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Crumb rubber geopolymer mortar at elevated temperature exposure

Azmi Ahmad Azrem, Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri, Ghazali Che Mohd Ruzaidi, Ahmad Romisuhani, Jaya Ramadhansyah Putra, Rahim Shayfull Zamree Abd, Almadani Mohammad A., Wysłocki Jerzy J., Śliwa Agata, Sandu Andrei Victor

Archives of Civil Engineering

2022

Vol. 68, nr 3

87--105

Low calcium fly ash is used as the main material in the mixture and the crumb rubber was used in replacing fine aggregates in geopolymer mortar. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) which were high alkaline solution were incorporated as the alkaline solution. The fly ash reacted with the alkaline solution forming alumino-silicate gel that binds the aggregate to produce a geopolymer mortar. The loading of crumb rubber in the fly ash based geopolymer mortar was set at 0% (CRGM-0), 5% (CRGM-5), 10% (CRGM-10), 15% (CRGM-15), and 20% (CRGM-20), respectively. NaOH solution (12M) and Na2SiO3 solution ratio is set constant at 2.5 for all geopolymer mixture and the fly ash to alkali activator ratio was kept at 2.0. The CRGM at 28 days of curing time was exposed to elevated temperature at 200ºC, 400ºC, 600ºC and 800ºC. The weight loss of the CRGM increases with increasing temperature at all elevated temperatures. However, the density and compressive strength of CRGM decrease with an increase of crumb rubber loading for all elevated temperature exposure. The compressive strength of CRGM reduced due to the fact that rubber decomposes between 200ºC and 600ºC thereby creating voids. CRGM-15 and CRGM-20 showed cracks developed with rough surface at 800ºC. Image obtained from scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that, the CRGM changed significantly due to the decomposition of crumb rubber and evaporation of the free water at 400ºC, 600ºC and 800ºC.

A preliminary comparative study of seepage behaviour behind retaining walls with crumb rubber and geocomposite

Sivapriya Vijayasimhan, Sudharasan Chinnusamy, Suraj Ravikumar, Abinaya Kalyansundaram

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

2020

Vol. 30, no. 1

171--184

A retaining wall is built to provide support to the soil when there is a change in elevation of the ground. Weep holes present in the retaining wall help water to seep through it. Filter protection should be made behind the weep holes to prevent soil erosion around the weep holes. The classic filter material that is widely used is gravel, which is packed according to Hudson’s law. Laboratory experiments were conducted to understand the seepage function of alternative material such as crumb rubber and geocomposite (fabricated) in a homogenous sand layer and in-situ soil. The time taken by the water to reach the weep holes was calculated and compared. From the results, it is suggested to use crumb rubber as an alternative packing material behind the weep hole.

Experimental study of hybrid rubberized composite slabs

Subashree P., Thenmozhi R.

Archives of Civil Engineering

2018

Vol. 64, nr 4/II

21--29

Rubberized concrete is made up of scrap tyre rubbers where the fine aggregate is partially replaced by it, as the waste rubber is being a threat to the environment. It is estimated that only 4% of the waste tyre is used in the application of civil engineering and also there is shortage of fine aggregates. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the preliminary concrete properties of M25 and M30 concretes. The fine aggregate is replaced by pre-treated crumb rubber with 10, 15 and 20 % of total weight. Various tests are conducted on the rubberized concrete specimens such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and slump test. The investigation is carried out to determine the impact load behavior of hybrid rubberized composite slabs. In addition 0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of replacement of rubber fibers for total weight of coarse aggregate is also made. The specimen of size 300 mm x 300 mm x 50 mm thickness is subjected to drop hammer test to find its performance against the impact loads. The number of blows for the first crack and complete failure of slab was found and the characteristics were studied.