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1

Predicting open-pit mine production using machine learning techniques

Kumah Faustin Nartey, Alex Kwasi Saim, Oppong Millicent Nkrumah, Arthur Clement Kweku

Journal of Sustainable Mining

|

2024

|

Vol. 23, iss. 2

118--131

EN

In mining, where production is affected by several factors, including equipment availability, it is necessary to develop reliable models to accurately predict mine production to improve operational efficiency. Hence, in this study, four (4) machine learning algorithms - namely: artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), gradient boosting regression (GBR) and decision tree (DT)) - were implemented to predict mine production. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analysis was used as a baseline study for comparison purposes. In that regard, one hundred and twenty-six (126) datasets from an open-pit gold mine were used. The developed models were evaluated and compared using the correlation coefficient (R2), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and variance accounted for (VAF). It has been shown in this study that the ANN model can best estimate open-pit mine production by comparing its performance to that of the other machine learning models. The R2, MAPE, RMSE and VAF of the models were 0.8003, 0.7486, 0.7519, 0.6538, 0.6044, 4.23%, 5.07%, 5.44%, 6.31%, 6.15% and 79.66%, 74.69%, 74.10%, 65.16% and 60.11% for ANN, RF, GBR, DT and MLR, respectively. Overall, this study has shown that machine learning algorithms predict mine production with higher accuracy.

2

Machine Learning Algorithms for Data Enrichment: A Promising Solution for Enhancing Accuracy in Predicting Blast-Induced Ground Vibration in Open-Pit Mines

Nguyen Hoang, Bui Xuan-Nam, Drebenstedt Carsten

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2023

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no. 2, vol. 1

79--88

EN

The issue of blast-induced ground vibration poses a significant environmental challenge in open-pit mines, necessitating precise prediction and control measures. While artificial intelligence and machine learning models hold promise in addressing this concern, their accuracy remains a notable issue due to constrained input variables, dataset size, and potential environmental impact. To mitigate these challenges, data enrichment emerges as a potential solution to enhance the efficacy of machine learning models, not only in blast-induced ground vibration prediction but also across various domains within the mining industry. This study explores the viability of utilizing machine learning for data enrichment, with the objective of generating an augmented dataset that offers enhanced insights based on existing data points for the prediction of blast-induced ground vibration. Leveraging the support vector machine (SVM), we uncover intrinsic relationships among input variables and subsequently integrate them as supplementary inputs. The enriched dataset is then harnessed to construct multiple machine learning models, including k-nearest neighbors (KNN), classification and regression trees (CART), and random forest (RF), all designed to predict blast-induced ground vibration. Comparative analysis between the enriched models and their original counterparts, established on the initial dataset, provides a foundation for extracting insights into optimizing the performance of machine learning models not only in the context of predicting blast-induced ground vibration but also in addressing broader challenges within the mining industry.

3

Dominant Determinants of Adaptation of the Mining Complex in the Conditions of a Dynamic Environment

Hryhoriev Yulian, Lutsenko Serhii, Joukov Serhii

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2023

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no. 1

15--21

EN

Modern business conditions increasingly clearly demonstrate the dynamism of the surrounding world. Such changes in economic, technological, social and economic factors must be taken into account when planning and designing mining operations. In this article, it is proposed to consider the mining region as an anthropotechnical complex from the standpoint of a systemic approach. Management strategy of an open-pit group was developed and nomograms for practical use are given on its basis. Based on this decomposition approach, an adaptation mechanism is proposed. Its principle is that a set of adaptation tools is adopted for each rank of the anthropotechnical complex. The experience of using these tools in the conditions of the Kryvyi Rih mining region is given, in particular, the use of worked out space for the placement of overburden from other open-pits, the joint placement of enrichment tailings and waste rocks, etc. An approach to distinguishing stages and indicators of adaptation according to the proposed mechanism is proposed.

