monitored by soil moisture index (SMI), agricultural drought index (CDI) and the potential reduction of final yield (yield reduction ratio YR). The working drought monitoring systems give information for the whole country or for a specific region but they are directed to some specific drought analyses. Four different drought monitoring systems have been under operation in Poland since 2005. The Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW) conducts the system called “POSUCH@”. The Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation conducts the agricultural drought monitoring system. The Institute of Technology and Life Sciences (ITP) has developed two systems: the regional drought monitoring system in the Kujawy region and the nationwide system of monitoring and forecasting water deficit and surplus in agriculture.

3

Technical and economic effects of the implementation of the operational system for establishing start-up loses and costs of 360 MW units in Opole Power Plant Joint Stock Company

Budrewicz B., Gasiński I., Majchrzak H., Micker A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Politechnika Opolska

|

2003

|

Vol. 291, z. 4

443-451

EN

An analysis of the start-up losses that are a considerable cost in power generation becomes significant on the developing in Poland electric power market. An energetic audit of start-up losses is also an important issue due to a socially and economically justified need of environmental protection and of saving own primary energy resources. On the basis of the universal method developed in Opole Power Plant Joint Stock Company, the first in the Polish power industry operational system of this type for an online calculation of energy losses and start-up costs for 360 MW units was implemented in the year 2000.

PL

Analiza strat rozruchowych stanowiących istotną pozycję kosztów wytwarzania energii elektrycznej nabiera znaczenia wobec rozwijającego się w Polsce rynku energii elektrycznej. Audyt energetyczny strat rozruchowych jest również zagadnieniem istotnym ze względu na społecznie i ekonomicznie uzasadnioną potrzebę ochrony środowiska oraz oszczędzania posiadanych zasobów energii pierwotnej. Na podstawie opracowanej w Elektrowni Opole SA uniwersalnej metody obliczania strat energii i kosztów rozruchowych wdrożono w 2000 roku dla bloków 360 MW pierwszy tego typu w krajowej energetyce eksploatacyjny system do bieżącego ich wyznaczania.

4

Niezawodność transportowych systemów działania.

Grabski F., Jaźwiński J.

Zagadnienia Eksploatacji Maszyn

|

2003

|

Vol. 38, nr 2

7-20

PL

W czasie realizacji zadania transportowego techniczny środek transportu przebywa w różnych stanach intencjonalnych (to znaczy stan, występowanie którego w zadaniu transportowym jest zgodne z intencją decydenta). Przykładowo statek powietrzny może przebywać w następujących stanach intencjonalnych (fazach lotu): 1 - rozbieg, 2 - oderwanie, 3 - rozpędzenie, 4 - wznoszenie, 5 - przelot (np. realizacja zadania szkoleniowego), 6 - zniżenie, 7 - wyrównywanie, 8 - wstrzymanie, 9 - przyziemienie, 10 - dobieg. Do opisu zadania transportowego może być wykorzystana strukturalna teoria działania. W ogólnym przypadku system działania opisany jest następującymi parametrami: n - liczba działań elementarnych w systemie działania; m - liczba działań elementarnych realizowanych jednocześnie; k - liczba działań elementarnych, które muszą być wykonane, aby działanie jako całość zostało wykonane. W pracy rozważane będą zadania transportowe realizowane posobnie, to znaczy według systemu działania S{n, m, k I n=k, m=1}. W pracy do opisu zadania transportowego wykorzystany jest proces półmarkowski. Przyporządkowana do zadania transportowego struktura działania często nazywana jest programem intencjonalnym. W pracy rozpatrywany jest niecykliczny (jednorazowo wykonywany) i cykliczny (realizowany wielokrotnie) program intencjonalny. Ogólna metoda została zilustrowana uproszczonymi przykładami (dwustanowy program intencjonalny). W przykładach jako model matematyczny rozkładu czasu przebywania w stanie intencjonalnym wykorzystano rozkład wykładniczy.

EN

While realizing transport task a technical means of transport is in various intentional states. The state means its occurrence in the transport task is in accordance with the decision maker intension. For example an aircraft can stay in the following intentional states (flight phases): 1 - take of run, 2 - lift off, 3 - run up the engine, 4 - climbing, 5 - flight (for example realization of the training task), 6 - descent, 7 - leveling out, 8 - floating, 9 - touch down, 10 - landing run. Structural theory of operation may be used to describe the transport task. In a general case the system of operation is described with the following parameters: n - number of elementary operations in the system of operation, m - number of elementary operations being realized simultaneously, k - number of elementary operations that have to be done in order that the operation has been performed as a whole. In the paper transport tasks realized in series that means in accordance with the operation system S{n, m, k I n=k, m=1} will be considered. Semi-Markov process has been used to describe the transport task. The structure of operation assigned to the transport task is often named an intentional program. In the paper a non-cyclic (performed only once) and cyclic (realized repeatedly) intentional programs have been considered. The general method has been illustrated with simplified examples (two-state intentional program). In examples presented in this paper an exponential distribution has been used as a mathematical mode of time distribution of staying in an intentional state.

5

Klotoida

Mitura J

Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny

|

2001

|

nr 3

66--67

6

Łuk kołowy

Mitura J.

Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny

|

2000

|

nr 11

67--68

7

Diagnostyka w systemach działania.

Niziński S.

Zagadnienia Eksploatacji Maszyn

|

1998

|

Vol. 33, nr 1

97-113

EN

The fundamental tasks of modern technological diagnostics are considered in the paper. Defined are systems: diagnostic, operational and logistic with mutual relations presented. It has been stated that diagnostic subsystem does make that operational and conswquently logistic systems acquire dynamic character and their operation in the aspect of technological facilities control is integrated, what is the base for efficient and economic functioning of any operation system. In this papaer are presented developed feedback networks between a/m systems, with particular regard on technological facilities control problems.