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1

Integrated precipitable water from GPS observations and CIMEL sunphotometer measurements at CGO Belsk

Kruczyk M., Liwosz T., Pietruczuk A.

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2017

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Vol. 103

46--65

EN

This paper describes results of integrated precipitable water co-located measurements from two techniques: GPS solution and CIMEL-318 sun-photometer. Integrated Precipitable Water (IPW) is an important meteorological parameter and is derived from GPS tropospheric solutions for GPS station at Central Geophysical Observatory (CGO), Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Belsk and compared with sunphotometer (CIMEL-318 device by Cimel Electronique) data provided by Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). Two dedicated and independent GPS solutions: network solution in the sub-network of European Permanent Network (EPN) and precise point positioning solution have been made to obtain tropospheric delays. The quality of dedicated tropospheric solutions has been verified by comparison with EPN tropospheric combined product. Several IPW comparisons and analyses revealed systematic difference between techniques (difference RMS is over 1 mm). IPW bias changes with season: annual close to 1 mm IPW (and semi-annual term also present). IPW bias is a function of atmospheric temperature. Probable cause of this systematic deficiency in solar photometry as IPW retrieval technique is a change of optical filter characteristics in CIMEL.

2

Określenie opóźnienia troposferycznego z użyciem sensora GPS w transporcie lotniczym

Krasuski K., Jafernik H.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2017

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R. 18, nr 6

826--829, CD

PL

W artykule omówiony został problem wyznaczenia parametru opóźnienia troposferycznego z użyciem obserwacji GPS w obszarze implementacji techniki GNSS w transporcie lotniczym. Parametr opóźnienia troposferycznego został wyznaczony na podstawie programów CSRS-PPP, GAPS i magicPPP. W artykule dokonano porównania wartości opóźnienia troposferycznego dla uzyskanych wyników badawczych. W eksperymencie badawczym wykorzystano dane GPS z odbiornika Topcon HiperPro zamontowanego na pokładzie samolotu Cessna 172.

EN

The article discussed the problem of the designation of tropospheric delay parameter using GPS observations in the area of implementation of GNSS technology in air transport. Tropospheric delay parameter has been set on the basis of CSRS-PPP, GAPS and magicPPP softwares. The article compares the values of tropospheric delay for the results presented in the research. In experiment the GPS data from Topcon Hiper Pro receiver that was installed on the aircraft Cessna 172, were used.

3

Metody korekcji wpływu troposfery na dokładność określania lokalizacji w systemach GNSS

Wroński J. W.

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2016

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nr 6

455--458, CD

PL

W ostatnich latach systemy GNSS znajdują zastosowanie w technologiach M2M (automatyczna nawigacja samochodowa), czy w najnowszych zastosowaniach technologii internetowych: Internecie Rzeczy lub Przedmiotów (IoT – Internet of Things), lub Internecie Wszechrzeczy (IoE - Internet of Everything), czyli sieci ludzi, procesów, danych i rzeczy podłączonych do Internetu. Sygnały z satelity przechodząc przez warstwę troposfery ulegają opóźnieniu, co ma wpływ na dokładność określania pozycji odbiornika. W referacie przedstawiono modele troposfery pozwalające na korekcję jej wpływu na dokładność lokalizacji odbiorników systemów GNSS.

EN

With the free availability of GNSS signal and the availability of cheap GNSS receivers, the GNSS technology is having a pervasive use in civil, industrial, scientific and military areas. GNSS localization plays the most important role in nowadays technologies such machine-to-machine communication and Internet of Things. RF signals are delayed when travelling from the transmitter to the receiver through the troposphere due to variability of the refractive index of the troposphere layer. This article describes methods used in GNSS systems to correct localization precision due to signal delay in the troposphere layer.

4

Long series of GNSS Integrated Precipitable Water as a climate change indicator

Kruczyk M.