PL

Współczesne uwarunkowania biznesowe coraz wyraźniej pokazują dynamikę otaczającego świata. Takie zmiany czynników ekonomicznych, technologicznych, społecznych i ekonomicznych muszą być brane pod uwagę przy planowaniu i projektowaniu działalności górniczej. W artykule proponuje się potraktowanie rejonu górniczego jako kompleksu antropotechnicznego z punktu widzenia podejścia systemowego. Opracowano strategię zarządzania kopalnią odkrywkową i na jej podstawie podano nomogramy do praktycznego wykorzystania. Na tej podstawie zaproponowano mechanizm adaptacyjny. Jego zasadą jest przyjmowanie zestawu narzędzi adaptacyjnych dla każdej rangi zespołu antropotechnicznego. Podano doświadczenia w stosowaniu tych narzędzi w warunkach górniczych Krzywego Rogu, w szczególności wykorzystanie zagospodarowanej przestrzeni do składowania nadkładu z innych odkrywek, wspólnego składowania odpadów poflotacyjnych i skał płonnych itp. Zaproponowano podejście do wyodrębnienia etapów i wskaźników adaptacji według proponowanego mechanizmu.

4

Górnictwo odkrywkowe - zdarzenia niebezpieczne (niebezpieczne po latach)

Skrobisz Marcin

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2023

|

nr 6

17--21

EN

The article presents dangerous events in opencast mines in the years 2012-2022, in particular cases of finding unexploded ordnance from the 1st (ZEK „Bobrowniki") and the 2nd World War („Kotlarnia" Sand Mine). In order to eliminate this threat, the mining supervision authority has developed the following actions, which as „good practice" should permanently become part of the canon of conduct of every mining entrepreneur: (1) Analysis of the history of the mining area in aspect warfare; (2) Preparation an of safe work instructions in case of finding unexploded ordnance; (3) Application of procedures ensuring the safety of employes and bystanders, i.e.: (i) suspension of further work in the threated area; (ii) warning the people working nearby; (iii) retreat to a safe distance (including machines if possible); (iv) securing access to threated area; (v) supervising (from the safe distance) the threated area until the arrival of Police/sappers; (vi) elimination of the threat by specialized services; (4) Elimination of future threats, i.e. sapper reconnaissance and clearing the area of identified explosives and dangerous objects.

PL

W artykule omówiono zagrożenia związane z występowaniem niewybuchów w odkrywkowych zakładach górniczych oraz działania profilaktyczne podejmowane w celu ich zminimalizowania.

5

Dobre praktyki zakładu górniczego wdrażane na rzecz zrównoważonego rozwoju

Matusz Mariusz, Adrian Bryła

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2023

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nr 8

7--13

EN

Lafarge Cement S.A. out of concern for the environment and local communities, announced the „Lafarge Sustainable Development Strategy in Poland until 2030". It includes, among others: dialogue with the local community and local government, financial and advisory support for local initiatives, reduction of paraseismic vibrations thanks to the use of electronic detonators to initiate explosives, improvement of work safety thanks to: investments in modern mobile equipment, equipping machines with cameras, reversing sensors, reflectors and lights, purchase of defibrillators and modular first aid backpacks and introduction of dynamic risk assessment, reporting of perceived threats and analysis of their root causes using, among others, electronic applications, as well as activities improving the safety of residents (providing defibrillators, installing an air quality meter, supporting the Fire Brigade). The above solutions translate into maintaining good relations with residents and the health of employees, proving the ability of the mining plant to operate in symbiosis with the environment.

PL

W artykule opisano doświadczenia i działania wdrożone w zakładzie górniczym Cementowni Małogoszcz - Lafarge Cement S.A. w ramach strategii zrównoważonego rozwoju, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jej bardzo obszernego filara „Dobre Miejsce Pracy i Społeczności". Przedstawiono najważniejsze aspekty działalności kopalni, począwszy od nowoczesnych technologii w zakresie urabiania, załadunku i transportu surowca skalnego, poprzez nowatorskie rozwiązania w zakresie bezpieczeństwa pracy i ochrony środowiska (aplikacje na telefon czy dedykowane platformy internetowe), a kończąc na budowaniu zaufania wśród społeczności lokalnej.

6

Prawo geologiczne i górnicze do poprawki?

