Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Autonomy of urban light rail transport systems and its influence on users, expenditures, and operational costs

Kostrzewski Mariusz, Eliwa Ahmed, Dawood Ahmed

Transport Problems

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2022

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T. 17, z. 4

165--175

EN

The aim of this paper is to study and highlight various effects of automizing urban light rail transport systems by examining the impact of such structures on common users, as well as the expenditures and operational costs involved. By providing an overview of different transportation networks through the three categories of expenditure— transportation, maintenance, and administration—an idea of the general operational cost can be established. Additionally, by indicating the aforementioned cost, the effect of the grade of automation on costs can be determined and explained. However, this paper does not include an attempt to estimate these costs; it only states what may affect such costs. Furthermore, the factor of safety is considered by underlining the changes expected to occur with the implementation of such networks. The implementation of autonomous rail systems would result in lower operational costs, which is discussed in this paper based on another study. At the same time, the factor of safety was also observed as simultaneously increasing, as were the overall experiences of users, both in terms of aesthetics and function. The only setback found by the research is that some users would be reluctant to use a network without an operator.

2

Problemy dotyczące ustalania kosztów eksploatacji dróg

Ołdakowska E.

Materiały Budowlane

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2018

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nr 3

34--35

PL

Potrzeby finansowe związane z przedsięwzięciami drogowymi w Polsce znacznie przewyższają środki przeznaczane na te cele. Niewystarczający budżet to istotny czynnik wpływający na konieczność przygotowania niezbędnych analiz kosztowych i ekonomicznych. W artykule zaprezentowano podstawowe problemy związane z ustalaniem kosztów utrzymania, remontów i przebudów dróg samochodowych przede wszystkim dotyczących dysproporcji w finansowaniu dróg i różnic wynikających z technologii wykonania nawierzchni.

EN

The financial demand in range of road projects in Poland significantly exceed the resources for such goals. The insufficient budget is an important factor influencing the necessity of preparing the necessary cost and economic analyses. The article presents the basic dilemmas connected with determination of costs of maintenance, repairs, and reconstruction of motor roads. Among the main problems there are disproportions in financing the roads and differences resulting from the pavement realization technologies.

3

Voyage optimization for a Very Large Crude Carrier oil tanker: a regional voyage case study

Safaei A., Ghassemi H., Ghiasi M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2015

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nr 44 (116)

83--89

EN

In line with the ambition of ship-owners to preserve capital and reduce operational costs, the selection of an optimum, safe and secure route for an envisaged voyage has always been a challenge for ship-owners, masters, and engineers. Due to the many complexities and parameters that affect the selection of an optimal route, the topic has become very interesting to many researchers. Each of the parameters affecting the process of route selection has its own values and weights, and these values change depending on specific situations and objectives. This sensitivity to context increases the difficulty selecting the optimum route. In this research, the optimization of a tanker-sized VLCC voyage for predefined and different routes is addressed in order to identify the optimum route. To reduce the number of variable parameters, major values have been assigned to the ship profile and sea conditions. The time domain analysis and the solution of equations of motion are then performed. The proposed route is designed by using a Bezier curve, and this route is then optimized with the objective of decreasing fuel consumption using the Fletcher-Powell method. The resulting optimized route shows a 3.7% savings in fuel consumption.

4

Heat pump installation and greenhouse effect

Rabczak S.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

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2012

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z. 59, nr 4

119--129

EN

Proposal of heat pump installations for small cubic buildings have been presented. Main goal of heat pump is produce energy necessary for heating, ventilation and hot water. Influence of heat pump installation on greenhouse gases emission to the atmosphere during its properly operation has been discussed. Obtained value of greenhouse gases emission were recalculated to equivalent CO2 emission and compared to analogical emission from the same building without heat pump installation.

PL

W pracy zaprezentowano instalację pompy ciepła dla budynków o małych kubaturach. Głównym celem pompy ciepła jest produkcja energii niezbędnej do systemów centralnego ogrzewania, wentylacji i przygotowania ciepłej wody. Dyskusji poddano wpływ pompy ciepła na emisję gazów cieplarnianych do atmosfery podczas prawidłowej pracy instalacji. Uzyskane wyniki emisji tych gazów zostały przeliczone na równoważną wartość emisji CO2 i porównane z instalacjami tego samego typu budynku, lecz bez instalacji pompy ciepła.

5

Queuing system with variable server number

Młyńczak M.

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2007

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nr 4

63-65

EN

Description of main characteristics of Mass Maintenance Systems is given. Problems of queuing system effectiveness due to loss of time for both arrivals while waiting for service and for servers waiting for arrivals are discussed. System with changeable number of servers is proposed. Calculations are made in order to find out what is influence of main queuing system parameters on the total operational cost regarding time losses. It is shown that decision about system structure depends mainly on system service index and server initial cost.