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Warunki i opłaty wodnoprzewozowe w Królestwie Polskim ery paskiewiczowskiej

Rutkowski M.

Gospodarka Wodna

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2016

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Nr 2

43--47

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wiele kwestii związanych z problematyką warunków i opłat przewozowych przez rzeki/akweny w Królestwie Polskim okresu po upadku Powstania Listopadowego. Opierając się na źródłach z epoki opisano: ustanawianie tymczasowych opłat za przewóz przez rzekę w nadzwyczajnych wypadkach; obowiązujące przykładowe procedury formalnego zatwierdzania przewozów; funkcjonowanie nadgranicznych przepraw wodnych; warunki ustanawiania straży i czuwania przy przeprawach; stan przepraw wodnych w końcowej fazie okresu paskiewiczowskiego.

EN

The paper presents numerous issues related to the river/water body transport fees and conditions in the Polish Kingdom after the fall of the November Uprising. Based on historical sources, the authors describe: setting temporary fees for emergency river crossings; examples of binding formal procedure of carriage approval; functioning of border water crossings; conditions of mounting the guard and keeping watch at the crossings; state of water crossings at the end of the Paskievich epoch.

2

Basic models of economic regulation of airports used in the world

Novak Sedlackova A.

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

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2013

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R. 20, nr 10

2247--2253, CD

EN

This paper about the charges policy at the specific market of airport services, especially airport charges. At this moment is the necessity to apply economic regulation of airport charges in each EU State at least at one airport. But before we start with regulation process, we need to know basic information about this field.

3

Teoretyczne zasady i praktyczne bariery reformowania systemu obciążeń za użytkowanie infrastruktury transportowej

Bąk M.

Problemy Ekonomiki Transportu

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2004

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nr 1

41-56

EN

The aim of the article is to present practical experiences of reforming system of charges for infrastructure use on the base of theoretical assumptions concerning theoretical rules of developing the most efficient solutions. Pricing policy of the European countries in the range of transport infrastructure use has evoked some reservations for many years. On the one hand, large divergence of existing systems in different countries, and even in different modes of transport, has made some disturbances in inter-modal and international competition. On the other hand, investment needs have caused necessary changes in the direction of creating more efficient and fair pricing policy. Moreover, increasing ecological threats resulting from transport activities, have been a very important incentive to modify current system. It should be noticed, that if major theoretical problems concerning optimal reform of pricing policy have been already solved, then practical realisation and introduction of proposed instruments still remains in the planning phase (excluding some original implementations, e.g. in Alpine countries). In the first part of the paper, theoretical foundations of developing system of charges for transport infrastructure use, have been presented. Then, the practice of Western European countries in the range of current system functioning has been analysed. The next part is devoted to describing trials of inefficient system modifications on different levels, i.e. on the level of the European Union, the European Conference of Ministers of Transport and different countries. At the end of the article, barriers of implementing new solutions have been identified. It can be summarised that both political and social acceptance of introducing new instruments has been very weak. Moreover, transport users, especially road freight carriers have been anxious about total increase of infrastructure charges.