Lipiński Aleksander

Surowce i Maszyny Budowlane

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2022

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nr 1

60--64

PL

Od jesieni ubiegłego roku na stronach Rządowego Centrum Legislacji (www.rcl.gov.pl) można znaleźć projekt ustawy nowelizującej Prawo geologiczne i górnicze oraz związane z nim inne ustawy (tzw. projekt UD280, przygotowany w Ministerstwie Klimatu i Środowiska). Przewiduje on niemal 200 zmian, przede wszystkim dotyczących Prawa geologicznego i górniczego.

7

O potrzebie nowelizacji przepisów ustawy o ochronie gruntów rolnych i leśnych w odniesieniu do rekultywacji gruntów po eksploatacji surowców mineralnych

Naworyta Wojciech

Przegląd Górniczy

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2022

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T. 78, nr 4

30--35

PL

W artykule przeanalizowano przepisy ustawy o ochronie gruntów rolnych i leśnych, głównie odnoszące się do rekultywacji gruntów przekształconych. Zauważono, że branża, w której rekultywacja praktykowana jest najczęściej to górnictwo, szczególnie odkrywkowe. Zapisy komentowanej ustawy nie wychodzą naprzeciw problemom wynikającym ze specyfiki działalności wydobywczej. W artykule wskazano przepisy, które są albo anachroniczne, albo straciły na aktualności, albo dublują przepisy istniejące już w innych ustawach. Zamiast stosowania dotychczasowego kierunku rekultywacji zaproponowano nowe postępowanie w sprawie decyzji o sposobie rekultywacji gruntów pogórniczych. W okresie kilku najbliższych dekad likwidowane będą trzy duże wyrobiska po eksploatacji węgla brunatnego. Będą to przedsięwzięcia bez precedensu w dotychczasowej praktyce europejskiej. Przepisy ustawy o ochronie gruntów rolnych i leśnych w obecnym kształcie nie przystają do nowych wyzwań. W artykule wskazano konieczne zmiany.

EN

The article analyzes the provisions of the Act on the Protection of Agricultural and Forest Land, mainly relating to the reclamation of transformed land. It has been noticed that the industry in which reclamation is practiced most often is mining, especially opencast. The provisions of the discussed act do not meet the problems resulting from the specificity of mining activities. The article indicates provisions that are either anachronistic, have become obsolete, or duplicate provisions that already exist in other acts. Instead of applying the current direction of reclamation, a new procedure was proposed for the decision on the method of post-mining land reclamation. Over the next few decades, three large open casts will be closed after lignite mining. These undertakings will be unprecedented in the European practice so far. The provisions of the Act on the Protection of Agricultural and Forest Land in its current form do not match the new challenges. The article indicates the necessary changes.

8

Evaluation of the extractive gold process: open-pit mining through exergy analysis

Velasquez Hector I., Orozco Loaiza Carlos Andres, Hasenstab Christian, Cano Natalia A.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2020

|

Vol. 19, iss. 3

166--181

EN

The Colombian mining sector is characterized by the production of coal, nickel, emeralds, gold, and construction materials. It is considered by the National Development Plan of Colombia 2018-2022 as an economic agent that boosts development in the region and one that requires the strengthening of its policies and environmental liability. Therefore, this paper aims to show the importance of implementing methodologies based on the logic of nature (exergy) that objectively indicate the environmental impact of an extractive gold activity, such as open-pit gold mining. The extractive activity or process to be studied consists of the following stages: topsoil removal by using machinery and explosives to create craters and to access the mineral present in the subsoil; the physical transformation of the extracted material through crushing, grinding, gravimetric separation, flotation, leaching, adsorption, elution, and electrodeposition, along with smelting and casting to obtain gold and silver ingots. Thus, this paper analyzes the exergy performance of each unit process of the open-pit extractive process. The obtained results are used in a sensitivity analysis, which determines the system efficiency, by assuming the increase of gold in the extracted material in the exploitation stage, by using the same supplies and input of the current process. In other cases, the open-pit mining process is analyzed by changing its technologies in the mining process and assuming that this change reduces the inlet ore to 60%, by discarding 40% of material without gold and by reducing supply consumption by 25%. By improving the system efficiency, the exergy destroyed is reduced and the emissions to the environment diminish. Therefore, this method may be implemented as a basic guideline when it comes to decision-making processes in the planning of the extractive processes by integrating the environmental component with gold production.

