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Ciecze jonowe w oligomeryzacji i polimeryzacji olefin

Ochędzan-Siodłak W.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2009

[Z] 63, 9-10

777-801

In the last decade ionic liquids have focused a considerable interest in many aspects of chemistry. The unique properties that can easily be tailored influence their attractiveness. Presently, the ionic liquids are used as solvents for numerous organic, inorganic, and organometallic compounds, including catalysts and cocatalysts of various reaction types [1–4]. Having polar, but weakly coordinating character, the ionic liquids were found to be a good medium for the olefin oligomerisation and polymerisation reactions carried out with the use of transition metal compounds [7, 10]. The ionic liquid enabled to perform the olefin oligomerisation (ethylene, propylene, butene) in the biphasic mode. Such system ensures high activity and selectivity of a catalyst, mild reaction conditions, and an easy separation of the products from the reaction mixture, what results in re-use of the catalyst in the multi-steps reaction cycles. Therefore, application of the ionic liquids overhelm the problems of the standard homogeneous oligomerisation processes [5, 6, 12–14]. Similarly, the ionic liquids can be applied in the olefin polymerisation with the use of organometallic catalysts. The most often used ionic liquids are those having imidazolium cation and chloroaluminate anion [10, 13–15]. They constitute not only a medium, but also they are a specific support of the catalyst precursor. Furthermore, they can participate in the catalytic process. It was found that even small modification of the ionic liquid cation can have considerable influence on the performance of the polymerisation reaction and the properties of the obtained product [10]. In the presented paper the actual trends concerning the oligomerisation and polymerisation reactions carried out in the ionic liquid medium are presented.