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Operational evaluation of atomization indicators for gasoline with admixtures of ethanol and butanol during Keep-Clean tests

Pielecha Ireneusz, Stępień Zbigniew

Archives of Transport

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2022

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Vol. 62, iss. 2

123--137

EN

The global policy of reducing road transport sector pollution requires the introduction of significantly modified already in use technologies and construction solutions. Currently, direct fuel injection technology is the best solution in terms of reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of standard pollutants into the atmosphere, as well as further improving the engine performance. In terms of exhaust emissions, direct injection spark ignition engines are characterized by significantly higher exhaust emissions of particulate matter (approximately 10 times higher) compared to indirect fuel injection SI engines, they show a greater tendency to knocking combustion and are prone to the formation of harmful deposits on engine parts, including in the fuel injectors. The injector tips located in the combustion chamber are exposed to the direct influence of the very high pressure and temperature caused by the combusting fuel-air mixture, which contributes to the rapid formation of harmful deposits. Operation-based injectors contamination in spark ignition engines results in a reduction of the cross-sectional flow diameter of the injector, which then necessitates the extension of the injection time in order to maintain the fuel dose and the expected engine operating parameters. The tests were carried out on an engine dynamometer and an optical test stand for fuel atomization process. The presented research analyzes indicate the possibility of using admixtures that effectively reduce the likelihood of contamination. The paper presents a results analysis of engine tests performed in accordance with the CEC F-113-KC procedure. Additionally, the injectors were tested to conduct an analysis of the injected fuel stream’s geometric indicators. The range, surface area and speed of the injected fuel stream as well as the fuel distribution in the stream were determined based on an equivalent indicator. The obtained results indicated that ethanol and butanol admixtures of 10% (V/V) to gasoline did not significantly extend the fuel injection time as compared to the reference fuel. A further increase in the proportion of ethanol caused a significant deterioration of the fuel flow and the geometric indicators of the fuel spray.

2

Eksploatacyjna ocena awaryjności przewodów zasilających budynki w wodę

Kwietniewski M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

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2012

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z. 59, nr 3/III

347-352

PL

Obecnie sieci wodociągowe buduje się głównie z tworzyw sztucznych (PE, PVC), a przyłącza z PE. Jednakże w strukturze wodociągów nadal dominują tradycyjne materiały, w sieciach zewnętrznych stal i żeliwo szare, zaś w przyłączach stal. Dane do oceny awaryjności sieci wodociągowych i przyłączy uzyskano na podstawie badań eksploatacyjnych niezawodności. Zastosowano jednoparametryczną metodę oceny niezawodności/zawodności przewodów wodociągowych z wykorzystaniem jednostkowej intensywności uszkodzeń. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że awaryjność przyłączy jest średnio ok. 2,5 razy wyższa niż sieci wodociągowych.

EN

It was found that the majority of Polish water infrastructure is at present constructed from artificial materials (PE, PVC). Service connections are constructed from PE. But most part of networks are made from old materials (steel, cast iron) and service connections from steel. Basic data for unreliability assessment of water networks and service connections comes from reliability field tests. One-parameter method of reliability assessment has been applied. Unit intensity failures [failures/km year] was used for pipeline reliability/unreliability assessment. According to the present reliability test results unreliability of service connections is ca. 2,5 times higher than unreliability of the water networks.

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The posibilities of bus sets using

Hlivjaková R., Liščák S.

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2006

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nr 4

79-81

EN

In transport, as well as in other areas of our life, there are still used knowledge or experience proved in the past. Of course, these are modernized with progressing development as it is in the field of mass passenger transport and related bus trailers. At present, when the economic situation in mass passenger transport puts pressure on us to minimize the costs as much as possible, especially operation costs. This article present the operation evaluation of the transport system. with using the trailer vehicles.