9

Operations research in open-pit mining

Maksymowicz Marcin

Górnictwo Odkrywkowe

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2020

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R. 61, nr 3

31--38

EN

In striving to maximize profits, maximize safety and to meet environmental requirements, management decisions being made in surface mining industry should always be optimal. Operations research, as a discipline supporting the decision-making processes helps to achieve this. In this paper, basic issues related to operations research in open-pit mining are explained. Significance of the operations research is emphasized, presenting the wide range of its applications in open-pit mining industry.

PL

Dążąc do maksymalizacji zysków, maksymalizacji bezpieczeństwa oraz spełnienia wymagań środowiskowych, decyzje zarządcze podejmowane w górnictwie odkrywkowym powinny być zawsze optymalne. Badania operacyjne - jako dyscyplina wspierająca procesy decyzyjne, pomagają to osiągać. W artykule wyjaśniono podstawowe zagadnienia dotyczące badań operacyjnych w branży górnictwa odkrywkowego oraz podkreślono ich znaczenie, przedstawiając szeroki wachlarz zastosowań.

10

Numerical modeling of transport roads in open pit mines

Nurić Adila, Nurić Samir

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2019

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Vol. 18, iss. 1

25--30

EN

Transport of overburden and mineral raw materials in surface mining is one of the most complex and costly processes today. Good transport roads are essential for successful transportation by trucks in open pit mines. Poor design, and maintenance of the roads has the greatest impact on the high transport costs and possible risks in terms of security. Numerical modeling was performed to analyze the effects of the properties of the built-in materials used in the construction of roads, the thickness of the layers and the interaction of tires with the road surface. The distribution of stress and strain determined in the construction of a road depends on the characteristics of the road and the structure and mass of the truck. For this reason, numerical modeling and computer simulation is considered a very suitable method in the design of roads, because in a short period of time and at a lower cost calculations for the construction of a large number of models can be implemented and the best model available will be chosen. The most favorable construction will be considered to be the one that will, at minimum construction costs and with low costs of maintenance, enable the efficient use of transport equipment for a longer period of exploitation.

11

Control of the vibration structure induced during works with the use of explosives

Sołtys A., Pyra J., Twardosz M.

Technical Transactions

|

2018

|

Vol. 115, iss. 7

87--99

EN

This article presents the results of research on controlling the structure of vibrations induced during the firing of explosives with the use of non-electrical and electronic systems and the influence of the vibration structure during a transition from the ground to the building. The use of procedures associated with the selection of millisecond delay for firing explosive charges during blasting allows to get the excitation of favourable structure vibrations, thanks to a strong damping which is obtained at the transition from the ground to the structure. This means that optimally designed blasting works do not have to limit the mass of the explosives in the borehole as well as their number.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad sterowaniem strukturą drgań wzbudzanych w czasie odpalania ładunków MW z zastosowaniem systemów nieelektrycznych i elektronicznych oraz wpływem struktury drgań na interakcję układu budynek-podłoże. Zastosowanie do projektowania robót strzałowych procedur związanych z doborem opóźnienia milisekundowego do odpalania ładunków MW pozwala na wzbudzanie drgań o korzystnej strukturze, dzięki czemu uzyskuje się silne tłumienie przy przejściu z podłoża do obiektów. Oznacza to, że optymalnie zaprojektowane roboty strzałowe nie muszą ograniczać masy ładunków MW w otworze oraz ich liczby.

12

Control of the vibration structure induced during works with the use of explosives

Sołtys A., Pyra J., Twardosz M.

