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Wyższy Kurs Taktyczno-Operacyjny : próba podsumowania

Więcek W.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

2015

nr 1(98)

157-165

In June 2014 the last edition of six-month long Wyższy Kurs Taktyczno-Operacyjny (WKTO) was finished. Due to the fact that last four years this course has been an essential form of education for officers aspiring to the rank of major it is worth to summarizing and presenting its advantages and disadvantages. The main intent of this article is to focus not only on the course general objectives but also present selected experiences from the course administrator and tactics lecturer perspective.

Szkolenie dowództw (sztabów) na przestrzeni dziejów

Halik J.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

2002

nr 3-4(48-49)

349-362

The need to train commands (staffs) arose when the first mass armies appeared. Then the necessity to shape and develop the effectiveness of thinking and operability of action in different battlefield situations was perceived among command (staff) officers. Various forms of training, exercises in particular were to serve this aim. The first exercise used to train commands (staffs) was so called war game, the principles of which were very similar to the game of chess but figurines envisaged battalions and squadrons were used instead of pawns, and a map of the terrain instead of the chessboard. The second half of the 19th century finally shaped the modern system of command (staff) officers' training (education). The main forms that dominated then were various forms of physical exercises in field using staff maps. Dominating methods used in the course of these exercises were reproductive or imitative methods and also others similar to currently applied ones such as situational, stage, biographical and historical methods. A rapid development of the art of war (particularly changing ways of waging battles), the creation of national armies and further development of combat means influenced finally the system of command (staff) officers in that period. Also professional preparation of commanders and staff officers had an impact on staff schools educating personnel for senior staffs. Further shaping of the cadre training system in the Republic of Poland after World War I and II and within the Warsaw Pact framework concentrated on significant intensity of training endeavours, particularly coalition exercises on a large scale with the participation of many armies representing the member states of the Warsaw Pact and also on problems dominating at those times. The problems referred to mobilisation deployment of troops, waging operations in the initial stage of war, active and manoeuvre operations, fighting from defence to assault, marching on long distances, manoeuvre groups' activities and complex fire assault on the enemy. The training, however, was not fully adjusted to the needs of particular units (commands/staffs) due to their character and designation. The next transformations of the command (staff) training of land forces troops take place within the Partnership for Peace Programme and after our joining NATO. Currently (after entering NATO structures) the command (staff) operational -tactical training for land forces units should be modified so that the training would enable the cadre a permanent operational - tactical condition in case of crisis or armed conflict situation. The new tactical - operational training system of the units' cadre should be based in particular on the defence doctrine assumptions of the state and also be coherent with the training doctrine of the Polish Armed Forces and NATO. Exercises should continue to be the main forms of operational - tactical training, but command - staff exercises supported with computer simulation and exercises with (episodic) participation of troops and in the field.