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2015

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Vol. 99

1--18

EN

This paper investigates information potential contained in tropospheric delay product for selected International GNSS Service (IGS) stations in climatologic research. Long time series of daily averaged Integrated Precipitable Water (IPW) can serve as climate indicator. The seasonal model of IPW change has been adjusted to the multi-year series (by the least square method). Author applied two modes: sinusoidal and composite (two or more oscillations). Even simple sinusoidal seasonal model (of daily IPW values series) clearly represents diversity of world climates. Residuals in periods from 10 up to 17 years are searched for some long-term IPW trend – self-evident climate change indicator. Results are ambiguous: for some stations or periods IPW trends are quite clear, the following years (or the other station) not visible. Method of fitting linear trend to IPW series does not influence considerably the value of linear trend. The results are mostly influenced by series length, completeness and data (e.g. meteorological) quality. The longer and more homogenous IPW series, the better chance to estimate the magnitude of climatologic IPW changes.

5

Integrated Precipitable Water Vapour measurements at Polish Polar Station Hornsund from GPS observations verified by aerological techniques

Kruczyk M., Liwosz T.

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2015

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Vol. 98

1--17

EN

We present results of the comparison of integrated precipitable water measurements from GPS solution and aerological techniques: CIMEL-318 sun-photometer and radiosoundings (RAOB). Integrated Precipitable Water (IPW) - important meteorological parameter is derived from GPS tropospheric solutions by known procedure for GPS station at Polish Polar Station, Hornsund (Svalbard). The relation between 2 m temperature and the mean temperature of atmosphere above, used to convert from wet part of tropospheric delay (ZWD) to IPW, has been derived using local radiosonde data at Ny Alesund. Sunphotometer data have been provided by AERONET. Quality of dedicated tropospheric solutions has been verified by comparison with EPN tropospheric combined product. Several IPW comparisons and analyses lead to determination of systematic difference between techniques: GPS IPW and sunphotometer data (not present in case of RAOBs). IPW measured by CIMEL is on average 5% bigger (0.5 mm) than IPW from GPS. This bias changes seasonally and is a function of atmospheric temperature what signals some systematic deficiencies in solar photometry as IPW retrieval technique. CIMEL IPW show some temperature dependent bias also in relation to radiosoundings.

6

Some aspects of GPS tropospheric delay behavior, usefulness and estimation

Kruczyk M., Liwosz T., Rogowski J. B.

Reports on Geodesy

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2004

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nr 2/69

235--242

EN

Our paper highlights some different areas of our research in GPS meteorology. We have made many statistical quality analysis of the many standard tropospheric solutions and ZTD combined product (EPN and IGS). This work can be useful for both combined product users and improved processing strategy guidelines. The core of our interest is tropospheric delay estimation and usage in practical activity such as permanent network and epoch campaign adjustment. We report current works leading to start of NRT tropospheric service in WUT LAC. Finally we present some interesting ideas how to use tropospheric delay in meteorology and climatology (e. g. long IPW series for different dimate conditions, IPW distribution maps, correlation of IPW series for different stations and other parameters, comparisons with radiosounding profiles, IPW derivation).

7

Model matematyczny opóźnień troposferycznych w systemie GPS

Gajda J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

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2001

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z. 56[186], t.2

479-485

PL

W artykule przedstawione są wyniki obliczeń opóźnień troposferycznych mikrofal w systemie GPS. Opóźnienia troposferyczne określono dla satelitów położonych powyżej 10 [deg] względem płaszczyzny horyzontu na powierzchni Ziemi z uwzględnieniem zmian warunków atmosferycznych. Otrzymane wyniki z modelu matematycznego porównano z wynikami prezentowanymi w literaturze problemu.

EN

The intended aim of the paper is to present resuIts of calculations of tropospheric delays of microwaves in the GPS system. The tropospheric delays have been defined for satellites positioned at an angle higher than 10[0] to the pIane of the horizon on the Earth surface, with account taken of changes in weather conditions. The results gained from the mathematical model have been compared with those presented in the literature of the subject.