Technical Transactions

|

2018

|

Vol. 115, iss. 6

113--125

EN

This article presents the results of research on controlling the structure of vibrations induced during the firing of explosives with the use of non-electrical and electronic systems and the influence of the vibration structure during a transition from the ground to the building. The use of procedures associated with the selection of millisecond delay for firing explosive charges during blasting allows to get the excitation of favourable structure vibrations, thanks to a strong damping which is obtained at the transition from the ground to the structure. This means that optimally designed blasting works do not have to limit the mass of the explosives in the borehole as well as their number.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad sterowaniem strukturą drgań wzbudzanych w czasie odpalania ładunków MW z zastosowaniem systemów nieelektrycznych i elektronicznych oraz wpływem struktury drgań na interakcję układu budynek–podłoże. Zastosowanie do projektowania robót strzałowych procedur związanych z doborem opóźnienia milisekundowego do odpalania ładunków MW, pozwala na wzbudzanie drgań o korzystnej strukturze, dzięki czemu uzyskuje się silne tłumienie przy przejściu z podłoża do obiektów. Oznacza to, że optymalnie zaprojektowane roboty strzałowe nie muszą ograniczać masy ładunków MW w otworze oraz ich liczby.

13

The proposal for recultivation of post-mining areas of limestone deposits Żychcice II – Saturn in Wojkowice

Polek D., Gliniak M., Niedoba T., Grabowski Ł., Wołosiewicz-Głąb M.

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2018

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R. 20, nr 2

345--351

EN

Recultivation understood as the process of restoring economic value and utility of natural sites of post-mining areas should be regarded not only as a legal obligation for entrepreneurs but primarily as an opportunity for cities and municipalities. The properly selected direction of land recultivation should be converted to an asset for the further revitalization process and it could contribute to a significant increase in the attractiveness of those areas. The following study is a proposal for the most efficient land-use of post-mining areas of „Żychcice II – Saturn” mine. The presented method is a compromise between the expectations of the local population and real demands. In the process of creating the concept, authors took under the consideration a number of factors, which determine the best land-use – especially economic, nature and social factors. This implementation idea allows Wojkowice to optimize usage of that lands for improving their potential as a city and increase its attractiveness for inhabitants as well as tourists. Revitalization of post-mining areas would be a big challenge for municipalities, but also it could be a chance to increase the natural and usable values of these terrains.

PL

Rekultywacja jako proces przywrócenia wartości użytkowych i przyrodniczych terenom poeksploatacyjnym powinna być traktowana nie tylko jako prawny obowiązek przedsiębiorcy, ale przede wszystkim jako szansa dla miasta i gminy, na których to terenach była prowadzona eksploatacja. Prawidłowo dobrany kierunek rekultywacji terenu poeksploatacyjnego, z uwzględnieniem dalszego procesu rewitalizacyjnego, może przyczynić się do znacznego wzrostu atrakcyjności obszarów występowania. W artykule przedstawiono najbardziej optymalny, według autorów, kierunek rekultywacji terenów poeksploatacyjnych byłej kopalni wapienia „Żychcice II – Saturn“. Przedstawiony sposób wykorzystania terenów poeksploatacyjnych jest, w mniemaniu autorów, kompromisem pomiędzy oczekiwaniami miejscowej ludności, a realnym zapotrzebowaniem na dane rozwiązania. Proces ten powinien być poprowadzony w sposób, który pozwoli na pełniejsze wykorzystanie potencjału miasta Wojkowice oraz wzrost jego atrakcyjności, zarówno z perspektywy mieszkańców jak i turystów. Rewitalizacja terenów pogórniczych byłej kopalni wapienia będzie dla miasta dużym wyzwaniem, ale jednocześnie szansą na podniesienie wartości użytkowych oraz przyrodniczych danego terenu.

14

Zjawiska osuwiskowe w procesie eksploatacji kopalin spod lustra wody na przykładzie zakładu górniczego „Zastawie IV-2”

Nycz J.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2018

|

nr 7

19--24

PL

W artykule przedstawiono genezę zdarzenia osuwiskowego w odkrywkowym zakładzie górniczym „Zastawie IV-2”, eksploatującym kruszywa spod lustra wody. Omówiono sposoby zapobiegania osuwiskom w odkrywkowych zakładach górniczych prowadzących eksploatację spod lustra wody urządzeniami pływającymi.

EN

In open-pit mining, landslides are some of the most severe threats to the operation of mining facilities and general safety. The article presents a landslide which occurred in May 2017 in the “Zastawie IV-2” open-pit mine extracting natural aggregate from under the water surface using a dredger. The main natural factors facilitating their formation are: variability of geological structure (compacted formations on top, loose formations below the water surface), inclination of land and rock layers towards the pit, clay sand soaking in the upper part of the profile under the influence of rainwater, and the probable occurrence of tunnel valleys in the vicinity of the landslide, which create a slippery surface. The main mining factors leading to the formation of landslide include: failure to keep a safe distance of the dredger to the mining walls, and mining by scooping the dry layer, producing a so-called “slide”, without properly isolating the dry and wet layer. The article also indicates that preventing landslides during beneath-surface mining consists, in particular, in designing the parameters of scarps and slopes, in order to guarantee their stability in specific geological-engineering conditions and in mining the deposit according to the technical design for mining beneath water surface. Particular caution should be exercised when mining deposits with diverse geological structures from under the water surface, i.e. when mining deposits with clearly diverse strength parameters and when the mineral is consolidated between the dry and soaked layer. It was also noted that landslide phenomena are not easy to forecast, as they are usually formed by several factors acting in synergy

15

Zapobieganie katastrofom górniczym podczas odkrywkowej eksploatacji złoża węgla brunatnego

Kaczarewski T.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

|

2018

|

nr 8

3--20

PL

W kopalniach odkrywkowych węgla brunatnego bardzo istotne są katastrofalne zagrożenia związane z ruchem zakładu górniczego. Warunkami skutecznego przeciwdziałania takim zagrożeniom są właściwe rozpoznawanie ich potencjalnych i zaistniałych przyczyn oraz efektywne zarządzanie ryzykiem ich materializacji. W artykule przedstawiono najważniejsze zasady takiego przeciwdziałania, z uwzględnieniem wieloletnich doświadczeń zawodowych autora.

EN

Catastrophic events are intrinsic to brown coal open-pit mining, and they can have very severe impact on the safety of operations at a mining facility, or on the technical and economic effectiveness of mining. Their technical scale and economic effects depend primarily on the effectiveness of risk management focusing on their occurrence in a mining facility. To effectively counteract these threats, the potential and existing causes for these events must be identified and adequate measures must be taken: preventive, corrective - implemented in all working processes, and, ultimately, rescue measures. According to the author, catastrophic threats are mainly caused by the inconsistency of mining processes with objective and current conditions, in which they are carried out. Despite significant progress in the technique and technology of identifying and monitoring threats related to geological and mining conditions, and the application of IT tools in designing safe mining works, catastrophic events remain an essential threat. The article surveys years of practical vocational experience to classify and describe the sources and most important causes for catastrophic mine wall rockslides, and lays down the principles for preventing such threats. The article also presents a proposal for risk management with respect to these threats, basing on objective values, applying modern, innovative methods of designing and managing threats and monitoring the safety of mining processes.

16

Improving the organization of the shovel-truck systems in open-pit coal mines

Koryagin M., Voronov A.

Transport Problems

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2017

|

T. 12, z. 2

113--122

EN

The aim of the study is to reduce idle times of mining trucks and shovels in an open-pit coal mine. A heuristic algorithm for making dispatching decisions in conditions of dynamic allocation of trucks is developed. Priority parameters for choosing the shovel after the end-of-truck unloading are introduced. Also, an algorithm for searching for the optimal priority parameters to satisfy the required efficiency criterion is developed. This algorithm is based on a simulation model of a shovel-truck system. The proposed approach is applicable in terms of the group of shovels with a common dump point in various open-pit coal mines. The importance of this work lies in the fact that the proposed model takes into account the random factors related with the duration of loading and dumping, truck movement, repair of shovels and haul trucks, as well as the duration of periods between repairs.

17

Risk assessment of occupational groups working in open pit mining: Analytic Hierarchy Process

Kasap Y., Subasi E.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

|

2017

|

Vol. 16, iss. 2

38--46

EN

In open pit mining it is possible to prevent industrial accidents and the results of industrial accidents such as deaths, physical disabilities and financial loss by implementing risk analyses in advance. If the probabilities of different occupational groups encountering various hazards are determined, workers’ risk of having industrial accidents and catching occupational illnesses can be controlled. In this sense, the aim of this study was to assess the industrial accidents which occurred during open pit coal production in the Turkish Coal Enterprises (TCE) Garp Lignite unit between 2005 and 2010 and to analyze the risks using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The analyses conducted with AHP revealed that the greatest risk in open pit mining is landslides, the most risky occupational group is unskilled labourers and the most common hazards are caused by landslides and transportation/hand tools/falling.

18

Drainage wells as an integral part of a deep dewatering system in Szczerców field in the Bełchatów Lignite Mine

Gasiński J., Macuda J., Szewczyk S.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2017

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Vol. 34, no. 2

455--463

EN

The open-pit extraction of lignite in the Bełchatów Lignite Mine can be conducted after prior deep dewatering of the rock mass, realized with large-diameter dewatering wells distributed in the form of outer and inner barriers. This type of dewatering system allows for safe extraction of lignite, however residual waters in the overburden may locally create hazard. These are rain waters infiltrating into the rock mass, and which, due to the complicated geological structure of the deposit and disturbed system of layers, were not intaken by wells belonging to the primary dewatering system. They are removed through the existing and newly drilled exploration wells, which are converted into drainage wells. Such wells are used for removing waters suspended in permeable overburden and gravitationally moved to the lower absorbing layers, from where they are directed to the primary dewatering system wells and then to the surface water courses. The applied enhancement of the dewatering system used in the lignite deposit significantly improves the safety of mining works conducted in this place. Technical and technological aspects of drilling dewatering wells in Bełchatów Lignite Mine are discussed in this paper and followed by the evaluation of efficiency of dewatering of the overburden.

19

Praca operatora miesiąc za darmo

Podsiadło P.

Surowce i Maszyny Budowlane

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2016

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nr 6

20--22

PL

Operator i sprzęt ciężki typu ładowarka to nierozłączny duet, bez którego niemalże żadna kopalnia nie jest w stanie sobie poradzić. Z punktu widzenia ekonomii duet ten jest kosztem, a jeżeli tak, to jeśli to możliwe, koszt ten warto zmniejszać. W artykule przedstawię sprawdzony sposób na cięcie kosztów, jednak bez pozbawiania wynagrodzenia operatora. Co więcej – podsunę pomysł, jak dać mu zarobić więcej tylko dlatego, że jeden miesiąc w roku przepracuje za darmo.

20

Monitoring drgań wzbudzanych robotami strzałowymi – 2 lata pracy zautomatyzowanego systemu pomiarowego KSMD

Pyra J., Sołtys A., Winzer J.

Przegląd Górniczy

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2015

|

T. 71, nr 7

7--15

PL

W wyniku prac badawczych prowadzonych w Katedrze Górnictwa Odkrywkowego opracowano oryginalną metodykę dokumentowania oddziaływania robót strzałowych w otoczeniu kopalń odkrywkowych. Jednym z elementów tych prac było zbudowanie komputerowego systemu monitorowania drgań, który znalazł zastosowanie w kopalniach jako Kopalniana Stacja Monitoringu Drgań KSMD. Modernizację systemu przeprowadzono w 2012 roku, co skłoniło Autorów do podsumowania jego dwuletniej pracy. Podsumowanie to zawiera informacje o liczbie wykonanych pomiarów, intensywności zarejestrowanych drgań oraz ocenę oddziaływania drgań na obiekty budowlane, dowodząc, że roboty strzałowe wykonywane w kopalniach odkrywkowych, tam gdzie prowadzona jest świadoma działalność profilaktyczna, nie są szkodliwe dla zabudowań w otoczeniu.

EN

As a result of researches conducted at the Department of Opencast Mining the original methodology of the impact of blasting works on the open pit mine’s surrounding was developed. One element of this work was to develop a computer system for ground vibrations monitoring. The developed system is known as The Mine Vibration Monitoring Station (KSMD). The KSMD is widely used in a number of open pit mines. The system was modernized in 2012, which led the authors to make a summary of its two year’s work. This summary contains information about the number of measurements taken, the intensity and the impact of ground vibration recorded on housing structures and also proofs that blasting works performed in open-pit mines, where the preventive activity was implemented, are not harmful to the housing structures which are in close proximity to the open pit mine.